大二轮高考总复习英语第02部分专题01阅读理解

专题一阅读理解A(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，A)Pacific◆VisitPacificDon’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind，butwhataboutyourbody？Ourcaféoffersapletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions，inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacific◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheInformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.◆SupportPacificSince1962，PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience，mathandtechnology.Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry－basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandmunityeventsalloverWashingtonState，It’sanamazingacplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacific1．WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificA．InBuilding1.B．InBuilding3.C．AttheLaserDome.D．AttheDennyWayentrance.2．WhatdoesPacificA．Trainscienceteachers.B．Distributesciencebooks.C．Inspirescientificresearch.D．Takesciencetotheclassroom.3．Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A．Toencouragedonations.B．Toadvertiseingevents.C．Tointroducespecialexhibits.D．TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了太平洋科学中心的一些情况。1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段：Don’tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.译文：当你想来这里找到一个精彩的科学活动或纪念品来当作参观纪念，别忘了来太平洋科学中心商店。这家商店在3号楼的楼上，旁边就是LaserDome。该题问的是在太平洋科学中心何处可以买到纪念品。根据句意可知，可以在3号楼买到纪念品。故选B。答案：B2．解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句Today，PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry－basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandmunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.译文：如今，太平洋科学中心每年为130多万人提供服务，并把探究式科学教育引入整个华盛顿州的课堂和社区活动。可知，该题问的是太平洋科学中心为学校做了些什么。太平洋科学中心把科学引入学校课堂。故选D。答案：D3．解析：目的意图题。根据最后一段最后两句It’sanamazingacplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals，corporations，andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacific译文：这是一项了不起的成就，如果没有个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨相助，我们就无法取得这一成就。访问你就能找到帮助太平洋科学中心的各种方式。可知，该题问的是文章最后一部分的目的。其目的是鼓励捐助。故选A。答案：AB(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，C)TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight，bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats，fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition，whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth，canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23－gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground，itgets35milespergallon.Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale，andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpifyou’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s，accordingtoRobertMann，anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahasecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft，whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Terrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition，arequirementpilotswouldfindrelativelyeasytomeet.4．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.5．WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A．Itcausestrafficjams.B．Itisdifficulttooperate.C．Itisveryexpensive.D．Itburnstoomuchfuel.6．Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A．Cautious. B．Favorable.C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．FlyingCaratAutoShowB．TheTransition’sFirstFlightC．Pilots’DreamingTrueD．FlyingCarClosertoReality[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Terrafugia公司制造的新一代飞行汽车，包括它的参数、性能及驾驶要求。4．解析：段落大意题。该题提问的是第一段的主要内容。通读第一段内容可知，该段主要说明了飞行汽车的外观、行驶速度、燃油情况等基本参数。故选A。答案：A5．解析：细节理解题。由第二段第二、三句Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.译文：但是不要指望它会出现在很多车道上。它的成本预计为$279,000。可知，该题提问的是飞行汽车不可能出现在很多车道上的原因。根据关键句可知，因为它造价昂贵。故选C。答案：C6．解析：推理判断题。由第三段第三句Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthepanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.译文：政府已经允许该公司使用特殊材料以使汽车更容易飞行。可知，该题提问的是政府对于飞行汽车的研发持什么态度。根据关键句可推知，政府支持研发飞行汽车。B项意为“支持的，赞同的”，符合文意。故选B。答案：B7．解析：标题概括题。根据第一段第一句TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhaspleteditsfirstflight，bringingthepanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.译文：Terrafugia公司于周一宣布其研发的新型飞行汽车已完成首次飞行，这让该公司离明年之内销售飞行汽车的目标更近了一步。可知，该题提问的是文章最适合的标题。关键句为文章的主旨句。根据关键句可知，D项“飞行汽车离变为现实又近了一步”概括了的文章主要内容，适合用作标题。故选D。答案：DC(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，D)TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell－beingamongolderpeople，leadingtothembeingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe，theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin－vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom－madenavigation(导航)tools，nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains：“Formanyolderpeople，particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidinganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbeforetheyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo，theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy，explains：“TheDriveLABishelpingustounderstandwhatthekeystresspointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.“Forexample，mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly，wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreventingthat.”“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbehindthewheel.”8．WhatisthepurposeoftheDriveLAB?A．Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B．Todesignnewtypesofcars.C．Tofindoutolderdrivers’problems.D．Toteachpeopletrafficrules.9．WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?A．Itkeepsthemindependent.B．Ithelpsthemsavetime.C．Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D．Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.10．Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A．Improvetheirdrivingskills.B．Developdriver－assisttechnologies.C．Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D．Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewModelElectricCarB．ASolutiontoTrafficProblemsC．DrivingServicesforEldersD．KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项由一个研究团队研发的旨在帮助老年司机继续驾驶的助驾技术。8．解析：细节理解题。由第一段TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.译文：为了解老年司机在驾驶时所面临的挑战并找到他们主要的压力来源，Newcastle大学的智能交通工具团队已将一辆电动汽车改造成了一个可移动、名叫“DriveLAB”的实验室。可知，该题问的是DriveLAB这个实验室的目的是什么。它的目的是找出老年司机所面临的问题。故选C。答案：C9．解析：细节理解题。由第四段最后一句．..Formanyolderpeople，particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry，drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence，givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.译文：……对于很多老年人，尤其是那些独自生活或生活在乡村的老年人来说，开车对保持他们的独立性很重要，还会给了他们出行的自由，让他们不用依赖他人。可知，该题问的是为什么PhilBlythe认为开车对老年人很重要，PhilBlythe认为开车的重要性在于它能帮助老年人保持独立。故选A。答案：A10．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe，theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin－vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.译文：由PhilBlythe教授领导的Newcastle团队正在研发适合老年司机的车载技术，他们希望这些技术能帮助老年司机在以后的生活中继续开车。可知，该题问的是研究者希望能为老年司机做些什么。他们希望能为老年司机研发可帮助他们驾驶的技术。故选B。答案：B11．解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了一个研究团队为帮助老年司机能继续开车而努力研发助驾技术。D项“让老年司机继续行驶在路上”能概括本文内容，适合用作标题。故选D。答案：DD(2017·北京卷，A)ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint，NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice，stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth－graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly，Parisfelltotheground.“Paris’seyesrolledback，”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare，Pariswoulddie.Atfirst，noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout，“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”CPRisalife－savingtechnique.TodoCPR，youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen，thebrainisdamagedquickly.Amazingly，TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still，shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward，TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem：Paris’sheartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright：Forasuddenheartfailure，thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.Today，Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”12．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A．Shecaughtabadcold.B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.13．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.14．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous.D．Ambitiousandprofessional.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了八年级的垒球队员Taylor对队友Paris实施即时的心肺复苏术从而挽救了其生命的故事。12．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.译文：Paris突发心衰。并结合第一段第一句可知，在三月的某一天Paris突发了心脏病。故答案选B。答案：B13．解析：推理判断题。由第六段第一句Taylor’sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.译文：Taylor迅速的(急救)行动帮助她的队友平静下来。和第七段“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”译文：“我知道我真的很幸运，”Paris现在说。“大多数得这个病的人都没活下来。我的团队救了我的命。”和第八段专家所说的话可知，Paris接受了即时的心肺复苏才活了下来，因此她觉得自己很幸运。故答案选C。答案：C14．解析：推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.译文：我知道在可怕的情况下我能够承受压力做事。以及Taylor对Paris采取的即时的施救时的表现可推断，Taylor是一个勇敢且冷静的人。故答案选B。答案：BE(2017·江苏卷，C)Anewmoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable，fast－growingindustry，urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago，theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata，theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle，Amazon，FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices，manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay，ineffect，byhandingoveryetmoredata)．Andtheappearanceofnew－borngiantssuggeststhatnewerscanmakewaves，too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant，all－presentandfarmorevaluable，changingthenatureofdataandpetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices：translationandvisualrecognition，tobesoldtootherpanies.Internetpanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves：intime，oneofthemwouldbeegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobeeapparent，twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并)，forexample，theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedpanyisbuyinganew－bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace，especiallywhenanew－bornpanyhasnorevenuetospeakof，theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon－lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythempaniescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdatawithusers’consent.Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants，theymustactsoon.15．Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A．Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B．Theycollectenormousprivatedata.C．Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D．Theydismissedsomenew－borngiants.16．WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?A．Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.B．Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.C．Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition.D．Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.17．Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets，antitrustregulatorscould________.A．killanewthreatB．avoidthesizetrapC．favourbiggerfirmsD．chargehigherprices18．Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata