英国历史-早期的征服史

EarlyManand

theFeudalSocietyBritainbeforeIceAgeandNomadicLifeEarliestSettlers(1)

—TheIberians伊比利亚人Stonehenge石林NativePeople—TheCelts(700BC)FromtheBrythons(agroupofCelts)camethenameforBritain.TheCeltsremainedtribesmen.TheRomanBritain(55BC—410AD)Hadrian’swallEmperorofRome(117-138)whosoughttoenddistinctionsbetweenRomeandtheRomanprovinces.DuringhisvisittoBritain(122),heorderedtheconstructionofHadrian'sWall.Hadrian’sWall哈德良长城Hadrian’sWallKingHadrian(AD

76–138)Period:AD122-130Length:117kmWidth:3

mHeight:5to6mDefense:PhysicalfrontierUNESCO:WorldHeritageSite(1987)InfluenceofRomanConquest

broughttheirRomancivilization罗马入侵对英国文化的影响.mkv

Broughtlanguage,Latin,markedthebeginningofthewrittenhistorybuilttowns,(e.g.LondonandYork)temples,theatersandbuildings;builtroadsandcultivatedland;introducedasystemofeducationandorganizedgovernment.broughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritainwaterandsewagesystems

Anglo-SaxonInvasion(450AD---1066)

Heptarchy(600–800)ConversiontoChristianity(6th–8th)VikingInvasion(800–1066)KingAlfredtheGreat(849-899)MajorEvents2024/8/1314Heptarchy(600–800)1.Northumberland2.Mercia3.EastAnglia4.Essex5.Wessex6.Kent7.Sussex中国战国七雄：秦齐楚燕韩赵魏2024/8/1315VikingInvasion:TheRoute2024/8/1316VikingInvasion:VikingBoats2024/8/1317Heptarchy(600–800)1.Northumberland2.Mercia3.EastAnglia4.Essex5.Wessex6.Kent7.Sussex中国战国七雄：秦齐楚燕韩赵魏AlfredtheGreat(849-899)ThekingofWessex,atalentedstatesmanandsoldierandthegreatestfigureinthehistoryofAngle-SaxoninEngland,succeedinpushingtheDanesback.HeisoftenregardedasthefirstkingofaunitedEngland.HestartedtheAnglo-SaxonChronicle.NormanConquest:establishmentofFeudalismTheBattleofHastings

thewarbetweenWilliamandHarold,William’sarmyemployedprimarilycavalrywithcoatsofmail,whiletheHarold’sarmyconsistedmostlyofinfantry.ThetwoarmiesmetnearHastingsinSussexonOctober14,1066.Williamwonadecisivevictory,andHarolddiedinthebattle.TheNormanConquest

TheDukeofNormandy,William

ledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OneChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.hewasknownasWilliamtheConqueror,thefirstkingofAngle-Normankings.TheNormanConquestwasthelastinvasionofEnglandbyforeigners.

★InfluenceoftheNormanConquest

ItmarkedtheformalestablishmentofFeudalismsysteminEnglandTheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment..SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened,andthecivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,mannersandarchitecturewereintroduced.Doomsdaybook(英国土地志/最终税册)alsoknownasDomesdaytherecordofthegreatsurveyofEnglandcompletedin1086similartoacensusbyagovernmentoftoday.Williamneededinformationaboutthecountrysohecouldadministerit.Oneofthemainpurposesofthesurveywastofindoutwhoownedwhatsotheycouldbetaxedonit.ThenameDoomsdaycomesfromtheOldEnglishword“dom”,meaningaccountingorreckoning.

Invaders

CulturalHeritageIberians3000B.C.—2000B.CStonehengeCelts700B.C.Scottish,IrishandWelshraceandculture,thenameofBritain,KingArthurRomans55B.C.—410A.D.Latinalphabetandlanguage,Christianity,roads,townsAnglo-Saxons450A.D.En