2025届新高考英语精准冲刺复习 定语从句

2025届新高考英语精准冲刺复习

定语从句THEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSE定语从句分类限制性定语从句：主句从句中没有逗号。eg.ItisthetreethatIplantedthreeyearsago.非限制性定语从句：主句从句中常用逗号隔开。eg.Itisthetree,whichIplantedthreeyearsago.非限制性定语从句关系词中没有that和why定语从句THEATTRIBUTIVECLAUSECHAPTER1基本概念和引导词在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。结构：先行词+引导词+从句

定语从句

先行词引导词被定语从句所修饰的名词或者代词。引导词又称为关系词。分关系代词和关系副词。作用：1.引导定语从句；2.在从句中作一个成分；3.代替先行词在从句中的位置。关系代词在从句中充当主语或者宾语。关系代词后的谓语动词，即从句的谓语动词，应与先行词保持人称和数的一致，即主谓一致。关系代词主要有以下几个词：who,that,whom,whose,which，as关系代词先行词关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词人主that/who人宾that/who/whom/物主that/which物宾that/which人/物定whose注：关系词在从句中做宾语时关系词可以省略。词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语

例：Imetagirl___knewyoursister.主句先行词从句关系词作主语who词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语

例：Imetagirl____Iwanttomarry.主句先行词从句关系词作宾语who注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。词汇辨析Thepersonto______Icomplainedisthemanager.用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who或that代之。如：Theperson______Icomplainedtoisthemanager.whomwhomwhothat/Thepersonisthemanager.Icomplainedtotheperson.词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分whose人/物定语主句先行词从句关系词作定语

whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与后面的名词为所属关系，可以指物也可以指人，可以与ofwhich和ofwhom互换使用。

例：Iliketheroom______windowfacesnorth.whose词汇辨析遇到以下情况只能用who，不能用that。1.当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those时，只能用whoGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultieswithpronunciationshouldpractice.2.当先行词是人称代词时，只能用who词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物主语/宾语that人/物主语/宾语/表语注：一般在先行词为物体的时候，that和which都可以互换。主句先行词从句关系词作主语

例：Shewasnotonthetrain_____arrivedjustnow.that词汇辨析关系代词先行词在定从中成分which物主语/宾语that人/物主语/宾语/表语注：关系代词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。主句先行词从句关系词作宾语

例：Isthisthebook_____youarelookingfor?that用法区别1.当先行词是anything，everything，nothing（something除外），few，all，none，little等代词时，或者是由any，every，all，some，no，little，few，much，each等修饰时：Abbytoldmeeverything(that)sheknew.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.Anymanthathasasenseofdutywon'tdosuchathing.在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。用法区别2.当先行词被序数词修饰时：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.ThisistheverygoodmagazinethatIleftontheplayground.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时：4.当先行词被thevery/only/same/last修饰时：在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。用法区别在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。6.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句时：Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Hetalkedhappilyofthethingsandpersonsthatherememberedstudyingintheschool.Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmethemost?5.当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时：7.当先行词在定语从句中做表语时：用法区别在下列情况下，关系词只用which而不用that。1.

介词前置时，关系代词只能用which：Iattendsuchactivitiesregularly,fromwhichIbenefitalot.Brucedoesn'tlistentoanyadvice,whichmakeshismotherveryannoyed.2.引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which关系词as一种是限定性定语从句，先行词通常被as，so，such，thesame修饰Suchpeopleas

havemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.一种是由as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，它在从句中作主语或宾语，此时as常译为“正如”As

everybodyknows，ShakesparewasagreatEnglishwriter.Tomisabraveboy，as

isdescribedinthereport.as引导定语从句主要用于两种情况：as可引导非限制性定语从句，常译为“正如,正像”，asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpectedas引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

as与which的区别1.

____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

A.Which

B.When

C.What

D.As2.___Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.

A．When

B．After

C．As

D．SinceMostofusareveryfamiliarwithit.句2：Itisabeautifulsong.句1：两个句子找出相同词，确定主从句Itisabeautifulsong.Mostofusareveryfamiliarwithit.先行词用词代替Itisabeautifulsong

(that/which)mostofusareveryfamiliarwith.1.Lucyismyfriendthathasahearingproblem.2.SoIlearntanewlanguagethatallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.3.Lucyisasmartgirlwhoseideasarealwaysinspiring.4.Isometimeshaveproblems（that）

Ican’tsolve.5.Lucyisagoodlistener（that）Ienjoysharingmomentsofmylifewith.thatwhosethatthatwho解题方法：还原法即把先行词还原到定语从句中，观察先行词在定语从句中做什么成分.一找二查三选：定语从句和先行词：先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分,即定语从句中的动词和先行词的搭配(主谓结构/动宾结构)：适合的关系词判断关系词在定语从句中做什么成分1.Themanwho/thatcametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom/that/who)ImetisLucy.3.Helivesintheroomwhosedoorisgreen.4.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.主语宾语定语宾语定语宾语考点一：that和which1.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything

hehadstolen.2.Thisisthebestbook

I’veeverread.3.Theonlything

mattersistofindourwayhome.4.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersons______wesawthen.5.Sheheardaterriblenoise,

broughtherheartintohermouth.6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingthewindows,mostof________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.thatthatthatthatwhichwhich考点二:as和which/that1.Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall.2._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.______isknowntoallthat

theearthisround.4.Thisissuchaninterestingbook_____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook______wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook______wealllikeit.which/as

AsItasasthatthat1Hemanagedtoachievehisgoalinaway__________youthoughtwasimpossible.2Theway_______________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.3Theway___________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.4Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway________________hesaidit.that/whichthat/inwhich/省略that/whichthat/inwhich/省略way作先行词后跟定语从句的情况主语状语宾语状语way作先行词且在从句中作状语时，关系词可填that/省略/inwhich关系副词关系副词在从句中引导状语从句。关系副词=介词+关系代词。主要有以下几个词：where(=prep.+which)when(=prep.+which)why(=forwhich)关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语when时间时间状语why原因原因状语关系副词where关系副词先行词句中成分where地点地点状语主句先行词从句作状语

例:

Wereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.关系副词where关系副词先行词句中成分介词＋关系代词where地点地点状语prep.+which主句先行词从句作状语

例:

ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.改:

ShanghaiisthecityinwhichIwasborn.关系副词when关系副词先行词句中成分介词+关系代词when时间时间状语prep.+which主句先行词从句作状语

例:

Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.主句改:

Thetimeatwhichwegottogetherfinallycame.关系副词先行词句中成分介词+关系代词when时间时间状语prep.+which主句先行词从句作状语

例:

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.关系副词when改:

IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametotheschool.关系副词why关系副词先行词句中成分介词+关系代词why原因原因状语forwhich主句先行词从句作状语

例:

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.改:

Pleasetellmethereasonforwhichyouarelate.考点三:先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hedreamtcomingbacktoforalongtime.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when2.AfterlivinginParisfor50yearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when从句缺少主宾表that/which从句不缺主宾表when/where/why1.Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse_______hecomposed‘TheMagicFlute’arebothmuseumsnow.A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which2.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoaday-center,______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.whichB.thatC.whileD.where3.Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when4.Thereason______hetoldmeisfunny.A.thatB.asC.whyD.whenPracticemakesperfect.1.Ithinkwehavegottothepoint_____wemustinsiston．2.Ithinkwehavegottothepoint______achangeisneeded,orwewouldfail.thatwhere考点四:先行词是case/situation/point/condition/position等抽象地点名词从句缺少主宾表that/which从句不缺主宾表where1.Salesdirectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where2.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_____

heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.wherePracticemakesperfect.3.Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.thatB.asC./D.where4.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______happenedindifferentregions.A.thatB.asC./D.where介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词”结构也可以引导定语从句。有以下几种结构：1.介词+whom/whichThewomangeneralstillcanrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy.2.介词短语+whom/whichThemanhasahouse,infrontofwhichisthesea.3.不定代词或/数词+whom/whichChinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhavewrittenonmynotebook.介词的选用1.选用介词时要注意与先行词的搭配Iwillneverforgettheday

onwhichIjoinedthearmy.Iwillneverforgetthedays

duringwhichIworkedintheschool.Iwillneverforgettheyear

inwhichmysonwenttocollege.Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,bywhichmostpeoplehadhadsupper.介词的选用2.选用介词时要注意与谓语动词的搭配习惯Haveyoufoundthebook

forwhichIpaid29dollars?HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent29dollars?Haveyoufoundthebookfromwhichwelearntalot?Haveyoufoundthebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?3.选用介词时要注意句意1.Thefarm_________Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook.

2.Isthisthehouse_____________Shakespearewasborn?3.Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson__________shecouldturnforhelp.4.TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.5.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,___________hewenttoBeijingUniversity.inwhichtowhominwhich考点五：介词+关系代词（which/whom）onwhichafterwhich6.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____________hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse.7.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmap____________wewouldhavelostourway.

8.Thisistheteacher___________wehavelearnedalot.9.Thegentleman_____________youtalkedtomeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.10.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.

fromwhomaboutwhomthroughwhichwithoutwhichwhose①Thenewbuildingthatisbeingbuiltisournewlibrary.②Thenewbuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearisournewlibrary.③Thenewbuildingthatwillbebuiltnextyearisournewlibrary.④Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth.⑤Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.定语从句与非谓语动词的转换whichfacessouthwhichwasdiscussedbeingbuiltbuilttobebuilt1.1)MrLihasthreedaughters，noneof_____isanengineer．2)MrLihasthreedaughters，butnoneof_____isadancer．2.1)Itwaseleveno’clock_____theywentoutofthecinema.

2)Itwasateleveno’clock

_____

theywentoutofthecinema.3.1)Itwasinthehospital____hecameacrossafriendofhis.2)Itwasthehospital____hecameacrossafriendofhis.4.1)Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2)Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.5.1)Motherdidn'tcomebackonDecember25,_____wasmybirthday.2)Motherdidn'tcomebackhomeonDecember25,_____shewasbusyworking.whomthemwhenthatthatwherewherethatwhichwhen易错对比练习6.1)Thisistheroom__________helivedinhischildhood.2)Thisistheroom________helivedinlastyear.7.1)Theteacherdidn’tknowthereason_______shewasabsentyesterday?2)Theteachercouldn’tacceptthereason______sheexplainedyesterday?8.1)Wemustlearntoactinways_______donotharmotherlivingthings.

2)Idon’tliketheway________hespoketohismother.

3)Thisistheway_______hethoughtoftosolvetheproblem.9.1)Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllike.2)Heissuchagoodteacher______wealllikehim.3)Heisagoodteacher,_________makesusrespecthim.10.1)Ricedoesn’tgrowwell_____thereisnotenoughwater.2)Istillrememberthefarm________myparentsworkedtenyearsago.

wherewhichwhythatthatthatthatasthatwhichwherewhere11.1)_____weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.

2)_____iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.

3)_____iswell-knowntousallisthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.12.1)I’msurprisedatall_____hesaidatthemeeting.2)I’msurprisedat_____hesaidatthemeeting.13.1)_________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.2)_________wholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.3)_________wholeavetheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.14.1)Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms_________shownlastweek.2)Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms________shownlastweek.

AsItWhatthatwhatWhoeverAnyoneThosethatwerethatwas15.1)Hestilllivesintheroom___________windowfacestotheeast.