2013年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2013年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.StructureandVocabulary2.Grammar3.ErrorIdentification4.ReadingComprehension5.English-ChineseTranslation6.Chinese-EnglishTranslationStructureandVocabulary1．Ifeelthatwemustrespectthispointofviewandaccepttheconvictionofthemanypeoplewhoholdit,becausethatishowtheyfeelaboutlifeandmorality.A．beliefB．culpabilityC．offenseD．therapy正确答案：A解析：conviction意为“信念”。A选项：belief意为“信念，信条”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Itisourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy．我们坚信，改善医疗保健会使经济更加繁荣昌盛。故选A。在其他三项中，B选项：culpability苛责，有罪；C选项：offense犯罪；D选项：therapy疗法，治疗，都与画线单词的意义不符。2．Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.A．deprivedofB．divestedofC．lackinginD．exemptfrom正确答案：C解析：devoidof意为“缺乏的，没有的”。C选项：lackingin意为“在……缺少[不足]”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Vitaminpillsmakeupwhatyoulackinyourdiet．维生素片补充你饮食中所缺之物。故选C。在其他三项中，A选项：depriveof剥夺……；B选项：divestedof使失去，剥夺；D选项：exemptfrom使免除，豁免，都与画线单词的意义不符。3．MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.A．propupB．flinchC．fallbehindD．retain正确答案：B解析：backoutof意为“退出，取消”。B选项：flinch意为“回避，退缩”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Theworldcommunityshouldnotflinchinthefaceofthischallenge．国际社会在面对这一挑战时不应该回避。故选B。在其他三项中，A选项：propup支撑，维持；C选项：fallbehind落后，下降，逾期(付款等)；D选项：retain保留，保持，都与画线单词的意义不符。4．Loveisloveanddeathisdeath,foraSouthAfricanBushmanandaFrenchsurrealistalike.Sothethemesofliteraturehaveatonceaninfinitevarietyandanabidingconstancy.A．continuingB．refrainingC．interchangingD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：abiding意为“持久的，持续的”。A选项：continuing意为“继续存在的，持续的”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Themeetingtakesplaceagainstabackgroundofcontinuingpoliticalviolence．这次会议是在政治暴力连续不断的背景下召开的。故选A。在其他三项中，B选项：refraining抑制；C选项：interchanging交换；D选项：corresponding相应的，相关的，都与画线单词的意义不符。5．Thisidea,intheavowedpantheismofSpinoza,wassufferedtolapseduringthe18thcentury,wasrevivedagainbyLessingandHerder,andbecameoneofthecentralideasofthegreatRomanticandHegelianmovementsinGermanyinthe19thcentury.A．ceaseB．thriveC．supersedeD．deplete正确答案：A解析：lapse意为“退步，终止”。A选项：cease意为“(使)停止，结束”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Atoneo’clocktherainhadceased．一点时，雨已经停了。故选A。在其他三项中，B选项：thrive繁荣，茁壮成长；C选项：supersede替代；D选项：deplete耗尽，使枯竭，都与画线单词的意义不符。6．Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthere—inhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwesternsanddetectivestories,andinplain,expositoryprose—somewriting,almostbyaccident,achievesanaestheticsatisfaction,adepthandrelevancethatentitleittostandwithotherexamplesoftheartofliterature.A．plausibleB．consequentialC．prudentialD．temporary正确答案：D解析：fugitive意为“无常的，易变的，短暂的”。D选项：temporary意为“短暂的，暂时的”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Mostadolescentproblemsaretemporary．多数青少年问题都是暂时性的。故选D。在其他三项中，A选项：plausible貌似有理的，花言巧语的；B选项：consequential结果的；C选项：prudential谨慎的，都与画线单词的意义不符。7．AsGermansocialtheoristHabermas’LegitimationCrisisexplained,onceaprocessgovernedinformallyisregulatedbythestate,itthrowsintoquestionallotherinformalprocessesconnectedwiththeoriginalprocess.Regulationsbegetregulations.A．bringaboutB．resultfromC．endupinD．takeover正确答案：A解析：beget意为“产生，引起”。A选项：bringabout意为“导致，引起”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Theonlywaytheycanbringaboutpoliticalchangeisbyputtingpressureonthecountry．要使该国进行政治变革，唯一的办法就是对其施压。故选A。在其他三项中，B选项：resultfrom产生于……；C选项：endupin以……结束；D选项：takeover接替，接任，都与画线单词的意义不符。8．Itiseasytocomplicatethings,toindulgein“somethingtodo”or“somethingtothinkabout”insteadofstillingthemonkey-mind,findingthefutilityofcontrivedactionwhichleadsonlytoseparation,hardness,ethics,self-righteousness,andultimatestrife.A．fluxB．paradoxC．conformityD．uselessness正确答案：D解析：futility意为“无益，无用，徒劳”。D选项：uselessness意为“无用，无效，无价值”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Tooilltogetoutofbed，shehadstrongfeelingsofuselessness．由于疾病缠身，卧床不起，她深深地感到力不从心。故选D。在其他三项中，A选项：flux流出，变迁；B选项：paradox悖论；C选项：conformity符合，遵守，都与画线单词的意义不符。9．Alternatively,itcanbepresentedbyacarefularrangementofobjectivefacts,wherepsychologicaldevelopmentisdescribedpurelyintermsofbehavior,andwherethereader’ssubjectiveresponseiselicitedbytheminutedescriptionsofphysicalreality,asinthegreatestChinesenovelslikeTheDreamoftheRedChamber,whichconvincesthereaderthatthroughthenovelheisseeingrealityitselfratherthananartfullycontrivedsemblanceofreality.A．appearanceB．criticismC．occurrenceD．contrast正确答案：A解析：semblance意为“表象，外观”。A选项：appearance意为“外貌，外观”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Floweringplantsweremakingtheirfirstappearance，butwerestillararity．显花植物开始出现了，但仍然很少。故选A。在其他三项中，B选项：criticism批评，评论；C选项：occurrence发生，事件；D选项：contrast差异，对比，都与画线单词的意义不符。10．Gender-basedviolenceencompassesawiderangeofhumanrightsviolations,includingsexualabuseofchildren,rape,domesticviolence,sexualassaultandharassment,traffickingofwomenandgirlsandseveralharmfultraditionalpractices.A．batteringB．tradingC．veneratingD．craving正确答案：B解析：trafficking意为“非法买卖，非法交易”。B选项：trading意为“贸易，交易”，与画线单词的意义相符，如：Theytradedlandforgoodsandmoney．他们用土地换取了货物与金钱。故选B。在其他三项中，A选项：battering猛击；C选项：venerating敬重，崇敬：D选项：craving渴望，热望，都与画线单词的意义不符。11．Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe______Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.A．ParentalB．MaternalC．FraternalD．Paternal正确答案：D解析：四个选项的意思分别是：Parental父母的；Maternal母亲的；Fraternal兄弟般的；Paternal父亲的。空格所在句意为，我们步入的时期可称为父系时期，这一时期的医生就像父亲，他清楚什么对病人最好。据此可知，正确答案是D选项。12．Mostpersonsexperiencea______increaseinmemoryproblemsastheygetolder,particularlywithregardtotheabilitytorememberrelativelyrecentexperiences.A．modestB．razor-sharpC．time-consumingD．prompt正确答案：A解析：四个选项的意思分别是：modest些许的，谦逊的；razor-sharp锋利的，(思维或头脑)敏捷的；time-consuming费时的；prompt迅速的。空格所在句意为，随着年龄的增长，大多数人会感到记忆方面的问题逐渐增多，特别是对最近经历的记忆能力。据此可知，正确答案是A选项。13．Any______futurereligionmusttakeseriouslytheimplicationsforreligionoftheremarkablediscoveriesofthemodernnaturalandhumansciences.A．reflexiveB．viableC．familialD．secular正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：reflexive反身的，反射(性)的；viable切实可行的，能存活的；familial家族的，家庭的；secular现世的，世俗的。空格所在句意为，任何可以存续的未来宗教都要重视现代自然科学和人文科学的重大发现对它的影响。据此可知，正确答案是B选项。14．ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga______researchcontributioninyourarea.A．heart-brokenB．record-breakingC．back-breakingD．ground-breaking正确答案：D解析：四个选项的意思分别是：heart-broken心碎的，伤心的；record-breaking破纪录的；back-breaking使人疲劳至极的；ground-breaking开创性的，独创的。空格所在句意为，项级的博士生项目设置了一个极高的标杆：大量的课程、教学经验、博士资格考试、论文答辩以及，当然，在你的研究领域做出的突破性研究贡献。据此可知，正确答案是D选项。15．Manyrapecrisisandbatteredwomen’sprogramsalsohaveeducationalcomponentsfocusingonyouth.However,mostoftheseapproachesdependuponindividualclasspresentationswithoutensuringotheraspectsofnecessary______support,includingthoroughstafftraining,supportiveservicesformaleandfemalevictims,andrehabilitativeanddisciplinaryprogramsforabusers.A．stylizedB．dogmatizedC．formalizedD．institutionalized正确答案：D解析：四个选项的意思分别是：stylized程式化的，格式化的；dogmatized武断地提出；formalized使成为正式的；institutionalized使(某事物)制度化，使约定俗成。空格所在句意为，这些方法多数依靠个人的课堂展示，而不能确保其他方面必要的制度化支持。据此可知，正确答案是D选项。16．AncientGreeksbelievedthatthegods,whoresembledhumans,livedonMountOlympus,wheretheyhadahierarchicalsociety.Individualgodsbecameassociatedwiththreemain______—theskyorheaven,thesea,andtheearth.A．paradigmsB．regimesC．domainsD．regimens正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：paradigm范例，样式，模范；regime政治制度，政体，政权；domain范围，领域，领土；regimen(为病人规定的)生活规则，养生法。空格所在句意为，独立的神明与三个主要领域联系在一起——天空或天堂、海洋和地球。据此可知，正确答案是C选项。17．Itisintendedthattheseguidelinesshouldbeappliedflexiblyand______.A．substantiallyB．pragmaticallyC．dogmaticallyD．reflexively正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：substantially非常，相当多地；pragmatically务实地；dogmatically武断地；reflexively反身地，条件反射式地。空格所在句意为，目的是灵活、务实地运用这些准则。据此可知，正确答案是B选项。18．Conradproduced13novels,2volumesofmemoirs,and28shortstories.Hislifeatsea______thebackgroundformuchofhiswriting.A．renderedB．furnishedC．concededD．ascribed正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：rendered归还，给予(帮助)；furnished提供；conceded承认；ascribed归因于。空格所在句意为，他在海上的生活为他的很多作品提供了背景资料。据此可知，正确答案是B选项。19．ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof______,theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.A．incongruityB．disagreementC．discrepancyD．disharmony正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：incongruity不和谐，不协调；disagreement意见不一，争论；discrepancy差异，不符；disharmony不和谐，不协调。空格所在句意为，当出现分歧时，应以中文版为准。据此可知，正确答案是C选项。20．Similarcutsare______atStanford,whichisplanningtoslash$43millionoverthenexttwoyears.AndColumbiaUniversity,whichfacesa$50milliondeficit,willprobablyfollowsuit,althoughtheheadsof26arts-and-sciencesdepartmentshavethreatenedtoquitifthecutbacksaretooharsh.A．lurkingB．loomingC．saggingD．soaring正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是：lurking埋伏；looming逼近，即将爆发；sagging下凹；soaring快速上升。空格所在句意为，类似的资金削减即将发生在斯坦福大学，该大学正计划在未来两年削减4300万美元。据此可知，正确答案是B选项。Grammar21．Anotherconcern______hastodowiththeeffectone’slivingwillmighthaveoninsurancepremiums.Canone’sinsuranceratesgoupiftheyrequesttotalcareinsteadofminimalcareduringtheirfinaldays?A．toberaisedB．havingraisedC．beingraisedD．raising正确答案：C解析：空格所在句子的主语是concern，和谓语动词raise之间是被动关系。分析句子可知所填词表示正在出现的情况，因此C项正确。22．Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether______with______sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.A．whichrightpermitted...whichinterestprescribedB．whatrightpermits...whichinterestprescribedC．whatrightpermits...whatinterestprescribesD．whichrightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes正确答案：C解析：bringtogether意为“使结合[连接]”，由with连接的两个部分做宾语。which与what都可以引导宾语从句，区别是当指代无限定范围的事物时用what，指代有限定范围的事物时用which，根据空格处两个从句的意思(权利允许的一切以及利益要求的一切)可知应由what引导。两个从句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时，因此C项正确。23．TheFrenchmathematiciandeLaplacenextreasonedthatifenoughmass______addedtoastarlikethesun,thegravitationalforceofthestar______eventuallypreventlightparticlesfromleavingit;itwouldtherefore“blinkout”andbecomeaninvisibleblackstar.A．were...wouldB．was...wouldC．was...wouldhaveD．were...wouldhave正确答案：A解析：本题考查if引导的虚拟语气。如果是对现在情况的假设，表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况，if引导的虚拟语气形式为：If+主语+did／were，主语+should／would／could+do。例句：IfyouknewEnglishwell，youwouldbeabletotalkwithforeignersfreely．如果你英语掌握得好，你就能和外国人自由交谈了。据此可知，A项正确。24．Especiallyserious,forthedistortiontheycauseintheimageofaltruism,______compensationsintheformofsocialadvantagesorofpersonalorgrouppower,particularlyacceptedincountrieslikeSpainorItaly.A．hadbeenB．wereC．isD．are正确答案：D解析：本题考查的是倒装句。前置的是做表语的Especiallyserious；主句的主语是compensations，因为主语是可数名词复数形式，从句时态为一般现在时，因此应选are，D项正确。由于句子主语的修饰语较长，此句采用了倒装形式。25．Altruism,otherwiseknownashelpingbehavior,canbedefinedasbehaviorthatpromotesthewellbeingofotherswithoutconsciouslytakingaccountofself-interest.Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthe______ownwelfare”,while“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingthe_____welfare”.A．helper’s...other’sB．other’s...helper’sC．helper’s...another’sD．another’s...other’s正确答案：A解析：本题空格处的句意是利己主义者关心的是施助者的利益，利他主义者关注他人的利益。helper意为“帮助者”；theother意为“其他人”；another意为“另一个”，不与定冠词the连用。故用other，因此A项正确。26．Studiesofveryyoungboysandgirlsshowonlythat,______boysmayhavealowertoleranceforfrustration,andatendencytowardsrough-and-tumbleplay,thesetendenciesaredwarfedbytheimportanceofmalesocializationandpeerpressureintogenderroles.A．althoughB．becauseC．howeverD．aslongas正确答案：A解析：空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管男孩可能对挫折的容忍度较低，还有打闹的倾向，但这些倾向被男性重要的社会性和性别角色的压力弱化了。分析句意可知，从句和主句之间是让步关系，因此应选“although尽管，虽然”，A项正确。27．Think,inthesecondplace,______menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.A．ofthedutywhichB．thedutyofwhichC．thedutyinwhichD．ofthedutyofwhichthe正确答案：A解析：分析句子可知，动词短语thinkof被插入语inthesecondplace分开。men为泛指，因此前面不加定冠词the。duty在which引导的定语从句中做宾语，故关系代词前不需要加of。A项正确。28．Clause13providesforthedocumentationnecessaryforanaudittrailwherebythephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproofthatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet______acommissionconsistingofageneralpractitioner,alaymemberand—youguessedit—alawyer.A．forB．withC．toD．from正确答案：C解析：本题考查介词的用法。空格处所在句子的主干是“thephysiciansendsthedeclarationandproof…toacommission…”，sendsth．to意为“把某物送到某处或送给某人”。“thatallthequalifyingdocumentshavebeenmet”是由that引导的从句，修饰thedeclarationandproof；“consistingofageneralpractitioner,alaymemberand—youguessedit—alawyer”为现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰名词acommission。据此可知，C项正确。29．UnderOregon’sDeathwithDignityAct,whichcameintoforcein1997,physician-assistedsuicidehasaccountedforbetween0.06and0.14percentoftotaldeaths,orsomewherearound40peryear.TheestimatefordeathsinBritain,______,is650.A．shouldtheproposedlegislationbecomelawB．aslongastheproposedlegislationbecamelawC．soonaftertheproposedlegislationbecomeslawD．theproposedlegislationshouldbecomelaw正确答案：A解析：本题考查的是虚拟语气。当if引导的虚拟条件句中谓语动词部分含有助动词should时，可省略if并将should前置，构成倒装句。空格所在句子表示对现在情况的假设(如果这一立法建议成为法律的话)，此处的虚拟条件句仅保留了条件部分。根据estimate(估算，估计)可知这一立法建议目前在英国尚未被采纳。A项正确。30．AlthoughKantarguedthatlyingwas“theobliterationofone’sdignityasahumanbeing”andheldthattheruleagainstlyingwasabsolute,______nowadaysthatthemoralrulenottoliehastobequalifiedbycircumstance.A．littlewoulddisagreeB．fewwoulddisagreeC．littlewouldagreeD．fewwouldagree正确答案：B解析：根据从句的主语可以推知，空格处所在句子的主语应为表示“人”的代词，故选few，因为little指代不可数名词。另外，根据句意(康德认为，说谎是“人的尊严的丧失”，认为反对说谎的规则是绝对的，但很少有人否认，诚实这一道德准则不得不受制于环境)可判断出应该使用双重否定形式表示肯定，因此B项正确。ErrorIdentification31．OnecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmightAwithphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshowBimpactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebodyCwhereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,Dupholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：whereas引导的句子与前面的句子是并列关系，谓语动词应与主句谓语动词prescribed的时态保持一致，因此应将uphold改为upheld。32．SeniorstypicallyexhibitgreaterAexperience-basedknowledge,increasedaccuracy,betterjudgment,andgenerallyBimprovedabilitytohandlefamiliartasksthanyoungerpersons.Suchappliedknowledge,orwisdom,mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportanttoCone’sabilitytoaccomplishmosttasksofday-to-daylifethanDdotheabstractabilitiestappedbyintelligencetests.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：根据than前面的mayinfactbeconsiderablymoreimportant可知，than引导的是部分倒装形式的比较状语从句，助动词应为are(主语abilities为复数名词)，因此应将dotheabstractabilities改为aretheabstractabilities。33．ItisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthorityAinmatterofmeaningandusage.BFewpeopleaskCbywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.ButwhatfollowsDappliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：inmatterof后面有meaning和usage两个名词，而matter指的是这两个名词，应用复数形式，因此应将inmatterof改为inmattersof。34．PlatosuggestedmemorywasanalogousAtotheimpressionofmessagesonwaxBwritingtablets.ForPlato,writingonthetabletrepresentedlearningsomethingnew.Thetabletitselfwasthememorystore,andreadingthetabletslaterwasanalogoustoCtrytorecallthestoredinformation.Unfortunately,Plato’sanalogymissesanimportantcharacteristicofmemory,Dnamelythatitisselective.A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：beanalogousto意为“类似于”，其中to是介词，后面应接名词、动名词或名词性短语，因此应将trytorecall改为tryingtorecall。35．Voluntaryandnon-remunerateddonationmaybesufficientforacountryoraregionAtocoverallitsbloodproductneeds,butBrequireanefficientorganizationandtheeliminationof“spuriousAltruism”,non-monetaryformsofcompensationCthatharmthesocialimageofvoluntarydonationandobstructDitsfurtherdevelopment.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：谓语动词require所在句子的主语是donation，是单数名词，因此应将require改为requires。36．ALessnotedbutBequallysignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamiliesbetween1940and1960Calsoreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthanDdidthoseofcoupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：equally意为“同样地”，其前后通常用同样结构的短语或句子。equally前是形容词比较级，故其后也应该用形容词比较级，因此应将equallysignificant改为equallymoresignificant。37．ThepoliceAhaddecidednottoproceedwithaprosecutionagainstIrwin,BclearlyrecognizingthatitwashighlyunlikelythatanyjuryinthelandCwouldwishtopunishhimfordoingsomethingthatdoctorshavelongdoneinthefinalmomentsofaDpatient’sorfriend’slives.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：apatient’sorfriend’s中的名词都是单数形式，其后的名词lives也应用单数形式，因此应将patient’sorfriend’slives改为patient’sorfriend’slife。38．ALikeyoungwomen,whetherstudentsornot,wearestillinthestageBmostvaluedbymale-dominantcultures:wehaveourfullpotentialasworkers,wives,andchildbearers.Thatmeanswehavenotyetexperiencedthelifeeventsthataremostradicalizingforwomen:enteringthepaid-laborforceandfindingoutthatCit_isnotyetanequalpartnership;havinganddiscoveringwhoisresponsibleforthemandwhoisnot;andDaging,stillagreaterpenaltyforwomenthanformen.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：根据句意可知，A项所在短语表示某种身份(即“身为年轻女性”)，as意为“作为……”，因此应将Like改为As。39．TheconceptofthepatientAasfirstandforemostanindividualwillbereplacedbyageneric“patient”Bwhoevenmoregeneric“qualityoflife”isdeterminednotbyindividualqualitiesandrelationshipsCbutbyaflowchart.InsteadofdyingDsurroundedbyfriendsandfamily,wewillbesurroundedbypaper—andlawyers.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：B项，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词patient。但分析句子结构可知，定语从句引导词在从句中做定语，修饰名词短语“qualityoflife”，但who应该单独做定语从句的主语或宾语，只有whose可在定语从句中做定语，因此应将who改为whose。40．InItaly,itisgoodmannersforamantoAgreetanothermanwithanembraceandakissBoneverycheek.CNotsoinSouthTexas,wheremenstand3feetapartandDat90degreeanglestoconversewithoneanother.Allcultureshaverulesandifyouviolatethem,youwillbeexcluded.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：every指三个以上的人或事物的全体；each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的每一个，因此应将oneverycheek改为oneachcheek。ReadingComprehensionOntheafternoonofJuly2,1936,NaziSSleaderHeinrichHimmlerandacoterieofhisseniorofficersparadedonfootthroughthewindingcobblestonestreetsofQuedlinburg,oneofthemostperfectlypreservedmedievalcitiesinallEurope.Himmler’sstaffhadbeenplanningthetriptothesmallcityincentralGermanyforweeks.Theyorderedthestreetstobecleanedandtheoldhousesalongthemainthoroughfarestobepainted.TheydrapedNazibannersfromtherooftopsandgarlandsalongthewalls.TheyrehearsedtheSSband,drilledthelocalchapterofHitlerYouthandarrangedforanSSphotographertorecordtheproceedingsfrombeginningtoend.Nothingofimportancewasoverlooked.Dressedinashinyblackhelmet,immaculateblackuniformandtallblackboots,Himmlermadehiswayupthecity’sCastleHill.Paleandanemic-looking,withaspindlyframeandaheadoneortwosizestoosmallforhisbody,helookedstrangelyoutofplaceamonghisentourageoftall,athletic-lookingSSmen.HestoppedtoadmireQuedlinburg’ssplendidstonecastle,thenproceededtoitslargemedievalcathedral—theultimateobjectofhispilgrimage.HimmlerdespisedChristianity,areligionthatpreachedcompassionfortheweakandthebrotherhoodofallmenandacceptedaJewasthesonofGod.ButtheQuedlinburgcathedralguardedsomethingofimmenseimportancetohim—thetombofanobscure10th-centuryGermanking,HeinrichI.Himmlerwasenthralledbyancienthistory,andhewantedallSSmentosharehispassion.Indeed,heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich.HeviewedHeinrichIasagreatleaderwhocouldserveasamodelforAdolfHitlerandplannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine.HimmlerstoodatthefootofthecryptandgaveaspeechexhortinghisofficerstopaycarefulheedtoGermany’sproudancientpast,“Justasatreewithersifitsrootsareremoved,soapeoplefalliftheydonothonortheirancestors,“helaterwarned.Foryears,scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast,dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower.EvensomeseniorNazispokedfunathisardorforhistory.AsAlbertSpeer,Hitler’sformerchiefarchitect,jeeredafterthewar,Himmler“washalfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.ButHimmlerwasdeadlyseriousaboutreturningtheThirdReichtothelostgoldenageofhisimagination.In1935hefoundedalargeSSresearchinstitute,employingmorethan100GermanscholarstostudythepastandhelptutorSSmeninthewaysoftheirancestors.Withsuchresearch,heintendedtotransformvaststretchesoftheReichintomedievalfiefdomsruledbySSlords,aplanhebeganactingonbeforethewar.Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful,methodicalplannerwhoworkeddiligentlytowardthissinisterfutureinmuchthesametirelesswaythathelaboredoncreatingtheconcentrationcampsystemandimplementinga“finalsolution”.Indeed,thesewerethetwinpolesofhisexistence,theyinandyangofhisworld:thesqualid,crowdedcampsandthesunnySSfarmvillages.Himmlersetaboutconstructingthisfutureinthreeways.Herecruitedtall,blond-hairedmentotheSSinordertoscientificallyrebreedwhathebelievedwasaprimevalmasterrace.Withthehelpofhisresearchers,heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion,loreandfarmingpractices.Andbeforethewarstarted,hebeganinstallingSSfamiliesin“feudal”villagesofnewlyfabricatedmedieval-stylehouses.HeplannedtocreatethousandsoftheseantiquecoloniesinconqueredlandsacrossEasternEurope.Inthisway,Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage,therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire.Thiswassocialengineeringinitsmostswaggering,arrogantform—utopianismgonehorriblywrong.ButHimmler,whorosetobecomethesecondmostpowerfulmanintheReichbyearly1945asHitler’shealthfailed,fullyintendedtocarryoutthatplanifNaziGermanywonthewar.OnlycrushingdefeatbytheAlliesstoppedhim.41．Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisclosestinmeaningto“coterie”?A．Aselectedgroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotherfrequently.B．Alargenumberofpersonswithwhomonemightmeetonsocialoccasions.C．Anindiscriminategroupofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanotheronrareoccasions.D．Alargenumberofpersonswhoassociatewithoneanothertodiscusspoliticalmatters.正确答案：A解析：coterie意为“(志趣相投而排外的)小集团，小圈子”。根据B，D两项中的“alargenumberofpersons很多人”可知，这两项可以排除。再根据C项中的“anindiscriminategroupofpersons一群不加选择的人”可知，该项可以排除。因此A项“一群经过选择的、常常相互交往的人”正确。42．WhichofthefollowingphrasesbestdescribeshowHimmlerintendedallSSmentoassimilateGermany’sfeudalpast?A．Esotericcultandpractices.B．Eccentricapproach.C．Catatonicstate.D．Histrionicdisorder.正确答案：A解析：根据第三段中的“heregardedthefeudalpastasablueprintforthefuturegloryoftheThirdReich．He…plannedtotransformthecathedral’sdustytombintoanSSshrine．”可知，希姆莱认为过去的封建制度是第三帝国辉煌的未来蓝图，他计划把大教堂的坟墓改造成一个神殿。再根据最后一段中的“heinstructedSSmenandtheirfamiliesinancientGermanreligion，loreandfarmingpractices”可知，他对党卫军及其家人进行古老德国宗教知识和农事实践方面的指导。据此可知，A项“宗教信仰和实践”正确。43．Fromthispassage,itisclearthatHimmlerprimarilyintended______.A．tobringancientagriculturalpracticesinto20thcenturyGermanyB．toreturntoaprosperouseraduringwhichtheGermanpeoplelivedinidealhappinessC．toencouragethedevelopmentofmulticulturalisminameltingpotsocietyD．toeliminateallthosewhocouldhavethreatenedhisrisetopower正确答案：B解析：根据最后一段中的“Himmlerhopedtogivebirthtoanewgoldenage，therebyreversingthedeclineofWesterncivilizationandrescuinghumanityfromitsmire．”可知，希姆莱希望创造一个新的黄金时代，从而扭转西方文明的衰落，将人类从泥潭中拯救出来。据此可知，希姆莱的主要意图是复兴德国人曾经幸福生活的繁荣时代，B项正确。44．ForAlbertSpeerHimmlerwas“halfschoolmaster,halfcrackpot”.Towhichofthefollowingisthemeaningofthisquoteclosest?A．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastwasregardedasabsurd.B．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedintenserivalryamongotherprominentNazileaders.C．Himmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpastprovokedwidespreademulationamongstotherprominentNazileaders.D．OthershadtheprivilegeofstudyingtheaweinspiringbreadthanddepthofHimmler’spassionforGermany’smedievalpast.正确答案：A解析：根据第四段中的“Foryears，scholarsoftheThirdReichhaveridiculedHimmler’sintenseinterestintheGermanpast，dismissingoccasionssuchashisvisittoQuedlinburgasthefoolishnessofafanaticdrunkonpower．”可知，第三帝国的学者嘲笑希姆莱对德国往昔的浓厚兴趣，认为他对奎德林堡的访问是对权力愚蠢而狂热的迷醉。据此可知，A项“希姆莱对德国中世纪历史的热爱被认为是荒谬的”正确。45．Fortheauthor,Himmlerwouldbestbedescribedas______.A．aUtopianreformerB．anincurableromanticlostintimeC．animprobablevisionaryD．alevel-headedpurpose-drivenman正确答案：D解析：根据第四段中的“Farfrombeingadreamerlostinfantasy,Himmlerwasacareful，methodicalplanner”可知，希姆莱并非是迷失在幻想中的梦想家，他是细心、有条理的策划者。据此可知，D项“头脑冷静、目标导向明确的人”正确。TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a“fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinev