北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市石景山区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末英语试题第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Myjourneyhomefromschoolisnothingspecial.Iusuallyfindaseatandstartcheckingmy___1___,makingsure,likeeveryoneelse,nottolookatotherpeople.ButlastTuesdaywas___2___.Iwastextingmyfriendswhenthetrainsuddenlystopped.Thenafteraboutfiveminutes,peoplewerestartingtogetabit___3___.Thentheannouncementcame:“Wearesorrytoannouncethatthistrainisdelayed.Atrainisbadlybrokendowninfrontofus.”Therewasaloudgroan(叹息)throughoutthecarriagebutthensomethingunexpectedhappened:___4___strangersstartedtalkingtoeachother.Atfirst,everyonejustcomplainedaboutthe___5___,butthenpeoplestartedtalkingaboutrealthings.Ichattedtoacoupleofyoungtouristssittingoppositeme.ThenIdecidedtogoforawalkdownthetrain.Imetawomanwhohadbeena___6___atmyschoolseveralyearsbefore.Peopleofferedeachotherfoodanddrink.Ayoungwomantookher___7___andsoonweweresingingalong.Thenweheardasickboyinanotherpartofthetrainneededhelp,andthewomanfrommyschooljumpedintoaction.Itturnedoutshewasanurse,andwhenshecamebackshewaswelcomedasa___8___.Then,aftertwoandahalfhours,westartedmovingagain.Everyone___9___andsomepeople,completestrangersthreehoursbefore,evenhugged.ItookthetrainagainonWednesdaybutnothing____10____.I’llneverforgetthedaythetrainstoppedandpeoplestartedtalking.1.A.phone B.seat C.purse D.mistake2.A.excellent B.horrible C.different D.desperate3.A.embarrassed B.upset C.surprised D.satisfied4.A.angry B.gentle C.unlucky D.complete5.A.seats B.trains C.strangers D.schools6.A.student B.nurse C.teacher D.driver7.A.baby B.textbook C.food D.guitar8.A.mother B.doctor C.hero D.winner9.A.jumped B.chatted C.cheered D.cried10.A.passed B.changed C.happened D.disappeared——★参考答案★——1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.D8.C9.C10.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述自己从学校回家所乘坐火车的一次难忘的经历。【1题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我通常找个座位，然后开始看手机，像其他人一样，确保不看别人。A.phone电话；B.seat座位；C.purse钱包；D.mistake错误。根据后文的“Iwastextingmyfriends”可知，“我”在看手机。故选A项。【2题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但上周二的情况有所不同。A.excellent优秀的；B.horrible可怕的；C.different不同的；D.desperate绝望的。根据后文的“whenthetrainsuddenlystopped.”可知，火车突然停了下来，这与平时的情况不同。故选C项。【3题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大约五分钟后，人们开始有点心烦意乱。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.upset不高兴的，烦恼的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.satisfied满意的。根据前文的“thetrainsuddenlystopped,Thenafteraboutfiveminutes”可知，火车突然停了下来，过了五分钟没有消息，人们不知道原因，故开始有点心烦意乱。故选B项。【4题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个车厢都发出了巨大的叹息，但随后发生了一件意想不到的事情：完全陌生的人开始互相交谈。A.angry愤怒的；B.gentle温和的；C.unlucky倒霉的；D.complete完全的。根据下文“somepeople,completestrangersthreehoursbefore,evenhugged.”可知，坐车的人是完全陌生的人，故选D项。【5题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，每个人都只是抱怨火车，但后来人们开始谈论真实的事情。A.seats座位；B.trains列车；C.strangers陌生人；D.schools学校。根据前文的“Thentheannouncementcame:“Wearesorrytoannouncethatthistrainisdelayed.Atrainisbadlybrokendowninfrontofus.””可知，火车不得不停下，故人们抱怨火车。故选B项。【6题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我遇到了一位女士，她几年前曾是我们学校的学生。A.student学生；B.nurse护士；C.teacher老师；D.driver驾驶员。根据后文的“atmyschoolseveralyearsbefore”可知，几年前这位女士是作者所在学校的是学生。故选A项。【7题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻女子拿起吉他，很快我们就一起跟着唱了起来。A.baby婴儿；B.textbook课本；C.food食物；D.guitar吉他。根据后文的“soonweweresingingalong”可知，我们就一起跟着吉他唱了起来。故选D项。【8题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：原来她是一名护士，当她回来时，她受到了英雄般的欢迎。A.mother母亲；B.doctor医生；C.hero英雄；D.winner赢家。根据前文的“Thenweheardasickboyinanotherpartofthetrainneededhelp,andthewomanfrommyschooljumpedintoaction.”可知，听到火车另一部分有个生病的男孩需要帮助，“我们”学校的那位女士立刻行动起来，故人们把她当作英雄。故选C项。【9题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都欢呼起来，一些三小时前完全陌生的人甚至拥抱在一起。A.jumped跳；B.chatted聊天；C.cheered欢呼；D.cried哭。根据前文的“Then,aftertwoandahalfhours,westartedmovingagain.”可知，火车再次开动了，每个人都欢呼起来。故选C项。【10题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：星期三我又坐了火车，但什么也没发生。A.passed通过；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.disappeared消失。根据前文的“ItookthetrainagainonWednesdaybutnothing”和上文作者火车上发生的事情可知，这次坐火车没有发生意外的事情。故选C项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。LastFridayPeta-Lynn,a13-year-oldgirlfromDarwin,savedamanfromahugecrocodile.Mr.Grahamwasstandinginshallowwaternearhisboat____11____acrocodilegrabbedhisleftarm.Peta-Lynnrushedtohelpandpulledhimfree.Whilethey____12____(head)fortheshore,thecrocodileattackedforthesecondtime.ItbitMr.Graham’srightlegandcutitbadly.Peta-Lynndraggedhimupthebankto____13____(safe).——★参考答案★——11.when12.headed13.safety【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了上周五，一个来自达尔文的13岁女孩Peta-Lynn从一只巨大的鳄鱼手中救下了一名男子的故事。【11题详析】考查固定句型。句意：格雷厄姆站在船附近的浅水区时，一条鳄鱼咬住了他的左臂。结合句意和空前的wasstanding可知，本空填when，引导时间状语从句。固定句型bedoing...when...，意为“正在做某事，这时……”。故填when。【12题详析】考查动词时态。句意：当他们向岸边游去时，鳄鱼第二次袭击了他们。headfor意为“前往”，是固定搭配。根据第一句中的LastFriday(上周五)和空后的attacked可知，此处应用一般过去时，head的过去式是headed。故填headed。【13题详析】考查名词。句意：佩塔-林恩把他拖到岸边安全的地方。safe意为“安全的”，是形容词，此处应用其名词形式safety“安全”，作介词to的宾语。故填safety。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mostpeoplehavedictionariesintheirhomes.TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryreachedevenmorepeoplewhenitwentonline____14____2000.TheDictionaryismadeupof60millionwordsoftext,anddescribesnearly750,000terms,____15____havebeenusedinEnglishoverthepastthousandyears.Becausethelanguage____16____(grow)allthetime,theOEDisbeingrevised.Everyfewmonthsduringthenext10years,thousandsofnewwordswillbereleasedonline.——★参考答案★——14.in15.which16.isgrowing【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《牛津英语词典》的发展。【14题详析】考查介词。句意：2000年《牛津英语词典》上线后，它的读者群更广。年份前用介词in，根据空后的2000可知，本空填介词in。in2000意为“在2000年”。故填in。【15题详析】考查定语从句。句意：《牛津英语大词典》收录了6000万单词，描述了近75万个英语词汇，这些词汇在过去的一千年里一直在使用。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是750,000terms，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。【16题详析】考查动词时态。句意：由于这种语言一直在发展，《牛津英语词典》也在进行修订。动词grow意为“发展”。根据空后的allthetime和isbeingrevised可知，Because引导的原因状语从句时态用现在进行时，且主语thelanguage为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。故填isgrowing。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给〖提示〗词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出〖提示〗词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Topredictistoguesswhatcomesnext.Makingpredictionsisareadingstrategy,inwhichreadersuseinformationfromatextandtheirownpersonalexperiences____17____(anticipate)whattheyareabouttoread,____18____(help)studentsmakeconnectionsbetweentheirpriorknowledgeandthetext.Predictingisalsoaprocessskill____19____(use)inscience.Inthiscontext,aprediction____20____(make)abouttheoutcomeofafutureeventbaseduponapatternofevidence.——★参考答案★——17.toanticipate18.helping19.used20.ismade【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。预测是一种阅读策略，读者利用文本中的信息和自己的个人经历来预测他们将要阅读的内容，帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系。【17题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：预测是一种阅读策略，读者利用文本中的信息和自己的个人经历来预测他们将要阅读的内容，帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系。短语usesth.todosth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填toanticipate。【18题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：预测是一种阅读策略，读者利用文本中的信息和自己的个人经历来预测他们将要阅读的内容，帮助学生在他们的先验知识和文本之间建立联系。分析句子结构可知help与逻辑主语strategy构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填helping。【19题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：预测也是科学中使用的一种过程技能。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词skill，use与逻辑主语skill构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填used。【20题详析】考查时态语态。句意：在这种情况下，基于证据模式对未来事件的结果进行预测。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Predictingisalso可知，句子描述一般性事实，所以此处为一般现在时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，谓语用单数。故填ismade。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AArt,Culture&PerformancesinArizonaArtontheWildSideThreeofArizona’sfavoritepainterswillexhibittheirlatestworksinspiredbythenaturalworldintheiruniquestyles.Throughthisexhibit,guestscanengageintheZoo’smissiontocareforthenaturalworld.Date:February1-April31,2020Location:455NGalvinPkwy,Phoenix,AZ85008Price:$90Always...PatsyClineAlways...PatsyClineisamusicalplay,completewithcountryhumor,trueemotion,andevensomeaudienceparticipation,includesmanyofPatsy’sunforgettablehitssuchas“Crazy”“IFalltoPieces”,“SweetDreams”,and“WalkingAfterMidnight”...27songsinall!Date:June14-21,2020Location:HaleTheater,50WestPageAvenue,Gilbert,AZ85233Price:$65TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaBestfriendsValentineandProteuschoosedifferentpathsinlifeonlytorunintoeachotheragainwhentheybothfallinlovewiththesamewoman.TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaisoneofShakespeare'searliestplays,hisfirstcomedyandalsooneofthemostrarelyperformedplaysinthecanon.Date:July18-25,2020Location:ScottsdaleDesertStagesTheatre,7014ECamelbackRd,Scottsdale,AZ85251Price:$28MandyMooreMandyMooreisgivingaconcertinourcity!Sheistouringtosupportherupcomingalbum.Mandy'sseventhstudioworkSilverLandingssettobereleasedonSeptember6.Date:September27-October3,2020Location:111N3rdStPhoenix,AZ85004Price:$4221.Whencanyougotoanexhibitionofpaintings?A.InMarch. B.InJune. C.InJuly. D.InSeptember.22.WherecanyougoifyouareinterestedinShakespeare’splays?A.ArtontheWildSide. B.Always...PatsyCline.C.TheTwoGentlemenofVerona. D.MandyMoore.23.Howmuchwillyoupayifyouwanttoenjoyaconcert?A.$28. B.$42. C.$65. D.$90.——★参考答案★——21.A22.C23.B【语篇解读】本文为应用文，是一则有关艺术表演的广告，涉及到画展､音乐剧､戏剧和音乐会等多种艺术形式。【21题详析】细节理解题。第一则广告中，ArtontheWildSide是关于亚利桑那州著名画家的展览，根据其描述“Date:February1-April31,2020”其表演时间从2月初开始，到4月底结束，可以在3月观看该画展，故选A。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据第三则广告中的描述“TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaisoneofShakespeare'searliestplays”可知，TheTwoGentlemenofVerona是一场莎士比亚的戏剧，对莎士比亚感兴趣的观众可以观看该表演，故选C。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据题目中的“concert”可定位到原文中的广告MandyMoore，且具有唯一性，只有这一则广告符合“MandyMooreisgivingaconcertinourcity!”从其描述“Price:$42”可知，MandyMoore将进行音乐会的巡回演出，票价为42美元，故选B。BItwashisfinalclimbtoreachthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.WhenChristopherKulishfinallyreachedMountEverest’s29,035-footpeak,hejoinedagroupknownasthe“SevenSummitsClub”.Butthe62-year-oldColoradolawyerdiedsuddenlyMondayafterreturningtothefirstcampbelowthemountain’ssummit.He’sthesecondAmericantodieinthepastweekafterreachingEverest’shighestpoint.Hisfamilybelievesthecausewasaheartattack.Lastweek,55-year-oldDonaldCashdiedjustafterreachingtheEverestpeak.Healsohadreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.IncludingChristopherandCash,atleast11peoplehavediedonMountEverestthisyear.Thedeathscomeamongreportsofovercrowdingonthepopularmountain.TheNepaligovernmentgrantedatotalof381permitstoclimbEverestthisyear,anumberthatdoesn’tincludeguideswhoareonthemountainaswell.Forsomeclimbers,thattraffichasmeantlongerwaittime—sometoldtheHimalayanTimesthewaithasexceededtwohoursbetweenthelastcampandthepeak.“Whenthere’sacrowd,beingamoreexperiencedclimberwon’thelpyou,”MountaineerO’Brien,whohasalsoclimbedthesevensummits,said.“Whenaclimberisstuckinthattraffic,theirbodyisstartingtodeteriorate(恶化)andthedescentisoftenharderthantheclimb.”“There’snosimpleexplanationforthestringofdeaths,”climbingexpertAlanArnettesaid.“Weatherisonefactorcausingovercrowding.Meanwhile,thecosttoclimbMountEveresthasdecreased,whichmeansmorepeoplearemakingthejourney.”Still,Christopherwasnobeginner.Hisfamilysaidhe’dbeenmountainclimbingforfivedecades.Hearrivedatthebasecampnearlytwomonthsbeforehisclimbsohecouldgivehimselftimetoadapttotheconditions.Hisbrother,MarkKulish,describedbeingalawyerasa“dayjob”forChristopher.Climbingwashispassion.24.WhatmadelongerwaittimeonMountEverest?A.Lackingguides. B.Overcrowding.C.Badweather. D.GettingGovernment’spermission.25.WhydidChristopherarriveatthebasecampsoearlybeforeclimbing?A.Towaitforhisfriends. B.Tolearnaboutthemountain.C.Toclearthetrafficjam. D.Toadapttoconditionsearlier.26.WhatdoweknowaboutChristopher?A.Hejoinedthe“SevenSummitsClub”atthebasecamp.B.Hehasreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.C.HediedfromaheartattackbelowtheMountEverest’speak.D.11peoplefollowinghimdiedafterreachingtheEverestpeakthisyear.——★参考答案★——24.B25.D26.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了资深登山爱好者ChristopherKulish在攀登七大洲最高峰返回时在第一个营地突然死亡，文章说明了造成攀登最高峰人员死亡的原因以及Christopher的生平事迹。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Thedeathscomeamongreportsofovercrowdingonthepopularmountain.(有报道称，这座颇受欢迎的山峰过于拥挤，造成了这些死亡)”以及下文“Forsomeclimbers,thattraffichasmeantlongerwaittime—sometoldtheHimalayanTimesthewaithasexceededtwohoursbetweenthelastcampandthepeak.(对一些登山者来说，这样的拥挤意味着更长的等待时间——一些人告诉《喜马拉雅时报》，从最后一个营地到山顶已经等了两个多小时)”由此可知，过度拥挤使得珠峰上的等待时间更长。故选B。【25题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Hearrivedatthebasecampnearlytwomonthsbeforehisclimbsohecouldgivehimselftimetoadapttotheconditions.(他在登山前两个月就到达了大本营，这样他就有时间适应环境。)”可知，Christopher在开始攀登前很早就到达了大本营，是为了更早适应气候条件。故选D。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Itwashisfinalclimbtoreachthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.WhenChristopherKulishfinallyreachedMountEverest’s29,035-footpeak,hejoinedagroupknownasthe“SevenSummitsClub”.(这是他攀登七大洲最高峰的最后一次攀登。当ChristopherKulish最终登上珠穆朗玛峰29035英尺高的山峰时，他加入了一个名为“七峰俱乐部”的精英组织)；以及第二段“Lastweek,55-year-oldDonaldCashdiedjustafterreachingtheEverestpeak.Healsohadreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.IncludingChristopherandCash,atleast11peoplehavediedonMountEverestthisyear.(上周，55岁的唐纳德·卡什在登顶珠峰后不久去世。他还登上了七大洲的最高点。包括克里斯托弗和卡什在内，今年至少有11人在珠穆朗玛峰上死亡。)”由此可知，Christopher已经登上了七大洲的最高点。故选B。CWorkingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.Adolescentswhoroutinelyengagedinlighttointenseexerciseshowedlong-termimprovementsintheiracademicperformance,theBritishJournalofSportsMedicinestudyreported.“Ourstudysuggeststhattheeffectofphysicalactivitymaybequitelarge,”JohnReilly,aprofessorattheUniversityofStrathclydesaid.Theresearcherslookedatasampleofabout5000childrenwhowereinvolvedinalong-termstudythattrackschildrenbornintheU.K.between2004and2005.Whenchildrenreached11yearsold,theirdailyphysicalactivitylevelsweremeasuredusinganaccelerometer(加速器)forthreetosevendays.Thedevice,similartoapedometer(计步器)trackingthenumberofstepstaken,recordedtheaveragetimechildrenexercised,whichwas29minutesadayforboysand18forgirls.“Theactuallevelsofdailyphysicalactivityatage11werequitelow,”Mr.Reillynoted.Thechildrenhadtheiracademicperformancetestedatages11and13withcompulsorynationaltestsforstudents,andalsoat15or16withtheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)exam.Thetestsassessedthechildren’sabilitiesinEnglish,mathandsciencesubjects.Theresultsshowedthatthemorechildrenparticipatedinlighttointensephysicalactivity,thehighertheirtestscoreswereatage11inallthreesubjects.Forgirls,sciencescoresweremoststronglylinkedtoexercise.Whenchildrenweretestedagainatage13,theiracademicscoreswerestilllinkedtohowmuchtheyhadexercisedwhentheywere11yearsold.BythetimetheyoungsterstooktheGCSEexam,each17-minute-per-dayincreaseinphysicalactivityfortheboyswaslinkedtoanimprovementintheirscores.Everyadditional12-minuteincreaseadayinexerciseforthegirlswasalsolinkedtoanincreasedscore,especiallyinthesciencecategory.Theresearchershavecalledformorestudiestolookatthepossibleacademicbenefitsthatcouldbederivedifstudentsexercisedtherecommended60minutesormoreaday.27.What’sthestudyabout?A.Thesecretsofstudents’rankinghighinclass.B.Theinfluenceofexerciseonstudents’scores.C.Thecausesofstudents’participatinginsports.D.Thewaysofimprovingstudents’physicalconditions.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Studentsatage11domoreexercisethanatotherages.B.Boysatage13getmorebenefitsbydoingmoreexercise.C.Girls’sciencescoresaremorecloselyrelatedtoexercise.D.Moreandmorestudentsdoexercisetoimprovetheirscores.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“derived”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Maintained. B.Reduced. C.Concluded. D.Obtained.30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexercise.B.Toexplaintheacademicdifferencebetweenboysandgirls.C.Topresentamethodtoimprovechildren’sacademicperformance.D.Tointroduceastudyontherelevancebetweenexerciseandacademicbenefits.——★参考答案★——27.B28.C29.D30.D【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了锻炼能帮助提高青少年学习成绩的研究结果。【27题详析】细节理解题。由第一段中“Workingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.(一项新的研究表明，锻炼可以帮助青少年提高成绩)”可知，这项研究是关于锻炼提高青少年学习成绩的，即运动对学生成绩的影响。故选B项。【28题详析】细节理解题。由第三段中“Forgirls,sciencescoresweremoststronglylinkedtoexercise.(对于女孩子来说，科学的成绩跟运动密切相关)”可知，研究显示女孩子的成绩跟运动关系更加密切。故选C项。【29题详析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词所在句“lookatthepossibleacademicbenefits(看看可能的好处。)”和“ifstudentsexercisedtherecommended60minutesormoreaday.(如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间)”可知，研究人员呼吁进行更多的研究，看看如果学生每天锻炼建议的60分钟或更长时间，可能得到的学术益处。再根据上文的研究结果可知，锻炼能够带来习成绩的提高。所以可以推断出画线词的意思是“得到；获得”的意思。A.Maintained维护；B.Reduced减少；C.Concluded得出结论；D.Obtained获得。故选D项。【30题详析】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Workingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.(一项新的研究表明，锻炼可以帮助青少年提高成绩。)”可知，文章介绍一项关于锻炼与学业益处之间相关性的研究。故选D。DInJune2022,HuffingtonPostandMailOnlinereportedthatthree-year-oldVictoriaWilcher,whohadsufferedfacialscarring(结疤),hadbeenkickedoutofaKFCbecauseshewasfrighteningcustomers.Later,KFCannouncedthatnoevidencehadbeenfoundtosupportthestory.Thisphenomenonislargelyaproductoftheincreasingpressureinnewsroomsthatcaremoreabouttrafficfigures.BrookeBinkowski,aneditor,saysthat,duringhercareer,shehasseenashifttowardslesseditorialoversightinnewsrooms.“Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.Notallnewsroomsarelikethis,butalotofthemare.”Askedwhatthedrivingfactorwas,ajournalistsaid,“Thereisundoubtedlypressuretochurnout(粗制滥造)storiesinordertogetclicks,becausetheyequalmoney.Atmyformeremployerinparticular,thepressurewasonduetothelimitedresources.Thatmadetheenvironmentquitehorribletoworkin.”InaFebruary2023reportforDigitalJournalism,CraigSilvermanwrote,“Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.Withinminutesorhours,abadlysourcedreportcanbechangedintoastorythatisrepeatedbydozensofnewswebsites,resultingintensofthousandsofshares.Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief.Thus,therumorsimplybecomestrueforreaders.”And,inspiteofthedirectionthatsomenewsroomsseemtobeheadingin,acriticaleyeisbecomingmore,notlessimportant,accordingtotheNewYorkTimes’publiceditor,MargaretSullivan.“Reportersandeditorshavetobemorecarefulthaneverbefore.It’sextremelyimportanttoquestionandtouseeveryverification(验证)methodavailablebeforepublication.”Yetthoseworkinginnewsroomstalkofdoubtfulstoriesbeingtoleratedbecause,inthewordsofsomesenioreditors,“aclickisaclick,regardlessoftheadvantageofastory”.And,“ifthestorydoesturnouttobefalse,it’ssimplyachanceforanotherbiteatthecherry.”Verificationandfact-checkingareregularlyfallingvictimtothepressuretobringinthenumbers,andiftheonlyresultofbeingcaughtoutisanotherchancetobringintheclicks,thatlooksunlikelytochange.31.AccordingtoBrookeBinkowski,newsroomsproducefalsenewsbecause.A.clicksmatteralot B.resourcesarelimitedC.moneyisneededfornews D.journalistslackexperience32.WhatdoesCraigSilverman’sremarkprobablymean?A.Liescan’tsellwithoutanatomoftruth.B.Rumorsarelikeaflameblownbythewind.C.Youcanhearrumors,butyoucan’tknowthem.D.Alie,repeatedfrequentlyenough,willendupastruth.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewsrooms?A.Pessimistic. B.Supportive. C.Subjective. D.Sympathetic.34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Consequencesoffalsestories. B.Causesofonlinefalsenews.C.Inabilityofjournalists. D.Acrazetogetclicks.——★参考答案★——31.A32.D33.A34.B【语篇解读】本文是说明文。主要介绍了网络或者报纸上有时会出现某些虚假消息并对其发生原因进行了分析，同时指出对此网站或者报纸编辑室应该高度重视。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“BrookeBinkowski,aneditor,saysthat,duringhercareer,shehasseenashifttowardslesseditorialoversightinnewsrooms.“Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.Notallnewsroomsarelikethis,butalotofthemare.”(编辑BrookeBinkowski表示，在她的职业生涯中，她看到新闻编辑室的编辑监督越来越少。“点击率为王，所以新闻编辑室会不加批判地刊登一些不真实的东西。”不是所有的新闻编辑室都是这样，但很多都是。”)”可知，点击率是非常重要的东西，因此新闻编辑室有时会错误地报道某些新闻。故选A。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“InaFebruary2023reportforDigitalJournalism,CraigSilvermanwrote,“Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.Withinminutesorhours,abadlysourcedreportcanbechangedintoastorythatisrepeatedbydozensofnewswebsites,resultingintensofthousandsofshares.Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief.Thus,therumorsimplybecomestrueforreaders.”(克雷格·西尔弗曼在2023年2月为《数字新闻》撰写的一份报告中写道：“今天，值得关注的东西的标准似乎要低得多。在几分钟或几小时内，一篇来源不佳的报道就可能变成一篇文章，被数十家新闻网站反复转载，导致数万次转发。一旦达到一定的临界质量，重复就会对信念产生强大的影响。因此，对读者来说，谣言就变成了真的。”)”可推知，克雷格·西尔弗曼的话意思是：谣言一旦被广泛传播就回掩盖事实成为读者们眼中的真相。故选D。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Reportersandeditorshavetobemorecarefulthaneverbefore.It’sextremelyimportanttoquestionandtouseeveryverification(验证)methodavailablebeforepublication.”Yetthoseworkinginnewsroomstalkofdoubtfulstoriesbeingtoleratedbecause,inthewordsofsomesenioreditors,“aclickisaclick,regardlessoftheadvantageofastory”.And,“ifthestorydoesturnouttobefalse,it’ssimplyachanceforanotherbiteatthecherry.”(“记者和编辑必须比以往任何时候都更加小心。在发表之前，质疑并使用所有可用的验证方法是非常重要的。”然而，那些在新闻编辑室工作的人说，可疑的报道被容忍了，因为，用一些资深编辑的话来说，“点击一下就是点击一下，不管报道有什么好处”。而且，“如果这个故事最终被证明是假的，这只是一个再次咬樱桃的机会。”)”可推知，作者对新闻编辑室的态度是否定的。故选A。【34题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“InJune2022,HuffingtonPostandMailOnlinereportedthatthree-year-oldVictoriaWilcher,whohadsufferedfacialscarring(结疤),hadbeenkickedoutofaKFCbecauseshewasfrighteningcustomers.Later,KFCannouncedthatnoevidencehadbeenfoundtosupportthestory.Thisphenomenonislargelyaproductoftheincreasingpressureinnewsroomsthatcaremoreabouttrafficfigures.(2022年6月，赫芬顿邮报和邮报在线报道，三岁的维多利亚·威尔彻因面部疤痕被肯德基开除，因为她吓到了顾客。随后，肯德基宣布没有发现任何证据支持这一说法。这种现象在很大程度上是新闻编辑部越来越大的压力的产物，他们更关心流量数据)”可知，文章从2014年6月《赫芬顿邮报》和《邮报在线》报道的三岁的维多利亚·威尔彻因脸上的疤痕吓到顾客而被被赶出肯德基这一假新闻为例介绍了网络上或者报纸上有时会出现某些虚假消息，接下来文章对其发生原因进行了分析，同时指出对此网站或者报纸编辑室应该高度重视。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtobuildpatienceabilitiesWhat’sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.____35____Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行动物的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.____36____Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.____37____Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.____38____Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat’sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat’shappening,theresistance.____39____Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing.Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A.Practicepositiveself-talk.B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D.Weallhavethem,andwecangrowbeyondthem.E.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.F.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.G.Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.——★参考答案★——35.E36.D37.B38.G39.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了培养耐心的有效方法。【35题详析】根据后文“Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.(推荐一些有效的方法来训练自己，让自己在工作中少一些痛苦和烦恼。)”提出文章中要推荐一些有效的方法来训练自己，即，提出了解决困难的方法，那么，设空句应讲述“困难”，以构成前后文之间的“提出困难到解决困难”的逻辑关系。选项E“Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.(但事实上，成功地建立它们需要努力。)”中“成功地建立它们需要努力”可看作为培养耐心的困难所在，符合语境分析，且句中“tobuildthem”与前文“buildingpatienceabilities”相呼应，前后衔接紧密。故选E项。【36题详析】根据前文“Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.(因此，培养耐心的第一步是接触与耐心相反的令人上瘾的品质——愤怒、不耐烦、责备和羞耻。)”提出了一些不好的情绪和品质，那么，设空句应承接此话题继续讲述与这些情绪和品质有关的内容。选项D“Weallhavethem,andwecangrowbeyondthem.(我们都拥有它们，我们可以超越它们。)”中的代词“them”指代前文提及的一些不好的情绪和品质，在句意上与该段首句“Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.(了解愤怒和不耐烦的成瘾性。)”首尾照应。故选D项。【37题详析】根据前文“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.(但问题是，我们痛苦的根源并不是外在的东西，而是我们的思维方式。)”提出痛苦的根源在于思维方式，即，内部。那么设空句承接此原因总结解决途径——从内部解决。选项B“Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.(所以解决疼痛的方法是内在的。)”在句意上符合分析，“So”表达“因此，所以”含义，与前文构成因果关系，前后衔接紧密。故选B项。【38题详析】根据后文“Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.(但要真正关心自己，就要对你内心此刻发生的事情感到好奇。)”提出要对内心的痛苦感到好奇，结合该句的“But”表达转折含义可推知，设空句应是与其句意相反，即，不关注内在痛苦，并提出关注的另一个方面。选项G“Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.(我们忽略了我们处于痛苦中的事实，并完全专注于解决问题。)”在句意上符合分析，提到的“完全专注于解决问题”即为另一个方面，与后文构成转折关系。故选G项。【39题详析】分析可知，设空句为该段的主旨句。根据后文“Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing.Youcansaytoyourself,‘It’strue.Idon’tliket