高中英语 语法：动词语态学案初高中衔接

上课讲义

班级名称：高一衔接班任课教师:上课时间:

课

第三讲：初中重点语法巩固-…动词语态

题

知

识

重掌握各种时态的被动语态的基本句型和使用情况

难

点

【知识总结归纳】

一.概念:表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer—＞主动语态

主语7^乂娱语状语

Thatfactorywasvisi向uslastsummer-被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

时态主动语态被动语态

一般现在时(1)DotheyspeakFrench?IsFrenchspokenbythem?

要

am/is/are+P.P.(2)Theydon'tusetheroom.Theroomisn'tusedbythem.

点

一般过去时(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.Atigerwaskilledbythe

解

was/were+p.p.(2)Hewrotemanystorieshunter.

析

lastyear.Manystorieswaswrittenby

himlastyear.

现在进行时(1)TheseworkersareAnewbridgeisbeingbuiltby

am/is/are+being+p.p.buildinganewbridge.theseworkers.

(2)Heismendinghiscar.Hiscarisbeingmendedby

him.

过去进行时(1)Hewassellingbooks.Bookswerebeingbuiltby

was/were+being+p.p.(2)Theywerediscussingthehim.

planatthattime.Theplanwasbeingdiscussed

bythematthattime.

现在完成时(1)ShehaslearnedmanyManyEnglishwordshave

have/has+been+p.p.Englishwords.beenlearnedbyher.

(2)Hehasfinishedthework.Theworkhasbeenfinishedby

him.

过去完成时(1)TheyhassolvedtheTheproblemhadbeensolved

had+been+p.p.problem.bythem.

(2)WehadtoldhimthenewsThenewshadbeentoldtohim

bythen.byus.

一般将来时(1)1shallmakeaplan.Aplanwillbemadebyme.

shall/willbe+p.p.(2)TheyaregoingtofixtheTheradioisgoingtobefixed

radioinanhour.bytheminanhour.

过去将来时(1)HetoldmetheywouldHetoldmetheroomwouldbe

wouldbe+p.p.painttheroom.paintedbythem.

was/weregoingtobe+p.p.(2)TheyweregoingtoputAplaywasgoingtobeputby

onaplaythenextweek.themthenextweek.

情态动词(1)WeshouldhandinourOurhomeworkshouldbe

can/may/must/shouldhomework.handedinbyus.

+be+p.p.(2)YoumustanswertheThequestionmustbe

questioninEnglish.answeredinEnglishbyyou.

四.如何正确使用被动语态

1.有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被

动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。

eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主动语态）

Weareoftentoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.（被飞、五太）

Interest睫storiesareoftentoldtousbyhimJ

▲常带双宾语的词有：tell,show,lend,pass等。

2.在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被

省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。

eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主动语态）

宾语宾语补足语

复合,宾语

Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（被动语态）

▲有这种用法的常用动词有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。

3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表

语）」

,,_「Thedoorisclosed.门是关着的。（系表结构

比较：（1）4、、一=

[ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.这个口是由冯平来关的（被动语态）

[Theglassisbroken.这个玻璃杯是坏的。（系表结构

（2）<_.

[TheglasswasbrokenbyMary.这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄琳J。（被动语态）

4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.（正确）

eg.<、

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.（错误）

Thedolphindisappearedinthedeepsea.（正确）

Thedolphinwasdisappearedinthedeepsea.（错误）

五，下列动词（词组）没有被动式：

L、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意

常见的系动词有：

①be动词

②look/seem/appear,feel（感觉，摸起来）,sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.

Itsmellsterrible.

Thesilkfeelssoft.丝绸摸起来很柔软。

③（逐渐）变得/变成：become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.他的愿望实现了

Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

Theleavesofthetreesturnyellowinautumn.树叶在秋天变黄。

④保持：keep,stay

e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.

2、有些不及物动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。

①某些可用来表示主语内在“品质"或"性能"的及物动词，如lock,shut,open,move,read,

write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw,cut等

Thistablecleansveryeasily.

Thecloth（布）washeswell.

Hisbookdoesn*tsellwell.

Theflowersmellssweet.

Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.

Thedoorwon'tclose/shut.

②某些表示"发生,（happen,takeplace,occur）,“爆发"（breakout,burstout）和“传播"spread的不及物动词

Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.

Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothewarehousenearby.

六.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，

据说...Itissaidthat…

据报导...Itisreportedthat,••

据推测...Itissupposedthat…

希望...Itishopedthat,•・

众所周知...Itiswellknownthat••,

普遍认为...Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议...Itissuggestedthat…

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.

2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.

语法巩固…动词语态(课堂练习)

一、选择题

()1.anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build

()2.Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.

A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened

()3.CottoninthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

()4.Sofar,themoonbymanalready.

A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited

()5.AtalkonChinesehistoryinthschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives

()6.Howmanytreesthisyear?

A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted

()7.Alotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone

()8.NeitheroftheminChina.

A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made

()9.Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.

A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws

()10.Yourshoes.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn

()11.Thedoctorforyet.

A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn*tsent

()12.—When___thiskindofcomputers?—Lastyear.

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

()13.TheGreatWallallovertheworld.

A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown

()14.1insummer.

A.bomB.wasbomC.havebeenbomD.amborn

()15.HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.

A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent

()16.Whothisbook?

A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written

()17.Maryshowmehernewdictionary.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto

()18.AstorybyGrannyyesterday.

A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus

()19.Themonkeywasseenoffthetree.

A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump

()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.

A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput

()21.Olderpeoplewell.

A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter

()22.Ourteachercarefully.

A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened

二、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Theworkintwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk__________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong___bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.

Itbyyounow.

5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.

ANewYearCardherbymelastweek.

6.Peoleusemetalformakingmachines.

Metalformakingmachines.

7.Hemademedothatforhim.

Ithatforhim.

8.1havegiventhisbooktothelibrary.

Thisbook__tothelibrary.

9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?

abridgeherebythemayearago?

10.WellputonanEnglishplayinourschool.

AnEnglishplayoninourschool.

11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.

ColourTVsets_________moreandmorefarmers.

12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.

Hiswatchbymybrother.

13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.

Theflowersmust______(byus)everyday.

14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.

Knivesforcuttingthings.

15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.

Thefarmersforalongtime.

16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?

thewindow______yesterday?

17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.

Thelightgreendressesout.

18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

Theclassroom________everyday.

19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.

Trees___inverydryearth.

20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.

AHoleintheearth.

语法巩固…动词语态(课外练习)

用正确的时态和语态填空

1.Nearlyeverybodyhere(know)whentheoldmuseum(build).

2.Thebuildingcan(see)fromeverypartofthecity;It(build)manyyearsago.

3.YesterdayTom(tell)methathisbike(break)lastweek.

4.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

5.Nowhe(be)askedifthemeeting(hold)nextFriday.

6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon(turn)roundtheearth.

7.MissLioften(use)arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe(notuse)it

tomorrow.

8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.

9.English(speak)here.

10.Thesong(like)byusalltwentyyearsago.

11.Thepictures(take)byJacktomorrow.

12.Thecomputer(canuse)intheroom.

13.Theroom(paint)now.

14.Thenovel