江西省江西科技学院附属中学2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

江科附中20232024学年第一学期高二期末考试英语试卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemandoatseveno’clocktomorrowevening?A.Phonethewoman.B.Attendameeting.C.Havesupper.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpayforadozenredrosesnow?A.15dollars.B.17dollars.C.20dollars.3.Whendidthewomanwanttobeawriter?A.Whenshewasakid.B.Whensheworkedatabookstore.C.Whenshehadsomebookspublished.4.Wheredoesthesmellprobablyefrom?A.Thekitchen.B.Thebedroom.C.Thelivingroom.5.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时回阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答6、7小题。6.WhatisthewomangoingtodoonSaturdayafternoon?A.Gotoafestival.B.Takeaparttimejob.C.Meetherfriends.7.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inapany.C.Inafactory.听下面一段对话，回答8至10小题。8.Wheredoesthemanefrom?A.Birmingham.B.Ohio.C.LosAngeles.9.Howlongwillthewomanstaythere?A.Twodays.B.Threedays.C.Twoweeks.10.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing?A.Waitingfortheirfriends.B.visitingseveralplacesofinterest.C.Spendingaholiday.听下面一段对话，回答11至14小题。11.Whoneedstobenursedintheman’sfamily?A.Hiswife.B.Hismom.C.Hiskid.12.Whyissomeoneinhenfortiespreferable?A.Shelikestakingcareofoldpeople.B.Shecanlivewiththeman’smother.C.Sheismorepatientandexperienced.13.Howmuchisaliveinnursingworker’smonthlysalaryatleast?A.3,400dollars.B.4,300dollars.C.5,000dollars.14.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Checktheworkers.B.Filloutaform.C.Meetanursingworker.听下面一段对话，回答15至17小题。15.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtolearnalanguagewell.B.Whenthecoursewillbefinished.C.Whichcoursetheyshouldtake.16.Whatmightthewomando?A.Takeanadvancedclass.B.Getaprivatetutor.C.Getaparttimejob.17.Whoarethespeakersprobably?A.ForeignstudentsinChina.B.OverseasChinesestudents.C.ExperiencedChineselearners.听下面一段独白，回答18至20小题。18.Whatdidthewoman’sfatherthinkofherplan?A.Itwasafantasticidea.B.Itwasn’tsuitableforher.C.Itwasn’taninterestingsport.19.Howdidthewomanfeelbeforethemarathonstarted?A.Painful.B.Nervous.C.Confident.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’sfather?A.Heoffendedherdaughteralittle.B.Heknewhisdaughterverymuch.C.Hepromisedtohelphisdaughtertrain.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASinceitslaunchin1981,ChinaDailyhasservedavitalroleintellingtheworldaboutChinaandprovidingvaluableinsightintotheworld’ssecondlargesteconomy.Thefollowingaresomebrandingevents,conductedbyit,whichhaveadvancedpublicdiplomacy(外交)andinternationalmunication.VisionChinaLecturesAseriesoftalksareorganizedbyChinaDailyinwhichleadingpoliticalandbusinessfiguresareinvitedtospeakandinteractlivewithdomesticandforeignaudiences.TheVisionChinalecturesfocusonmajorissuesfacingChinaandtheworldandexplorewhatChina’ssuccessfulstoriesmeanfortheworldandhowChinesewisdomcanhelptheworld.ChinaWatchThinkTankForumElites(精英),includingopinionleaders,politiciansandbusinesspersonswithexpertise(专业知识)onChina,discusstopicsonthedevelopmentsandthefutureofChinaandtheworldinChinaWatchThinkTankForum.AsiaLeadershipRoundtableTheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformforhighleveldialogueandmunicationamongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessandacademiainAsia.TESOLChinaAssemblyOrganizedbyChinaDailyinpartnershipwithTESOLInternationalAssociation(TeachersofEnglishtoSpeakersofOtherLanguages),TESOLChinaAssemblyisahighlevelinternationalEnglishLanguageTeaching(ELT)eventinChina.ItaimstopromotescholarshipandcrossculturalunderstandingamongEnglisheducatorsinChina,andtoenhancedialoguebetweenChina’sELTprofessionalswiththeirpeersworldwide.1.Whatcanparticipantsof“VisionChinaLectures”get?A.Somepracticalskillsofpublicspeaking.B.SomewisdomimpliedintheChinesefictionalstories.C.SomehelpfulinspirationsandexperienceofdevelopmentofChina.D.Somedifferencesoflifestylebetweendomesticandforeignaudiences.2.WhomaynotbeinvitedtoattendAsiaLeadershipRoundtable?A.EconomistsfromJapan. B.ManagersfromGermany.C.FinanceMinisterofIndia. D.TheheadofPeople’sBankofChina.3.WhichofthefollowingmayinterestteachersofELTinChina?A.TESOLChinaAssembly. B.VisionChinaLectures.C.AsiaLeadershipRoundtable. D.ChinaWatchThinkTankForum.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是《中国日报》举办的一些促进公共外交和国际交流的品牌推广活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据VisionChinaLectures部分中的“TheVisionChinalecturesfocusonmajorissuesfacingChinaandtheworldandexplorewhatChina’ssuccessfulstoriesmeanfortheworldandhowChinesewisdomcanhelptheworld.(“中国愿景”讲座围绕中国和世界面临的重大问题，探讨中国成功故事对世界的意义和中国智慧如何帮助世界。)”可知，与会者能获得中国发展的经验及其带来的有益启示。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据AsiaLeadershipRoundtable部分中的“TheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformforhighleveldialogueandmunicationamongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessandacademiainAsia.(《中国日报》亚洲领袖圆桌会议为亚洲政界、商界和学术界的领袖和社会精英提供了一个高层对话和交流的平台。)”可知，亚洲领导人，政治家，企业家和学术界的社会精英将被邀请，而德国不属于亚洲。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据TESOLChinaAssembly部分中“ItaimstopromotescholarshipandcrossculturalunderstandingamongEnglisheducatorsinChina,andtoenhancedialoguebetweenChina’sELTprofessionalswiththeirpeersworldwide.(它旨在促进中国英语教育工作者之间的学术研究和跨文化理解，并加强中国英语专业人士与全球同行之间的对话。)”可知，TESOLChinaAssembly是有关英语教学的大会，所以，在中国从事英语教学的老师会对此感兴趣。故选A项。BWinningaremarkablescienceawardisreallyabigdeal,especiallyifyouare12yearsold.ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.“Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.“Theirremarkableresearchnotonlyreflectstheirtalentbutalsopavesthewayforanexcitingnewfuture.”Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.“Ihadneverreallyexperiencedsomethinglikethatbefore,”shetoldTheWashingtonPostabouttheearlymorningfireatHolder’sCountryInn,whichstartedinthekitchen.“Theyhadsmokedetectors,andyetitstillburneddown,”sheadded.Aftershestudiedfirestatistics,Shayaspentoverayeardevelopingafiredetectionsystemthatshebelievescouldhavepreventedthefire.Unliketraditionalsmokedetectorsthatsenseactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair,Shanya’sthermal(热的)imagingdeviceisdesignedtostopfiresfromoccurring.Withathermalcameraandatinyputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.Shanyawantstobringthecostsdowntomakeitevenmoremonthanhardwiredsmokedetectors.“Shanyasawaproblem,wentafteritandtriedtosolveit,andthat’swhatweneedtoencouragewithallyoungpeople,”saidAjmera.Shealsohighlightedthesignificanceofsupportingindividuals,especiallygirlsandkidsofcolor,inSTEMfields.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutShanyafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shegainedalotofmoneyintheaward.B.Sheshowedacuriousnatureasaschooler.C.Shesetabigstageforyoungpeopleherage.D.Shewasjuniortootherwinnersinperformance.5.WhatmotivatedShanyatodevelopherfiredetectionsystem?A.Herdesiretowinthescienceaward.B.HerexperienceofadestructivefireCHerinterestinputerprogramming.D.HergoaltoimproveSTEMeducationforgirls.6.WhatisanadvantageofShanya’sinvention?A.Itcansendoutawarningagainstapotentialfire.B.Itconsistsoftwopartsthatareeasiertoconduct.C.Itcandetectactivefiresfromthesmokeintheair.D.Itfunctionswhenafirebreaksoutwithin10minutes.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeShanya?A.Reliable. B.Cooperative. C.Innovative. D.Generous.【答案】4.B5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自加州圣何塞的中学生ShanyaGill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统。文章介绍了这种系统开发背后的灵感来源以及优点。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Thetopwinnershaveexhibitedboundlesscuriosity,”MayaAjmerapresidentandCEOofSocietyforScience,saidinthepressrelease.(科学学会主席兼首席执行官玛雅·阿杰梅拉在新闻发布会上说：“顶级获奖者表现出了无限的好奇心。”)”可知，Shanya表现出学者好奇的天性。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Shanya’sinspirationcameafterafiredestroyedarestaurantinherneighborhoodduringthesummerof2022,reportedTheWashingtonPost.(据《华盛顿邮报》报道，Shanya的灵感来自于2022年夏天一场大火烧毁了她家附近的一家餐馆)”可知，经历了一场毁灭性的火灾促使Shanya开发她的火灾探测系统。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Withathermalcameraandatinyputer,thedevicedetectswhenaheatsourcehasbeenleftunattendedfortenminutesandsendsatextmessagewarning.(该设备配备了一个热像仪和一台微型电脑，当热源无人看管超过10分钟时，它就会检测到，并发出短信警告。)”可知，Shanya的发明优点在于可以发出潜在火灾的警告。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ButShanyaGill,amiddleschoolerfromSanJose,California,wonthetopawardintheThermoFisherScientificJuniorInnovatorsChallengefordesigningafiredetectionsystemthatissuperiortoexistingones,asstatedinthepressrelease.(但是，来自加州圣何塞的中学生ShanyaGill在赛默飞世尔科学少年创新者挑战赛中获得了最高奖项，因为她设计了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统)”可推知，Shanya发明了一种优于现有系统的火灾探测系统，说明她很有创新精神。故选C。CInnature,octopuses(章鱼)huntmainlywiththeirsenseoftouch,usingtheireightarmstofeelouttheirenvironmentforhiddencreatures.ResearchersattheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedadifferentwayoctopuseshunt—whentheyidentifyprey(猎物)basedonsight.Thestudyfindingsshowthatthemarinecreaturesarequiteconsistentandmethodicalinhowtheyapproachprey.LeadresearcherTrevorWardillandhisteamplacedCaliforniatwospotoctopusesintowatertanks,hidingthemincaveswheretheywouldhaveoneeyelookingout.Theythenplacedeitherfiddlercrabsorwhiteshrimpinthetankstoseehowtheoctopuseswouldtrytocatchthem,capturingtheinteractionsonvideo.Thecrabsandshrimpbehavedifferentlywhentryingtoescapefrompredators(捕猎者),sousingbothspeciesgavetheresearchersanopportunitytoseewhetherthisledtheoctopusestouseadifferentarmforhuntingdependingontheprey.Wardill’steamfoundthattheoctopusesalmostalwaysusedthesamearmtograbtheirprey.Specifically,thesecondarmfromthemiddleoftheoctopuses’body,onthesamesideoftheirbodyastheeye,caughttheprey.Iftheyneededmorearmstograbprey,theywouldusetheonesnexttothesecondarm.Theoctopusesalsoattackeddifferentlydependingontheprey.Whenfacedwithcrabs,anoctopuswouldmovesuddenlyontopofthecrabwithitswholebody.However,whencatchingshrimp,theoctopuseswouldtakeonearmandreachoutveryslowlytowardtheshrimp,thengrabitandlatch(缠住)ontoitwithitsotherarmstopullitin.Wardillandhisteamhopetodomoreresearch.Theywanttostudytheoctopus’sbrainasitattackspreytodevelopabetterunderstandingofwhatrolethecreature’snervoussystemplaysinselectingthearmsituses.8Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Octopuses’abilitytohideitself. B.Octopuses’waytotrackprey.C.Octopuses’huntingmodeviaeyes. D.Octopuses’methodofperceivingtheenvironment.9Whatcanwelearnabouttheoctopusesinthestudy?A.Theyadoptdifferentstrategiestohunt. B.Theystretcharmsslowlytocatchcrabs.C.Theymovesuddenlytopreyonshrimps. D.Theyusethesecondarmtocatchpreyanytime.10.Whatdoesthefollowuptestaimtofindoutabouttheoctopuses?A.Whetherthey’renervousinhunting. B.Howtheirnervesworkduringhunting.C.Howtheychoosetheirarmsinhunting. D.Whethertheyusetheirbrainduringhunting.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Octopuses:SkillfulHunters B.Octopuses:OnearmedPredatorsC.Octopuses:ASharpeyedSpecies D.Octopuses:AMysteriousCreature【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的研究发现章鱼的狩猎技巧会因为猎物的不同而发生变化，解释了研究开展的经过以及未来研究的方向。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ResearchersattheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedadifferentwayoctopuseshunt—whentheyidentifyprey(猎物)basedonsight.(明尼苏达大学的研究人员最近研究了章鱼捕猎的另一种方式——它们根据视觉来识别猎物)”可知，最近的研究主要关于章鱼通过眼睛的捕猎模式。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theoctopusesalsoattackeddifferentlydependingontheprey.(章鱼的攻击方式也因猎物的不同而不同)”可知，章鱼采用不同的捕猎策略。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theywanttostudytheoctopus’sbrainasitattackspreytodevelopabetterunderstandingofwhatrolethecreature’snervoussystemplaysinselectingthearmsituses.(他们想研究章鱼攻击猎物时的大脑，以便更好地了解这种生物的神经系统在选择它使用的手臂时所起的作用)”可知，接下来的测试是为了了解章鱼的神经在狩猎时是如何工作的。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Innature,octopuses(章鱼)huntmainlywiththeirsenseoftouch,usingtheireightarmstofeelouttheirenvironmentforhiddencreatures.ResearchersattheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedadifferentwayoctopuseshunt—whentheyidentifyprey(猎物)basedonsight.Thestudyfindingsshowthatthemarinecreaturesarequiteconsistentandmethodicalinhowtheyapproachprey.(在自然界中，章鱼主要用它们的触觉捕猎，用它们的八只手臂来感知周围环境，寻找隐藏的生物。明尼苏达大学的研究人员最近研究了章鱼捕猎的另一种方式——它们根据视觉来识别猎物。研究结果表明，海洋生物在接近猎物的方式上是相当一致和有条理的)”结合文章主要说明了最近的研究发现章鱼的狩猎技巧会因为猎物的不同而发生变化，解释了研究开展的经过以及未来研究的方向。故A选项“章鱼：熟练的猎手”最符合文章标题。故选A。DTheGlobalFoodDonationPolicyAtlashasissuedarecentreportinordertoremendwaystoincreasefooddonations,reducefoodwaste,andfighthunger,whichmayhelpKenyanleadersmeet2030foodwastereductiongoals.Fooddonationcanrerouteeatablefood—thatwouldotherwisegiveoffgreenhousegassesinalandfill—tothoseexperiencinghunger.AccordingtotheFamineEarlyWarningSystemsNetwork,3.5millionKenyans,roughly37percentofthepopulation,faceseverehunger.Atthesametime,thePolicyAtlasreportsroughly40percentoffoodproducedwithinKenyagoestowaste.ButBroadLeib,DeputyDirectorofHarvardLawSchoolFoodLawandPolicyClinic(FLPC),seessomepromisingchanges.“Whileprogressisnothappeningasquicklyasneeded,Kenya’sfoodlossindexhasbeensteadilyreducedfrom1,744metrictonsin2017,to1,531in2018,to1,446metrictonsin2019,indicatingasteadyimprovementandnationalmitmenttofoodlossreduction,”reportsBroadLeib.AccordingtothePolicyAtlas,motivatingfooddonationwithrewardsisparticularlyimportant,whichhelpsfooddonorsandfoodrecoveryorganizationsmakeupforcostsnecessaryforrecovery,storing,processing,andtransportingfoodfordonation.“Amajordriveroffoodwasteisinconsistentoruncleardatelabelsthatcauseconfusionamongallactorsalongthevaluechainandlimittheabilityofbusinessestodonatefood.Thisincreasesthelikelihoodthatmuchsafefoodwillgotowaste,”BroadLeibtellsFoodTank.However,heacknowledgesKenya’scurrentdual(双的)datelabelinglaws.Whilefoodmayloseitsfreshnessovertime,itisstilleatablebeforeexpiration(到期).Dualdatelabelingonpackagedfoodsreducesbewildermentbydefiningdatesforbothsafetyandquality.Thishelpsreduceconsiderablewasteandresponsibilityfordonors.BroadLeibbelievesthattheprivatesectorcanalsoplayasignificantroleindecreasingfoodwasteinKenya.Itisvitalforconsumereducationcampaigns.FLPC’sresearchshowsthatpublicprivateinitiativescanhelpraiseawarenessamongconsumersanddonorsaroundissuesoffoodwasteandfooddonation.12.WhatchangesdoesBroadLeibsee?A.PeopleinKenyanolongersufferhunger.B.Kenyahasgraduallyreduceditsfoodwaste.C.Kenyaisnotmittedtoreducingfoodloss.D.Progressinreducingfoodwasteishappeningquickly.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bewilderment”meaninParagraph4?A.Sadness. B.Convenience. C.Confusion. D.Emotion.14.HowcanKenyareducefoodwasteaccordingtoBroadLeib?AByincreasingstorehouses.B.Byfightinghungerwithrewards.C.Byreducingfoodproducedwithinthecountry.D.Byusingdoubledatelabelingonpackagedfood.15.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Consumereducationcampaignsarethemostimportant.B.Onlytheprivatesectorishelpfulinreducingfoodwaste.C.Privateandpublicjointeffortsmatteraroundfoodissues.D.BroadLeibdoesn’tagreewithFLPConfoodwastereduction.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球粮食捐赠政策地图集最近发布了一份报告，提出了增加粮食捐赠、减少粮食浪费和抗击饥饿的方法有助于肯尼亚实现减少粮食浪费的目标。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段BroadLeib报道的“Whileprogressisnothappeningasquicklyasneeded,Kenya’sfoodlossindexhasbeensteadilyreducedfrom1,744metrictonsin2017,to1,531in2018,to1,446metrictonsin2019,indicatingasteadyimprovementandnationalmitmenttofoodlossreduction.(虽然进展没有达到所需的速度，但肯尼亚的粮食损失指数已经从2017年的1744吨稳步下降到2018年的1531吨，再到2019年的1446吨，这表明肯尼亚在稳步改善，并承诺减少粮食损失)”可知，肯尼亚稳步减少了食物浪费。故选B。【13题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段“Amajordriveroffoodwasteisinconsistentoruncleardatelabelsthatcauseconfusionamongallactorsalongthevaluechainandlimittheabilityofbusinessestodonatefood.(造成食物浪费的一个主要原因是日期标签不一致或不清晰，这会导致价值链上所有参与者的困惑，并限制企业捐赠食物的能力)”可知，日期标签不确定性会导致困惑并限制捐赠能力，所以划线所在句中通过明确安全日期与品质日期的方式会减少此类困惑，划线词“bewilderment”此处表示“困惑”的含义。A.Sadness.悲伤；B.Convenience.便利；C.Confusion.困惑；D.Emotion.情感。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Dualdatelabelingonpackagedfoodsreducesbewildermentbydefiningdatesforbothsafetyandquality.Thishelpsreduceconsiderablewasteandresponsibilityfordonors.(包装食品上的双重日期标签通过明确安全和质量日期来减少困惑。这有助于减少大量浪费，对捐助者负责)”可知BroadLib认为使用双日期标签能减少肯尼亚的食物浪费。故选D。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“FLPC’sresearchshowsthatpublicprivateinitiativescanhelpraiseawarenessamongconsumersanddonorsaroundissuesoffoodwasteandfooddonation.(FLPC的研究表明，公私合作可以帮助提高消费者和捐赠者对食物浪费和食物捐赠问题的认识)”可知，针对食品安全问题，需要私营部门和公共部门的共同努力。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Youknowthefeeling—yourearsstarttowarmup,yourtonguegoesnumb(麻木的),andyoustartsweatingandtakingdeepbreaths.You’vejusteatensomethingspicy,knowingitwouldbepainful,butyouchosetodoitanyway.Arehumansjustmasochistic(自讨苦吃的),oristheresomethingelsegoingon?____16____Spicyisn’tactuallyatastelikesalty,sweet,sourandbitten—it’sasensation.____17____.Whenweeatfoodscontainingcapsaicin(辣椒素),ourbodiesaretrickedintothinkingthetemperatureisactuallyrising.Intryingtorelievetheburningsensation,ourbodiesreleaseendorphins(内啡肽)whichcontrolpainand,atthesametime,giveafeelingofpleasure—likepainkillers.Thisiswhatishappeningchemically,butthereisalsoaconscioussidetochoosingspicyfood.DrTamaraRosenbaum,aCognitiveNeuroscientist,explainsinaninterviewwiththeBBCthatthisis____18____.Furthermore,weobtainpleasurefromtheotheringredientschilliisgenerallycookedandeatenwith—includingfat,sugarandsalt.So—likeskydiving—eatingchilliisaformofthrillseeking,____19____Humans,oneofthefewmammalsonEarththatdevelopedatasteforcapsaicin,startedcultivatingchillipeppersaboutsixthousandyearsago.Humaninterventionchangedthechillipeppertosuithumantastesandneeds—includingthepepper’scolour,sizeandcapsaicincontenthelpingtoexplainthemanydifferenttypesofchillipeppersnowavailable.____20____.Weeataround57.3milliontonsofpeppersgloballyeachyear,andchilliisakeyingredientintraditionaldishesfromMexicotoKorea.A.ItliesinbothscienceandhistoryB.wherewegetpleasurefromaseeminglynegativesensationC.Thisiscausedbyachemicalpoundcalled‘capsaicin’D.IthassomethingtodowithhumannatureandbodypositionE.whySteamedFishHeadwithChilliesenjoysgreatpopularityamongHunaneseF.Fastforwardtotoday,andourloveaffairwiththechillipepperisgoingstrongG.becauseweknowthattheburningsensationofchillidoesnotphysicallyharmus【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍我们为什么喜欢吃辣。【16题详解】根据下文“Spicyisn’tactuallyatastelikesalty,sweet,sourandbitten—it’sasensation.(辣实际上并不是咸、甜、酸和咬的味道——它是一种感觉。)”，“Thisiswhatishappeningchemically,butthereisalsoaconscioussidetochoosingspicyfood.(这是化学反应，但选择辛辣食物也有意识的一面。)”和“Humans,oneofthefewmammalsonEarththatdevelopedatasteforcapsaicin,startedcultivatingchillipeppersaboutsixthousandyearsago.(人类是地球上为数不多的对辣椒素产生兴趣的哺乳动物之一，大约在6000年前开始种植辣椒。)”可知，文章接下来从科学和历史方面解释人类为什么喜欢吃辣。选项A“它既有科学意义，也有历史意义”和下文意思一致。故选A。【17题详解】根据上文“Spicyisn’tactuallyatastelikesalty,sweet,sourandbitten—it’sasensation.(辣实际上并不是咸、甜、酸和咬的味道——它是一种感觉。)”和下文“Whenweeatfoodscontainingcapsaicin(辣椒素),ourbodiesaretrickedintothinkingthetemperatureisactuallyrising.(当我们吃含有辣椒素的食物时，我们的身体会被欺骗，以为温度实际上在上升。)”可知，辣这种感觉是因为吃了含有辣椒素的食物造成的。选项C“这是由一种名为“辣椒素”的化合物引起的”和上下文意思一致。故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Thisiswhatishappeningchemically,butthereisalsoaconscioussidetochoosingspicyfood.DrTamaraRosenbaum,aCognitiveNeuroscientist,explainsinaninterviewwiththeBBCthatthisis(这是化学反应，但选择辛辣食物也有有意识的一面。认知神经科学家TamaraRosenbaum博士在接受英国广播公司采访时解释说)”可知，接下来要解释为什么说“这是化学反应，但选择辛辣食物也有意识的一面”。选项G“因为我们知道辣椒的灼烧感不会对我们身体造成伤害”和上文意思一致。故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Furthermore,weobtainpleasurefromtheotheringredientschilliisgenerallycookedandeatenwith—includingfat,sugarandsalt.So—likeskydiving—eatingchilliisaformofthrillseeking,(此外，我们从辣椒通常与脂肪、糖和盐一起烹饪和食用的其他成分中获得乐趣。所以，就像跳伞一样，吃辣椒是一种寻求刺激的方式，)”可知，吃辣可以让人快乐。选项B“我们从看似消极的感觉中获得快乐”和上文意思一致。故选B。【20题详解】根据下文“Weeataround57.3milliontonsofpeppersgloballyeachyear,andchilliisakeyingredientintraditionaldishesfromMexicotoKorea.(我们每年在全球食用约5730万吨辣椒，辣椒是从墨西哥到韩国传统菜肴的关键成分。)”可知，这里介绍人们对辣椒的喜爱程度很高。选项F“快进到今天，我们对辣椒的喜爱与日俱增”和下文意思一致。故选F。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空自处的最佳选项。Aboutayearago,mydepartmentinvitedmetosubmita5minutevideoclipaboutmyresearchlaboratorytobescreenedatasecondaryschoolsummercamp.Withmany____21____undermybelt(已获得的)afterfiveyearsasamaininvestigator,Iwasquite____22____aboutgettingthis____23____.Threesecondsinto____24____myselfonmyphoneinmyoffice,IrealizedthatIhadbeentoo____25____.Ihadtopress‘Pause’____26____Icouldn’thelplookingaroundtheroom.Andwhilewatchingmyselfoncamera,Icouldn’tobtaintheexcitementIbroughttotheclassroom—allmy____27____trainedteachingmethoddidn’tworkwellforavideoclip.Admittingthatmyactingcareerhad____28____awall,Idecidedto____29____toadirectingroleandaskedmygraduatestudentstohelpmetofilmandpresentthevideo.The5minuteclip____30____taking2hourstofinish,butitwassowellreceivedbytheaudiencethatit____31____metocreateanaccountonBilibili,oneoftheleadingvideosharingwebsitesinChina.Igotmylabto____32____makingshortfilmsinChineseonthemaintopicsofour____33____,whichincludedigitalfabrication(数字制造)inarchitectureandadaptivestructuresthatcanrespondtostimuli(刺激物).InthenineorsomonthssinceIcreatedthat____34____,ourlabvideoshaveattractedmorethan20,000subscribersandreceivednearly3million____35____,mainlyinChina.21.A.students B.experiences C.cameras D.ments22.A.curious B.nervous C.confident D.cautious23.A.cut B.posted C.passed D.done24.A.filming B.watching C.reminding D.calling25.A.anxious B.optimistic C.active D.hard26.A.unless B.though C.because D.until27.A.badly B.newly C.easily D.finely28.A.hit B.covered C.destroyed D.built29.A.stick B.react C.take D.switch30.A.setabout B.endedup C.putoff D.wenton31.A.invited B.taught C.motivated D.required32.A.enjoy B.admit C.miss D.continue33.A.research B.video C.school D.team34.A.website B.account C.architecture D.classroom35.A.gifts B.fans C.views D.prizes【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.D28.A29.D30.B31.C32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者和自己的学生们一起拍摄关于自己从事的研究的短视频大受欢迎，这促使作者开通视频网站账号，继续拍摄关于研究的短视频，吸引了很多观众。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在担任了5年的主要调查员之后，我积累了很多经验，对完成这项工作非常有信心。A.students学生；B.experiences经验、经历；C.cameras照相机；D.ments评论，意见。根据“afterfiveyearsasamaininvestigator”可知，作者担任了5年的主要调查员之后，得到很多经验，故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在担任了5年的主要调查员之后，我积累了很多经验，对完成这项工作非常有信心。A.curious好奇的；B.nervous紧张的；C.confident自信的；D.cautious谨慎的。根据上文“afterfiveyearsasamaininvestigator”可知，作者有丰富的经验，所以很自信，故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在担任了5年的主要调查员之后，我积累了很多经验，对完成这项工作非常有信心。A.cut切，割；B.posted邮寄，张贴；C.passed经过，通过；D.done做，完成。根据上文“mydepartmentinvitedmetosubmita5minutevideoclip”可知，作者被邀请提交一个5分钟的视频剪辑，此处指作者有信心完成这项任务。getsth.done“让某事被做；完成某事”。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在办公室用拍摄自己三秒钟后，我意识到自己太乐观了。A.filming拍摄；B.watching观看；C.reminding提醒；D.calling叫，打。根据上文可知，作者被邀请剪辑一个视频，所以此处是用拍摄自己，本段最后一句中“askedmygraduatestudentstohelpmetofilmandpresentthevideo”也提到拍摄视频。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在办公室用拍摄自己三秒钟后，我意识到自己太乐观了。A.anxious焦虑的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.active活跃的；D.hard困难的。上文作者提到很有自信完成任务，下文“Andwhilewatchingmyselfoncamera,Icouldn’tobtaintheexcitementIbroughttotheclassroom”讲述了自己拍摄的困难，所以此处指作者意识到自己过于乐观了，故选B。【26题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我不得不按“暂停”键，因为我忍不住环视一下房间。A.unless除非；B.though尽管；C.because因为；D.until直到。空后“Icouldn’thelplookingaroundtheroom”表示按暂停的原因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我看着镜头前的自己时，我无法获得我给教室带来的兴奋感——我所有精巧训练的教学方法在视频剪辑中都不起作用。A.badly恶劣地，非常；B.newly以新的方式；C.easily容易地；D.finely很好地，精巧地。根据上文“Icouldn’tobtaintheexcitementIbroughttotheclassroom”可知，作者给教室带来很多兴奋感，所以此处指精巧训练的教学方法，故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认我的演艺事业碰壁了，我决定转行当导演，并请我的研究生们帮我拍摄并展示视频。A.hit撞击；B.covered覆盖；C.destroyed毁灭；D.built建造。根据后文“askedmygraduatestudentstohelpmetofilmandpresentthevideo”可知，作者请学生帮忙，所以此处指自己拍摄碰壁了，hitawall“停滞不前，碰壁”。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我承认我的演艺事业碰壁了，我决定转行当导演，并请我的研究生们帮我拍摄并展示视频。A.stick粘贴；B.react反应；C.take取，拿；D.switch转变。根据上文“whilewatchingmyselfoncamera”和空后的“directingrole”可知，作者由拍摄的角色转变为导演的角色，让学生帮忙拍。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这段5分钟的视频最终花了2个小时才完成，但它受到了观众的热烈欢迎，这促使我在中国领先的视频分享网站之一哔哩哔哩上创建了一个账号。A.setabout开始，着手；B.endedup结束；C.putoff推迟；D.wenton继续。根据空后“taking2hourstofinish”可知，此处指这个视频花费2小时才结束，故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这段5分钟的视频最终花了2个小时才完成，但它受到了观众的热烈欢迎，这促使我在中国领先的视频分享网站之一哔哩哔哩上创建了一个账号。A.invited邀请；B.taught教；C.motivated激励，是……的原因，推动；D.required需要，要求。根据上文“butitwassowellreceivedbytheaudience”可知，视频很受欢迎，这激发了作者在视频网站上创建一个账号的想法，故选C。【