Unit3Careersandskills词汇知识清单-高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

选择性必修四第三单元单词学案1.salary/ˈsæləri/n.薪金，薪水anannualsalaryof$400004万美元的年薪monthlysalary月薪辨析：salary,wage,pay,fee,ine,fare与bonus的区别1)salaryn.“薪金，薪水”[u/c]，指定期发给某人月薪。Hereceivesasalaryof3,000yuan.他的月薪是3,000元。2)wagen.“工资，工钱，薪水，报酬(复）”，指每日、周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。Apostman’swagesare＄60perweek.一个邮递员的工资是每周60美元。3)payn.“薪水，工资”[u]，最普通用语。特指海陆军人及其它在政府部门工作者的薪水。Hisjobishardwork,butthepayisgood.她工作虽辛苦，但薪水不低。4)feen.“手续费，薪水”，指付给律师，医师或其他专业人员的谢金，学费等。Thereisnoentrancefeetothegallery.这家美术馆不收门票。5)inen.“收益，收入，进款”[u/c]。Hisineiswellbelowtheaverage.他的收入大大低于平均水平。6)faren.“车费，船费；飞机票价”[u/c]。Theconductorbegantocollectfares.售票员开始收车费。Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.票价便宜，一元起价。7)bonusn.“奖金”，指分给员工的“奖金”。SheisexpectingaNewYearbonustobuyacoat.2.labour/ˈleɪbə(r)/n.劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活ScientistslabouredformonthstounravelthemysteriesofNeptuneandstillremainbaffledlabourforce（全公司或全国的）劳动力manuallabour(=workusingyourhands)体力劳动ashortageoflabour劳动力的短缺labourern.劳动者；劳工Labour（abbr.Lab）英国工党labourforv.努力争取3.*gear/ɡɪə(r)/vt.使适用于n.排挡；齿轮；传动装置Thecoursehadbeengearedtowardsthespecificneedsofitsmembers.Indeed,itcouldbearguedthatoureducationisgearedtowardspreparingusforalifeofwork.gearsthto/towards(doing)sth使与…相适应；使适合于gearup(for/tosth)/gearsb/sthup(for/tosth)（使）为…作好准备reversegear倒挡low/highgear低速╱高速挡change/shiftgear换挡4.earnaliving谋生Firstyoushouldconsiderhowtoequipyourselftoearnaliving.5.attain/əˈteɪn/vt.达到；获得Areyoucourageousenoughtoattainthatgoalthatyouset?Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem.attainmentn.达到，获得；成就，造诣attainableadj.可得到的；可达到的；可到达的unattainableadj.做不到的；难到达的6.*endeavor/ɪn‘devə/vi.努力，尽力n.努力，尝试doone’sbestendeavours尽最大的努力makeanendeavortodosth尽力做某事advancesinthefieldofscientificendeavour在科学探索领域的进步endeavourfor尽力endeavourtoperfectone'sskill努力钻研技术典题赏析：1)Iwillendeavour__________________(do)mybestformycountry.2)Please___________________________toarriveontime.请尽最大的努力按时到达。7.passion/ˈpæʃ(ə)n/n.强烈感情；酷爱Since1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.haveapassionfor对…有强烈的爱好passionateadj.热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的passionatelyadv.热情地；强烈地；激昂地单句语法填空①

I

will

always

work

hardgreat

passion

and

confidence.②She

developed

a

passionpapercutting.8.fond/fɒnd/adj.喜爱I'vealwaysbeenfondofpoetryandonepiecehasalwaysstuckinmymind.befondof喜爱（30）fondnessn.爱好；溺爱fondlyadv.天真地；怜爱地；温柔地单句语法填空I’mfondEnglish.9.anticipate/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/vt.预计（并做准备）；预料Theyanticipatemovingtobiggerpremises（场所）bytheendoftheyear.Therearesomethingsinlifewejustcan'tanticipate.anticipatedoingsth/anticipatesthdoingsth期盼；期望anticipationn.预期，预料；期盼，期望inanticipationofsth期待着；预计到anticipatoryadj.预期的；提早发生的；期待着的单句语法填空①We

thought

the

concert

in

thepark

would

be

popular

but

wedidn't

anticipate

so

many

people(turn)up.②

It(anticipate)thather

sad

mood

can

last

for

a

ratherlong

time.③

She's

even

decorated

the

spareroom

in

anticipationyour

visit.10.superior/suːˈpɪəriə(r)/adj.好的，占优势的n.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyofourfriends.besuperiortosb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹besuperior(tosb)（在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的besuperiorin在…方面优越superiorintelligence更强的智力superiorityn.优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大单句语法填空①

She

was

chosen

for

the

job

becauseshe

was

superiortheother

candidates.②

She's

seniorme,soIhave

to

do

what

she

tells

me.③

This

duty

is

priorallthe

others.④

He

is

three

years

juniorme.⑤This

is

the

only

way

to

demonstratethe(superior)ofsocialism.11.prejudice/ˈpredʒudɪs/n.偏见，成见Therewasadeeprootedracialprejudicelongbeforethetwocountrieswenttowar.Thereiswidespreadprejudiceagainstworkersover45.haveprejudiceagainst对……有偏见withoutprejudice无偏见racialprejudice种族偏见PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》prejudicedadj.怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的单句语法填空①

Tom’spleasantmannerprejudicethejury__________hisfavour.②Myownschooldaysprejudicedme____________allformaleducation.③Idon’tknowwhytheyareallso_____________(prejudice)againsttheidea.12.statusquo现状Thegovernmentistryingtomaintainthestatusquo.13.lawyern.律师14.servantn.雇员；仆人Heworksasaservantinawealthyhousehold.15.publicservant公务员，公仆16.consultantn.顾问；会诊医师Sheworksasaconsultantforalargemultinationalpany.v.consultn.consultation咨询17.clerkn.职员，办事员18.receptionist /rɪˈsep.ʃə.nɪst/ 接待员；接待人员 Heworksasareceptionistatahotel.19.respective/rɪˈspektɪv/adj.分别的，各自的therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety.Theyareeachrecognizedspecialistsintheirrespectivefields.Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively.respectivelyadv.分别地，依次地单句语法填空ItwasagreatsurprisethatmyhusbandandIgotpayrisesof8%and10%(respective).20.zone/zəʊn/n.地区；区域Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheirfortzoneandmitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.Whatpreventsusfromgettingoutofourfortzone?industrialzone工业区economicdevelopmentzone经济开发区apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行区21.operate/ˈɒpəreɪt/vt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作ORBISisaninternationalnonprofitorganizationwhichoperatestheworld’sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.InMarch2020,surgeonsoperatedonMaxforabrainaneurysm（动脉瘤）.operateonsb.forsth.因……给某人做手术operateas起……作用，作……用do/performanoperationon给……做手术eintooperation开始工作，开始生效put…intooperation实施，启用，使……运转operationn.运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动operatorn.（设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人operatingadj.（机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，；（企业等）经营的，管理的单句语法填空①What

skills

are

needed(operate)this

machine

is

unknownto

him.②(operate)moreefficiently,the

department

isintroducing

changes.③

She

wanted

to

work

in

a

hospitalthere

to

learn

how

to

operatepatients.④The

police

have

launched

a

major(operate)against

drugsuppliers.22.hire/ˈhaɪə(r)/vt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用n.新雇员；租借Sixteenofthecontestantshavehiredlawyersandaresuingtheorganizers.hireacar/room/video租汽车╱房间╱录像带hirealawyer聘请律师hiresthout出租某物hireyourselfout(tosb)为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于forhire/rent供出租onhire/rent出租的；雇用单句语法填空①Fortunately,I(hire)by

the

first

pany

I

applied

to.②Why

don't

you

hireyour

spare

room

to

other

people,and

earn

some

money?③He

wondered

why

only

collegegraduates

could

hire

themselvesoutthis

grand

supermarket.23.leadership/ˈliːdəʃɪp/n.领导应有的品质；领导地位leadershipqualities/skills领导的素质╱技巧leadershipteam领导团队underone’sleadership/undertheleadershipof在…的领导下leadtosth./someplace导致某事/通向某地leadtosb./sb.’sdoingsth.导致某人做某事leadsb.tosth.使得出(观点);引导某人……leadsb.todosth.带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事24.weighup权衡，斟酌Youmayhaveabrilliantidea,butbeforeyoudecidetoputitintoaction,itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.IthinkthatwhateverproblemsBrazil'sfacingnow—thesamewillbetrueforanycountry—youhavetoweighuptheprosandcons.weighonsb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧weighup权衡；估量；称weighin加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论weighsbdown使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weighoutv.称出weighone’swords推敲；斟酌字句25.receipt/rɪˈsiːt/n.收到的款项，收入；收据Iwroteherareceiptforthemoney.Hewastallyingtheday'sreceipts.onreceiptof在收到…后inreceiptof已收到…makeout(=write)areceipt写收据26mercial/kəˈmɜːʃl/adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的Thepanyhasindeedbeemoremercialoverthepastdecade.themercialheartofthecity城市的商业中心merciallyadv.商业上；通商上mercen.贸易，商业mercializev.使商业化；使商品化mercializationn.商品化，商业化单句语法填空①

The

drug

is

still

being

tested

andwill

not

go

into(merce)production

for

atleast

two

years.②

It

was

the

first(mercial)available

machineto

employ

artificial

intelligence.27.weekly/ˈwiːkli/adj.每周的adv.按周地n.周报，周刊weeklymagazine周刊weeklyreport周报，每周报告entertainmentweekly娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐单句语法填空①

Two

of

the

four

national

dailypapers

are

to

bee(weekly).②

It's

strange

that

he

should

haveno

idea

that

we

have

four

Englishclasses(week).28.monthly/ˈmʌnθli/adj.每月的adv.按月地n.月刊amonthlymeeting/visit/magazine每月一次的会议╱拜访；月刊thefashionmonthlies时装月刊amonthly/anannual/afamilybudget每月╱年度╱家庭预算单句语法填空①

According

to

the

agreement,you

should

pay

1,000

dollars(month)for

yourroom.②

I

wanted

to

ask

you

the

questionwhether

I

could

pay

the

rentsa

monthly

basis.29.budget /ˈbʌd.ʒɪt/ 预算Hecreatedabudgetforhishouseholdexpenses.Wedecoratedthehouseonatightbudget.Theywentoverbudget.Theworkwasfinishedontimeandwithinbudget.30.putsthontheline冒险；冒风险 Heputhiscareeronthelinetospeakoutagainstinjustice.Don’tputyourprofessionalreputationontheline.Theyfoughtbravelyandputtheirlivesonthelinesothatotherscouldliveabetterlife.ontheline冒风险in（a）linewith跟...成一排outoflinewith与...不成直线/不一致31.loan /loʊn/ 贷款；借款 Hetookoutaloantobuyahouse.takeoutaloan借款repayaloan偿还贷款bankloan银行贷款studentloan学生贷款givesb.theloanofsth.借给某人某物onloan（画或书等）暂借（的）loansb.sth.=loansth.tosb.把某物借给某人32.client /ˈklaɪ.ənt/ 顾客；客户 Hehasalargeclientbase.33.detective /dɪˈtek.tɪv/ 侦探；探员 Heisadetectiveinthepoliceforce.detectivestory侦探小说detectivework侦查工作detectiveagency侦探社34.subjective /səbˈdʒɛk.tɪv/ 主观的；个人的 Thisisasubjectivematterofopinion.objectiveadj.客观的35.directory /daɪˈrek.tə.ri/ 目录；指南 Helookedupthenumberinthephonedirectory.businessdirectory（商业名录）；phonedirectory（簿）；webdirectory（网站目录）36.plug /plʌg/ 插头；塞子 Hepluggedinthelamp.Ifapluguswiredincorrectly,itcanbedangerous.plugsthwithsth用...塞住...abathplug浴缸塞单句语法填空

①My

nose

was

bleeding

and

I(plug)it

with

cottonwool.

②

There

are

not

a

lot

of

joggers,

andfewer

people

with

music(plug)into

their

ears.

③

He

plugged

the

leaka

plastic

bag

and

soon

thebasinwas

full

of

water.37.groundwork /ˈɡraʊnd.wɜːk/ 基础工作；准备工作 Hehasdonealotofgroundworkfortheproject.38.premieradj.首位的，最著名的，最成功的n.总理，首相Hisworkonthecauseofthediseasesisofpremierimportancetothewholeworld.Heisthepremierofthecountry.apremieruniversity最好的大学；vicepremier副总理39.proportionn.比例，份额，面积，容积，部分vt.

使成比例，使均衡Alargeproportionofmytimeisspentinstudying.Thisdoorisnarrowinproportiontoitsheight.Wemustproportionthepunishmenttothecrime.in

proportion

to…与……成正比，与……相协调；a

proportion

of……的一部分；outof(all)proportion(tosth)不相称；不协调keepsthinproportion恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分40.institute /ɪnˈstɪ.tuːt/ n.机构vt.建立；设立 Heinstitutedanewpolicyatwork.HevisitedtheInstituteofNeurologyinHavanawherehisparentsworked.aresearchinstitute研究所单句语法填空

①

These

regulations

have

reducedcigarette

smoking

very

much

sincethey(institute).

②After

graduating

from

afamouscollege,she

worked

for

two

years

atinstitute

for

researchin

English

teaching.41.fabric /ˈfæb.rɪk/ 布料；织物 Shemadeadressoutofsilkfabric.42.fibre/fibern.纤维，纤维织物，纤维制品，纤维素，品质，品德witheveryfibreofone’sbeing全身心地，深切地moralfibre道德品质；ahigh/lowfibrediet纤维素含量高╱低的饮食43.qualificationn.资格，达到标准，资历，限制，合格，证书合格，学历Theplanwasapprovedwithoutqualification.academic/educational/professional/vocationalqualifications学术/教育/专业/职业资历paperqualifications书面资格证明，文凭acquire/gain/get/obtain/have/holdqualifications获得/取得/得到/拿到/拥有/持有资格▲qualifyvi.&vt.取得资格，合格；使合格，使具备资格；有权，使有权；达标，获得参赛资格；符合，配得上①qualifyas取得……的资格②qualifyfor有资格/有权获得……③qualifysb.forsth./todosth.使某人有资格/胜任……▲qualifiedadj.有资格的，合格的，胜任的④bequalifiedfor对……有资格，符合……的条件⑤bequalifiedtodosth.有资格干某事⑥bequalifiedas有资格当……单句语法填空Oneofthe（qualification）you

need

to

work

here

isa

sense

of

humour!

②After

the

interview,he

was

toldthat

he

had

no

qualificationsthe

post.

③

He

took

all

kinds

of

tests

to

provehe

was(qualify)forthis

important

task.

④

He

failed

to

reach

the

requiredstandard,

and

did

not

qualifythe

race.44.swingn.秋千，摆动，改变vi.&vt.（swung,swung）使摇摆，使改变，摆动His

emotions

swung

between

fear

and

curiosity.

It's

bad

manners

to

swing

your

legs

while

eating.

The

kids

were

playing

on

the

swingsswingintoaction立即行动起来，马上大干起来swingforthefences全力一搏，迎难而上swingby短暂拜访；看望某人一下on

the

swing

在秋千上takeaswingatsb/sth挥动手臂击打某人/某物swing(fromA)(toB)/swing(betweenAandB)（使）改变（意见、情绪等）单句语法填空

①

A

shop

sign

was

creaking

as

it(swing)in

the

wind.

②

It's

typical

of

him

to

sit

on

thestool,(swing)hislegs.

③

The

fire

engine

is

ready

to

swingaction

at

any

time.45.labeln.标签，不恰当的称谓vt.贴标签于，把……不恰当地称为Hewaslabeledasatraitorbyhisformercolleagues.onthelabel在标签上label...as...把……称为……labelsb./sth.+adj.把……标为……，称呼……为……单句语法填空

①

It

requires

foreign

frozenfoodimports

to

be

clearly(label).

②

It

is

unfair

to

label

a

small

babynaughty.

③

It

does

not

matter

whether

theseduties(label)"duties"or

"tasks"46.candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/ 候选人；竞争者 Heisacandidateforthepresidency.47.gaintheupperhand处于有利地位，有优势典题赏析：1)Thehometeamwasbeginningto_________________________.主队正开始占上风。2)After______________________in1957,itwasrenamed“Ghana”.1957年获得独立后，它改名为“加纳”。3)Itwasthebettereducatedwomenwhogainedmost________thisexpansionofopportunities.受过良的妇女在这次机遇的增加中受益最多。48.applicantn.申请人，申请者Therewereover500applicantsforthejob.anapplicantforsth申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）applyto(sb/sth)(forsth)（通常以书面形式）申请，请求applysth(tosth)使用；应用；涂；敷；施applyyourself(tosth/todoingsth)勤奋工作；努力学习applyforajob求职；申请工作applicationn.正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹

单句语法填空

①

She

was

picked

out

from

thousandsof(applicant)for

thejob.

②When

I

saw

the

job

advertisement,I

appliedthe

panyit.

③If

you

want

to

do

voluntary

work,you

can

apply(join)the

organisation.

④

Students

learned

the

practical(apply)of

the

theoryin

the

factory.49.prioradj.优先的，在前的，更重要的，占先的priorwarning/notice/discussion/engagement/agreement/arrangement预先警告/通知/讨论/约会/协议/安排(be)priorto在……之前priorityn.优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情[c]；优先，优先权，重点[u]atop/high/lowpriority应予最优先考虑的事/非常重要的事/不重要的事have/take/getpriority(over)享有优先权(=begivenpriority)givepriorityto优先考虑prioritizevt.按重要性排列，划分优先顺序单句语法填空

①

It

had

rained

solidly

for

10

dayspriormy

arrival,so

the

falls

were

at

their

mostspectacular.

②Women

are

more

likely

to

give(prior)to

child

careand

education

filen.

侧面，轮廓，形象，简介，外形，外观vt.概述，写简介inprofile侧面的apictureofthepresidentinprofile总统的侧面画像ahigh/lowprofile惹人、不惹人注目；profileone’scareer概述某人的工作生涯单句语法填空

①

This

picture

shows

the

girlprofile,which

makesher

more

attractive.

②

The

women(profile)in

the

article

made

their

decisionsfor

very

different

reasons.51.criterion(pl.criteria)n.标准，准则Practiceisthesolecriterionfortestingtruth.Wehaveaclearcutcriteriontogoby.52.conciselyadv.简明地，简洁地，简要地Hisarticleisconciseandprehensive.conciseadj.简明的，简洁的;aconcisesummary简明扼要的总结concisenessn.简明，简洁；切除concisestyle简洁;简约风格conciseandprehensive简明扼要;言简意赅【同义词】brieflyadv.简短地，简要地53.shaven.,vt.&vi.剃须，刮胡子，修面givesbashave给某人修面；shaveone’sface;shaveoff剃掉，刮掉；shavern.电动剃须刀，剃毛器；理发师54.refreshedadj.精力充沛的，恢复活力的，恢复精神的refreshv.使恢复精神；使记起，提醒；refreshsb’smemory使想起refreshoneselfwith用...提神单句语法填空

①(refresh)after

hisholiday,he

was

ready

to

swinginto

action.

②

Food

and

wine

set

before

him,he

ate

and(refresh)himself.

③There's

nothing(refresh)than

a

cold

beer

on

a

hotday.

④

I

think

I'll

just

refresh

myselfa

cup

of

tea

before

Igo

to

take

the

exam.55.delayn.推迟，耽搁，耽搁的时间vi.&vt.推迟，使延期，耽搁，拖延Ourmeetingwasdelayedfortenminutes.withoutdelay毫不犹豫adelayoftwohours/atwohourdelay两小时的延误delay(doing)sth延期，推迟单句语法填空

①

A

severe

accident

happened

onthe

highway,which

needed

to

betackleddelay.

②

I

think

we

should

delay(decide)until

next

year.

③I(delay)by

traffic,wondering

how

my

teacher

wouldpunish

me.56.durationn.持续时间，持续期，期间，持续，持久fortheduration在此期间，在整个期间，直到结束acontractofthreeyears'duration三年期的合同duringprep.在……期间；在……期间的某个时候durableadj.持久的，耐用的;durabilityn.持久性，耐用性单句语法填空

①

He

was

given

the

task

of

protectingherthe

duration

of

thetrial.

②Diseases

resulting

from

stress

arerelatedtothe（during）ofstress.57.rudeadj.粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的berudetosb.对某人粗鲁Itisofsbrudetodosth.干某事是粗鲁的/不礼貌的inrudehealth非常健康，十分健壮rudenessn.粗鲁，无礼[u]rudelyadv.粗鲁地，无礼地；突然地，猛烈地单句语法填空

①I

can't

have

you

speaking

toyour

mothera

rudemanner.

You

must

apologize

toher

immediately.

②

I

find

it

astonishing

that

he

shouldbe

so

rudeyou.

③

It

is

rudeyou

toe

in

without

knocking

at

thedoor.

④

Please

excuse

me

for

my(rude)at

yourbirthday

party.

I

shouldn't

haveargued

with

Lily.58.justifyvt.对……作出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确justifydoingsth.为做某事辩护/找理由justifyoneselftosb.向某人就某事为自己辩护justifiedadj.有正当理由的；合乎情理的bejustifiedindoingsth.有理由干某事单句语法填空

①

It

is

the

only

thing

that

I

can

doI

don't

have

to

justify(I)to

anyone.

②Having

stayed

at

home

for

a

week,I

can't

really

justify(take)another

day

off

work.59.relevantadj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的berelevantto与……有关“和……有关”的短语有：berelatedto;belinkedto/with;beconnected/associatedwith;beinvolvedin;havesomethingtodowithrelevancen.关联，切题；意义[u]haverelevanceto与……有关relevantlyadv.有关联地，切题地60.infervt.推断，推论，推理infer...from...从……中推断出……Itcanbeinferredthat...可推断出……单句语法填空①I(infer)fromherexp