高中英语选修6第一单元知识点、语法及练习

第一单元学问点

1.abstract

1)adj.深邃的，抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseis

not.

2)v.提炼，抽取；概括，写摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.

e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在为一篇书评撰写故

事摘要。

3)n.anabstractofalecture一个演讲的摘要

2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome

wouldratherdosth情愿做•••e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday,

wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做•••e.g.Iwouldratheryoucamehere

tomorrow.

wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth

=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsth

e.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyourather

thanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefer

goingwithyoutostayinghere.

3.faithn.信任，信仰

breakone'sfaithwithsb.对某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信

仰；守信

havefaithin信任，信任losefaithin不再信任ingoodfaith醇厚

地；恳切地

e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了对他的诺言。

Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信念的人，失去全部。

faithfuladj.忠诚的，牢靠的befaithfulto…对…忠诚

4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此

e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittle

aboutit.consequentadj.作为结果的，随之发生的consequencen.结

果

asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=

becauseof

e.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).

5.aim

A.1)n.目标(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife你生活的目的是什么

withoutaim无目的的/无目标的achieveone'saim达到目标

missone'saim打不中目标

(U)对准，瞄准takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthe

lion.

2)v.(以枪等)对准，瞄准aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarget

瞄准靶子

e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.

aimlessa.无目标的，无目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.

B.准备,安排，以…为目标，立志做…

aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄准，力求做到,力争达到

e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.

6.evidentadj.明白的，明显的

e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.

Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouare

tired.

n.evidence证据;证明inevidence=evident明显的

7.realistic现实主义的，逼真的,现实的

inamorerealisticway以一种更逼真的形式

realism现实主义realist现实主义者realadj.真的realizev.实

现

8.adoptvt.

1).实行;接受;汲取

e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopther

suggestion.

2).过继，收养[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.

3).正式通过，接受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion,

adoptedadj.被收养的，被接受的anadoptedchild

9.possess用作动词时，不能用于进行时。

1)“有，拥有"e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist1searly

works.

2)”具有…的特质"bepossessedofsth意为“具有某种品质或特征”

3)“支酉己，限制“e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich,

possession【c】财产，全部物(常用复数)personalpossessions个人财产

e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.

[u]占有，拥有

Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占据，夺取inpossessionof俵主

动）占

inthepossessionof=inone'spossession（表被动）…被占有"

e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他拥有这套房子。

Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.这套房子在他的占有之下。

10.convincevt.“使确信；使信服”

convincesb.todosth..劝服某人做…

convincesbofsthconvincesb+that从句使某人确信某事

e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。

Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.

sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat…某人确信。。。

11.attemptv.尝试，企图，努力去执行或完成

attemptdoing反复尝试做attempttodo企图做

attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doing

e.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.

n.1）企图或努力2）攻击；攻击

anattemptonsomeone'slife对某人生命的攻击

makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth尝试做

atone'sattempt在。••尝试下one,sfirstattempt初次尝试

e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她试着做这顿饭。

12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与ononehand连用。

Ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面另---方面

e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon,thaveto

worklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,

Idon,thaveenoughmoney.

athand在手边，在旁边byhand用手的，手工的

gohandinhandwith与…共同行动

13.figure

1）夕卜形；体形；人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.

2）体态；风姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.

3）人物；名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.

4）数字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures

14.1）aggressiveadj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的

e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。

anaggressivesalesman——干劲很大的售货员aggressiveweapons攻击

性武器

2）aggressivelyadv.气概汹汹地3）aggressionn.侵略（行动）aggressorn.

侵略者

15.intheflesh活生生，本人，亲自fleshn.肌肉；肉

e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh你见过周杰伦本人吗？

fleshandblood肉体，血肉之躯e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillflesh

andblood.

loseflesh减肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的

16.preference

1）更加的宠爱，偏爱[U][C][（+for）]

e.g.Awindowseatismypreference.我宠爱靠窗的座位。

2）偏爱的事物（或人）[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee

3)偏袒[U][(+for)]

e.g.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.

4)优先(权)；实惠权[U][C]inpreferenceto优先于haveapreference

for偏爱

e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.

I'dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.

17.appealvi.

1)呼吁，请求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomefor

help.

2)诉诸，求助[(+to)]e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesof

information.3)有吸弓I力，迎合爱好[(+to)]e.g.Theideaappealedto

Mary.

4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]

e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.

18.reputationn.名誉，名声[(+for)]

e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.

Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer'sreputation.

liveuptoone'sreputation不负盛名loseone'sreputation失去盛

名

winahighreputation赢得很高的声誉

19.morethan+名词意为“不仅仅”

e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.

1)morethan+数词，意为"超过"相当于over,其反义词组为lessthan。

e.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.

2)"morethan+形容词/副词”是“很”或“特别”的意思。

e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我对你的讲话特别满足。

3)在“more...than...”结构中，确定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”

后面的部分，常译为“是…而不是…”或“与其说…不如说…”。

e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.

听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是胆怯不如说是感到很惊异。

20.contemporaryl)adj.当代的；同时代的；同年龄的

e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.

Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.

becontemporarywith与・•・同时代

e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈

2)n.[C]同时代的人同年龄的人；同时期的东西；当代人，现代人

e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries.他被他的同时代的人

瞧不起。

1.Youhavetobe.Anybodylikeyouwithoutany_____experience

isnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamous

university..

A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realistic

D.real;realistic

2.Sculpturesaresomethingbuttheconceptstheydemonstrateare

,whichtakeswisdomtounderstand

A.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.

specific;conventional

3.Havefaithyourself,befaithfulyourworkandmakeevery

effortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.

A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to

4.Plowingthefieldisthe_meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical

theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.

A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.

contemporary;to

5.Strictmeasureshavetobetoprotectchildrenfromfamily,

abuses.

A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.

attached;adopted

6.Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,toimprovetheir

grades.

A.aimedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.

toaim

7.Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inother

words,nobodyknowsforsurewhoisoftheflowervase.

A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.

withpossession

8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.Ifithappenstobe

anyone'sexperience,weareheretoapologize.

A.bycoincidence;similartoB.byaccident;incoincidence

with

C.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto

9.Whethereuthanasia（安乐死）shouldbemadelegalhasbeenin

thelawcircleformanyyears.

A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.

experimental

10.Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown,whichfollows

everywhereyougowhenthereislight.

A.shadeB.shadowC.figureD.

sculpture

11.Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaven't

seenhim.

A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.inflesh

D.inprivate

12.Allvisitorswereamazedattheskillsandtheartist

whencarvingthefigureonthemarble

A.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayed

C.technology;madeD.technique;displayed

13.Insuchasituation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayand

whatwedo.

A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.

flexible

14.Itasuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthe

future.

A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.

makes

15.Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeoplearecertainf1ower

fragrancewhileothersarenot.

A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.

appealingto

16.Egyptahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrossthe

world

A.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoys

D.isfondof

17.oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingthe

earthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehow

disastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.

A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.

Aplenty

18.Thegirltofigureoutwhattheboy,sattemptwasby

givingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.

A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.

tried;on

19.Visualteachingaidstostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetter

buttheyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.

A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;onthe

otherhand

C.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinterested;on

onehand

20.exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecial

careof_____themfrombeingdamaged.

A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.

Faint;keeping

21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeople

famouspaintings.

A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.

withpreferenceto

22.Thedistrictcommitteehavingabigheadacheinwith

theaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.

A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doing

D.are;doing

23.Pleasegiveusaexplanationwhyyouhavedoneso

ingeometryinschool.

A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderful

D.specific;to;good

24.—Ihearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellme

howtogettoit,sir

---Itis_207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou

A.on;can'tmissitB.at;can'tavoiditC.on;can'tescape

D.at;can'tmissit

25.Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,theirschool

grade.

A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimproving

C.aimedtoimproveD.aimedtoimproving

虚拟语气

一、基本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、

怀疑或推想。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别形式来表示。

二、用法：

（一）用于非真实条件句

1.条件句：

1）真实条件句指假设的状况有可能发生的条件句，用陈述语气。

2）非真实条件句指假设的状况是过去或限制都不存在的，或将来也不大可能

发生的，用虚拟语气

2.if条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：

if条件句主句例句

与现在动词过去式（bewould/cIfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.

事实相用were)ould/sh（我不是你）

反ould/miIfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwould

ght+V原tellyou.（我不知道）

动词过去式（beIfhecame/shouldcome/weretocome

与将来

用were）heretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalkto

事实相

should+V原him.（他来的可能性很小）

反

wereto+V原

【学以致用】

（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwould

certainlygoforanoutingwithyou.

A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had

（二）用壬宾语从旬

1.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

wish后的宾语从句中谓例句

语的形式

与现在事实相反的动词的过去式（be用IwishthatIknewsomething

愿望were）aboutprogramming.

与过去事实相反的过去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn'ttold

愿望ittous.

将来的愿望would/could/should/miIwishhecouldcometomorrow.

ght+V原

【学以致用】

（2011北京高考）一WherearethechildrenThedinner,sgoingtobe

completelyruined.

一Iwishtheyalwayslate.

A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn,tbeD.

wouldn,thavebeen

2.表示主观意愿的动词后,后面宾语从句的谓语动词用“s表示d+动词原形”,

should可省略

如：suggest建议require要求demand要求insist坚持要求

order/command吩咐

e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecompletion

oftheplan.

Theyrequirethatparking(should)beallowedhere.他们要求允

许在此处停车。

Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.他要求她系好平安

而

注：suggest表示“表明，示意"，insist表示“坚持某一说法”时，后宾

语从句用陈述语气。

e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.

他脸上的表情表明他很满足。

Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe

(should)besetfreeatonce.

他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车，并坚持要求立即释放他。

【学以致用】

(2013陕西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweeatoutforachangethis

weekend.

A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.Would

3.wouldrather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

Iwouldratherheleftnow.

现在或将来的愿wouldrather+主语

Iwouldratherhecameearlier

望+动词过去式

tomorrow.

IwouldratherIhadnotlied

与过去事实相反wouldrather+主语

yesterday.

的愿望+动词的过去完成式

（事实上昨天撒谎了）

【学以致用】

（2010江苏高考）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,

butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.

A.focusB.focused