新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartDLesson3StephenHawking学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册

PartDLesson3StephenHawking【学习目标】课时词汇overcome,decline,separate,therefore,version,gravity,evidence常用短语inspiteof,puttogether典型句式1.notjust...butalso...2．that引导表语从句Ⅰ.核心单词练习：依据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词1．____________n导弹，飞弹2．____________vi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮n.沸腾3．____________n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力4．____________n.水壶，壶5．____________n.海军6．____________n.大量，大宗adj.大量的7．____________n.(木材、碳等自然材料的)纤维Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式1．regulatevt.限制，管理→____________n．管理；规定；调整，调整→____________adj.管制的，调整的，限制的2．illustratevt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→____________n．图解，图示，示例，举例说明→____________adj.作为图例或图解的，作说明用的，解说性的→illustratorn．为书制作插图的人3．evolutionn．进化→____________n．彻底变革，革命→revolutionaryadj.革命的4．sailv．航行→____________n．水手，海员5．electricityn．电→____________adj.用电的，带电的，电动的6．specificadj.特定的，特有的；详明的，明确的→____________adv.特定地，特地地7．preservevt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，疼惜n．腌菜，果酱→____________n．[U]疼惜，保存8．availableadj.可获得的，可用的→____________n．可能性9．mechanicn．技工，机修工→____________adj.机械的→____________adv.机械地；呆板地；无意识地10．explodevi.&vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→____________n．爆炸(声)[词语积累][1]influentialadj.有影响的[2]agedadj.……岁的[3]brilliantadj.杰出的；绝妙的[4]theoretical/θɪə'retɪkəl/adj.理论的[5]cosmology/kɒz'mɒlədʒi/n.宇宙论，宇宙学[6]overcome/ˌəʊvə'kʌm/vt.克服(困难)，限制(感情)；折服，战胜[7]challengen．挑战[8]physiciann．医师；内科医生[9]slow－progressingadj.进展缓慢的[10]ratherthan而不是[11]speech－generatingequipment语言生成设备[12]losetheuseof丢失……功能[13]decline/dɪ'klaɪn/vi.削减，降低[14]ceasevt.停止[15]asortof一种[16]leadto通向[17]separateadj.单独的；不受影响的[18]copyn．一册[19]versionn．版本[20]grand/grænd/adj.雄伟的，壮美的，隆重的[21]arguev．论证；说理；主见[22]lookup向上看[23]inspiteof虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)[24]preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻挡某人做某事[25]reducevt.削减；降低[26]bonus/'bəʊnəs/n.意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利On14March,2024,oneoftheworld'smostinfluential[1]scientists,StephenHawking,diedathishomeinEngland,aged[2]76.【1】Hawkingwasfamous,notjustforhisbrilliant[3]workintheoretical[4]physicsandcosmology[5]，butalsoforovercoming[6]thechallenges[7]ofALS(adiseasethataffectsmusclecontrol).【2】【1】本句的主干是oneoftheworld'smostinfluentialscientistsdiedathishomeinEngland。StephenHawking是同位语，形容词短语aged76作状语。【2】notjust...butalso...也作notonly...butalso...，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，在本句中连接两个并列的缘由状语。StephenHawkingwasbornon8January,1942,inOxford.HewenttotheUniversityofOxfordtostudyphysicsin1959.Attheageof21,whenHawkingspenthisfirstyearattheUniversityofCambridge,physicians[8]discoveredhehadarare,slow－progressing[9]formofALS.【3】Hewasonlyexpectedtoliveforafewyears.【3】本句的主干是physiciansdiscoveredhehadarare,slow－progressingformofALS，介词短语Attheageof21是时间状语，when引导时间状语从句。HawkinglaterfoundajobattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridge.Intheearlystagesofhiscareer,hisillnessgotworse,buthewasallowedtodoresearchonlyratherthan[10]teach,whichwaseasierforhim.【4】In1985,hehadtohaveanoperation.Asaresult,helosthisspeech.Soonhisdoctorsdevelopedapieceofspeech－generatingequipment[11]thatallowedhimtospeak.【5】However,ashisillnessbecameworse,helosttheuseof[12]hishands.【6】【4】本句是but连接的并列句，在其次个分句中，whichwaseasierforhim是定语从句，关系词which在从句中作主语。【5】本句中的thatallowedhimtospeak是定语从句，修饰apieceofspeech－generatingequipment。【6】本句中包含了一个as引导的时间状语从句，as意为“随着”。AlthoughHawking'sphysicalabilitiesdeclined[13]overdecades,heneverceased[14]hisstudiesandhedevelopedanumberofnewideasaboutblackholes.【7】Hawkingbelievedthatthebirthoftheuniverse(the“BigBang”)createdmanysmallblackholes.Histheorywasthattherewasasortof[15]holeinthecentreofablackhole.【8】Thisholeledto[16]anotheruniverse,completelyseparate[17]fromourown.【7】Although引导让步状语从句，主句是由and连接的并列句。【8】在本句中，that引导表语从句。Hawkingalsowrotebooks.His1988book,ABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles,soldonecopy[18]forevery750peopleonEarth.However,manypeoplecouldnotreallyunderstandwhathehadwritten.【9】Therefore,Hawkingdecidedtowriteasimplerversion[19]，ABrieferHistoryofTime(2005).【9】本句是一个复合句，whathehadwritten是宾语从句，作understand的宾语。InTheGrand[20]Design(2010,withLeonardMlodinow),Hawkingargued[21]thatweshouldlookforadifferentwaytodiscoverthedeepestsecretsoftheuniverse.Insteadoftryingtofindonebignewexplanation,scientistsshouldputtogetheralltheideasthattheyalreadyhave.【10】【10】在本句中，thattheyalreadyhave是定语从句，修饰alltheideas。介词短语Insteadoftryingtofindonebignewexplanation作状语，也可置于句末。AttheopeningoftheLondon2012Olympics,HawkingsaidtoaTVaudienceof900millionpeople：“Lookup[22]atthestarsandnotdownatyourfeet...becurious.”Inspiteof[23]hisdisease,Hawkingdidn'tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.Hesaidithadnotpreventedhimfrom[24]havingafamily,andbeingsuccessfulinhiswork.“Myexpectationswerereduced[25]tozerowhenIwas21.Everythingsincethenhasbeenabonus[26].”Andhebelievedthiswasbecauseofthehelphereceivedfromhisfamilyandalargenumberofpeopleandorganisations.【11】【11】本句中believed后是宾语从句；becauseofthehelp作表语，hereceivedfromhisfamilyandalargenumberofpeopleandorganisations是定语从句，修饰thehelp。2024年3月14日，世界上最有影响力的科学家之一，史蒂芬·霍金在英格兰的家中去世，享年76岁。霍金不仅因在理论(theoretical)物理学和宇宙学(cosmology)方面的杰出探讨而闻名，而且因克服(overcome)了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉限制的疾病)的挑战而令人钦佩。1942年1月8日史蒂芬·霍金诞生于牛津，1959年进入牛津高校学习物理学。21岁那年，也是霍金在剑桥高校的第一年，医生发觉他患有一种罕见的慢性肌萎缩侧索硬化症，预言他只能再活几年。后来霍金在剑桥天文探讨所找了份工作。职业生涯刚一起先他的病情就转而恶化，探讨所允许他可以只做探讨而不用教学，这对他来说更简洁。1985年，他不得不动手术，结果丢失了说话实力。很快，医生为他开发了一种发声设备使他能够说话。但是，他的病情接着恶化，手也动不了了。尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降(decline)，但他从未停止过探讨，并对黑洞有了很多新的想法。霍金认为宇宙诞生时(即宇宙大爆炸)创建了很多小黑洞，他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞，这种洞通向另一个宇宙，与我们的世界完全分隔。霍金还写书。1988年出版的《时间简史：从大爆炸到黑洞》一书，地球上平均每750人便购买过一本。然而，很多人并不能真正理解他写的内容。因此，霍金确定写一个简化的版本，即《时间简史》(2005)。在《大(grand)设计》(2010年出版，与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中，霍金提出我们应当用一种不同的方式去发觉宇宙最深处的隐私。与其说试图找寻一个全新的说明，科学家们不如把他们已经有的想法汇合起来。2012年伦敦奥运会开幕式上，霍金对9亿电视观众说：“仰视星空，而不是俯视脚下……要保持新奇 心。”尽管(inspiteof)霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。他说，这并没有阻碍他拥有家庭，也没有阻碍他在工作中取得胜利。“21岁时，我的人生期望值降为零。从那以后，一切都是馈赠(bonus)。”他认为自己所取得的一切都源于家人和很多人与机构的帮助。Ⅰ.课文结构图示Ⅱ.课文预习自测1．Whereisthepassagetakenfrom?A．Abook. B．TheInternet.C．Thenewspaper. D．TheTVnews.2．WhenwasStephenHawkingdiscoveredtosufferfromALS?A．Whenhewasborn.B．WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofOxford.C.WhenhewasstudyingattheUniversityofCambridge.D．WhenhewasworkingattheInstituteofAstronomyinCambridge.3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．StephenHawkingwasfamousforhistheoryofblackholes.B．StephenHawkingwastheco－authorofthebookTheGrandDesign.C.ThebookABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoleswaspopularbecauseitiseasytounderstand.D．ThebookABrieferHistoryofTime(2005)iseasierthanthebookABriefHistoryofTime:FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeHawking?A．Optimisticandgrateful.B．Unluckyandmiserable.C．Generousanddetermined.D．Humorousandacademic.►第一版块：核心单词1．overcomevt.克服(困难)，限制(感情)；折服，战胜(overcame,overcome)(教材P58)toovercomethechallengeof...克服……的挑战overcomedifficulties/badhabits克服困难/改掉恶习overcomefear克服恐惊overcomedisadvantage克服不利条件overcomeobstacles克服障碍overcomeenemies/theenemy战胜敌人overcomeshyness克服羞怯beovercomewithsorrow难过欲绝beovercomewithjoy乐不行支❶Weareconfidentthatwecanovercomethesedifficulties.我们信任我们能克服这些困难。❷Mollyfoughtandovercameherfearofdivingintothewater.莫莉经过努力克服了对潜水的恐惊。❸ThenightbeforethetestIwasovercomebyfearanddespair.考试的前一晚我被恐惊与无望困扰着。❹Shewasovercomewithgriefwhenherhusbanddied.她的丈夫去世时她哀思欲绝。易混词语辨析：overcome强调克服困难、障碍等。beat后常跟表示人的名词。defeat侧重指在战场上战胜敌人。win后跟表示物的名词，比如竞赛、战斗、奖金、奖品等。归纳拓展：beovercomewithexcitement/horror/grief因兴奋/恐怖/哀痛而不能自持beovercomewith/by往往表示“被某种心情所限制/制服”，表示人的一种心情状态。即学即练单句语法填空①Althoughtherewerelotsofdifficulties________(overcome),sheneverletherproblemsdefeather.②Eventoday,Iwould________(overcome)withsorrowwheneverIthinkofthedog.完成句子③Ithinkyou'dbetterreadsomebooksinChineseto________________(克服困难)inunderstandingthelanguagebeforeyoucomehere.④Activelygettinginvolvedinvarioussocialactivitiesisthebestwayto________________(克服文化冲击).2．declinevi.削减，降低vt.&vi.婉言谢绝，拒绝n．衰落，衰退；削减，下降(教材P59)AlthoughHawking'sphysicalabilitiesdeclinedoverdecades,heneverceasedhisstudies...尽管在过去几十年里霍金的身体机能不断下降，但他从未停止过探讨……(1)vt.&vi.婉言谢绝，拒绝declineto削减到……declineby削减了……declinetodosth.拒绝做某事(2)n.削减；下降；衰退fall/gointodecline起先衰落onthedecline在下降；走下坡路indecline在衰退中；在衰落arapid/sharp/gradualdecline快速/急剧/渐渐下降❶Thepriceof14inchTVsetsdeclinedfrom400yuanto320yuaneach.14英寸的电视机的价格每台从400元降到了320元。❷Heisovercomewithdisappointmentbecauseofthefactthatthefundingfortechnologicalinnovationhasdeclinedby40%.他很悲观，因为用于技术创新的资金已经削减了40%。老师提示：onthedecline的反义词组为ontheincrease，意思是“正在增长，不断增长”。经典例句：Thankfullythesmokingofcigarettesisonthedecline．令人兴奋的是吸烟的人正在削减。即学即练单句语法填空①Atthattime,theeconomyofthecountryis________thedecline.②Itisreportedthattheprofitdeclined________________4.1%lastyear.③Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom217,000________________114,000inthecompany.完成句子④Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilities________________(起先衰退)fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.⑤Asfarasweknow,theport________________(起先衰落)inthe1990s.3.separateadj.分开的；独立的；不相关的；不同的v．分开separatedadj.分居的separationn．分开；分别；分居separatefromtherocket离开火箭separateAfromB把A和B分开separatethelandfromtheisland把陆地和岛屿分开separatethegoodfromthebad把好的和坏的分开dividethemintosixgroups把他们分成六组易混比较：separate与divideseparate指把原来连在一起的东西分开，后接介词from。divide指把整体分成若干部分，后接介词into。即学即练单句语法填空①Thosesufferingfromtheoutcomewereseparated________theotherpatients.②Huntinggroundsaredistantandithappensthatwolvesmayseparate________oneanotherattimes.③Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan________(divide)us.④Theability________(separate)reusableelements________otherwasteiscrucial.⑤Ourclass________(divide)________sevengroups.4．thereforeadv.所以，因此therefore是副词，意为“因此，所以”，在句中的位置灵敏，常和句子其他部分用逗号隔开；也可放在and后省略主语，用于承接上文表示严密的推理，此时不用逗号隔开。❶Hewasbusy,therefore,hecouldn'tcome.他忙得很，所以他来不了。＝Hewasbusyandthereforecouldn'tcome.❷Shewassad,soshebegantoweep.她很哀痛，所以哭了起来。易混比较：therefore与sothereforeadv.“因此”，正式用词，表示严密的推理，相当于forthatreason。soconj.“因此”，可连接两个并列分句。常用于会话和日常文体中，推论不必严密。即学即练用therefore,andtherefore或so完成句子①发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance________________helpsaveenergy.②他们曾见过他用拖网捕鱼，因此知道有鱼。Theyhadseenhimtrawling;________，theyknewthattherewerefish.③Ididn'tgotobeduntil12：00lastnight,________Igotuplate.5．versionn．版本；描述，说法asimplifiedversion简化版theEnglishversion英语版本anewversion新版本aTVversion电视版theoriginalversion原版twodifferentversionsoftheevent这件事的两种不同说法❶Thisnewstartgavemeanopportunitytoredefinemyselfanddiscoveranentirelynewversionof“cool”．这个新的起先让我有机会重新定义自己，发觉“酷”的全新版本。❷Therearetwoversionsofthegame,alongoneandashortone.这嬉戏有两个版本，一长一短。经典例句：Therearetwodifferentversionsoftheevent.这件事有两种说法。即学即练完成句子①________________(新版本)ofthedictionarywillbeavailablenextweek.②YesterdayIbought________________(原版)ofMao'sSelectedworkspublishedin1972.③Doyouknow________________(不同说法)oftheincident?6.gravityn．重力，引力；(令人忧虑的)重要性；严峻性；庄重thecenterofgravity重心theforceofgravity重力bygravity由于重力Newton'slawofgravity牛顿万有引力定律withoutgravity没有重力inzerogravity失重❶Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth's.当我们更靠近月球时，我们就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样强。❷Idon'tthinkyourealizethegravityofthesituation.我认为你没有意识到局势的严峻性。常见搭配：gravity熟词生义：严峻性；庄重graspthegravity理解严峻性realisethegravityofthesituation相识到状况的严峻性keepone'sgravity保持庄重即学即练单句语法填空①Applesfall________thegroundbecause________gravity.②Theyarestillunaware____________thegravity________theproblem.③Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteria________zerogravity,andtheythinkthey'reclosetoasolution.7.evidencen．证据，证明evidentadj.明显的，自不待言的haveevidence有证据findevidence找到证据giveevidence作证clear/strongevidence明显的/有力的证据medical/scientificevidence医学/科学证据Itisevidentthat...明显……Thereis(some)evidencethat...有证据表明……误区提示：evidence后常跟that引导的同位语从句。Thereis(some)evidencethat...有证据表明……一项证据apieceofevidence(√)anevidence(×)即学即练单句语法填空①Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence________plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.②“Thatisonlyevidence________traditionsonceexisted，”hesaid.③Nowwehavethemostdirect________(evident)yetthatheisright.④Yetthereis________(evident)suggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.⑤Itis________(evidence)thatallthestudentscangetgoodmarksinthefutureexam.►其次版块：重点短语1.inspiteof虽然；不顾；尽管……(教材P59)Inspiteofhisdisease,Hawkingdidn'tconsiderhimselfanunluckyman.尽管霍金患有疾病，但他并不认为自己是个不幸的人。inspiteof＝despite虽然；尽管……仍；不管；不顾regardlessof不顾；不加理睬inspiteofoneself不由自主地❶Weproceededwiththeworkinspiteofthecoldness.尽管天气寒冷，我们还是接着工作。❷Inspiteofhisadvancedage,thebiologistisstillburiedinhisresearch.那位生物学家尽管年事已高，但仍埋头于他的探讨工作。❸TheartsofChinahavenotdeclinedinspiteoftheWesterninfluence.尽管受到西方的影响，中国的艺术并没有衰落。❹Inspiteofhisage,hestillleadsanactivelife.尽管年事已高，他照旧过着一种劳碌的生活。经典例句：Despitethefactthatwemayfail,westilltrytoteamupwitheachotherefficiently.尽管我们可能会失败，但我们照旧努力有效地相互合作。Hewentaheadanddidit,regardlessoftheconsequences.他说干就干，没有考虑后果。Hefellasleep,inspiteofhimself.他还是不由自主地睡着了。Thoughitwascold,hehadtogotowork.虽然天气很冷，但他还是得去上班。即学即练完成句子①______________________(尽管)hisoldage,hestillleadsanactivelife.②Hehasdecidedonthedateoftheopeningofhisowncompany____________________________(尽管事实是)thathisparentsdon'tagreewithhim.同义句转换③Inspiteofourjointeffort,westillcan'tmakeagreatbreakthrough.→________ourjointeffort,westillcan'tmakeagreatbreakthrough.2.puttogether汇合putaway将……收起putaside储存；保留putdown写下；放下；卸下；平定putforward提出(看法、建议)puton表演；上演(戏剧)；增(肥)；戴上Londonhasmorepubsandclubsthantherestofthecountryputtogether.伦敦的酒馆和俱乐部比国家其他地区全部的加在一起还要多。归纳拓展：putoff推迟；延期putout熄灭；扑灭putup举起；张贴；搭建；供应(食宿)putupwith忍受；容忍即学即练完成句子①Yourdepartmentspentmorelastyearthanalltheothers______________(合起来).②Wecan't________________(推迟)buyinganewprinterforourcompany.Theonewehavedoesn'twork.③Hecouldn't________________(忍受)thenoise,sohekeptthewindowsshutalldaylong.④Oneshouldalways____________________(储存点钱)forarainyday.⑤Shewashedthecupsand________________(把它们收了起来).►第三版块：典型句式1.notjust...butalso...不但……而且……(教材P58)Hawkingwasfamous,notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology,butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS(adiseasethataffectsmusclecontrol).霍金不仅因在理论物理学和宇宙学方面的杰出探讨而闻名，而且因克服了肌萎缩侧索硬化症(一种影响肌肉限制的疾病)的挑战而令人钦佩。归纳拓展：(1)notonly...butalso...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近”原则。(2)notonly放在句首时，所在的句子要用倒装结构，但butalso后的句子不倒装。(3)AaswellasB“不但B，而且A”，该结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与A保持一样。❶Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,buttheyalsowantreducedworkinghours.护士们不仅想涨工资，而且还想削减工作时间。❷Theboy'sbrotheraswellashisparentsiswillingtodonatebloodtohim.不仅那个男孩的父母，而且他弟弟也情愿给他献血。notjust...butalso...也作notonly...butalso...，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，在本句中连接两个并列的缘由状语。经典例句：Thisisnotjust/onlyanhonourformyself,butalsorecognitionandencouragementforallscientistsinChina.这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国全部科学家的认可和激励。即学即练单句语法填空①NotonlyTombutalsohisparents________(be)invitedtheotherday.②NotonlyhisparentsbutalsoTom________(be)invitedtheotherday.完成句子③Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly______________________(节约了老师的精力),butstudentsalsobecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.④They________________(不但扑灭了大火)butalsosavedpeoplewhowereindanger.同义句转换⑤Heisnotonlyagiftedmusician,butalsoagreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.→Heisagiftedmusician________________________agreatspeakerwhocanalwaysgiveusstudentsencouragement.2．that引导表语从句(教材P59)Histheorywasthattherewasasortofholeinthecentreofablackhole.他的理论是在黑洞的中心还有一种洞。表语从句的引导词有that和whether连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。连接副词when,where,why,how等。其他连接词asif,asthough,because等。❶Myideaisthatweshouldsupportthereformofthelegalsystem.我的想法是我们应当支持法律体系的改革。❷ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.好消息是，我可以帮助我的孩子比我更早地学会如何用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。(“疑问词＋不定式”作learn的宾语)❸Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.这就是父亲教给我的——恒久面对困难，并且抱最好的希望。误区警示：whether引导表语从句时不能替换成if。经典例句：Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。即学即练单句语法填空①Thereasonforyourmistakeis________youlackconfidenceinyourself.②Thequestionis________wecanreducethecostoftheproduct.③Thisplaceisn't________itusedtobe.④Thedoubtis________hasgotawaywiththedocument.⑤Thatwas________wecampedlasttime.⑥Thequestionis________wecandotheworkbetter.⑦Itsounds________________Laurahasbeenreallyill.Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Ireadaloton________(宇宙学)andsubsequentlyareasonableamountofphilosophy.2．The________(雄伟的)designofEurope'smonetaryunionisalreadyagreed.3．Withno________(重力),it'sjustaseasytopedalviolently.4．Histheoriesgiveusanactive________(理论的)andpracticalsignificance.5．Hisevaluationgavemethestrengthto________(克服)thedifficulty.Ⅱ.短语填空inspiteof,onthedecline,separatefrom,lookup,argueabout,bediagnosedwith,regardas,beproudof,pointto,withthehelpof1．Theresidentsofthetown________thenewstadium.2．She________temporarydepression,andhadtogotohospitalduringtheday.3．Canyou________theopeningceremonyonthewebsite?4．Theywentswimming________allthedangersignsandwarnings.5．Anumberofgiftedpeople________thesuccessortothenowvacantpost.6．He________thatmechanicalwatchandtoldusaboutitshistory.7．Nowadays,manystudentsdohomeworkonline________thenetwork.8．Thetwochildren________whatentertainmentprogrammestowatch.9．Innowaycantheory________practice.10．Luckily,therateofviolenceandcrimeintheareais________．Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．Thankfullythesmokingofcigarettesis________thedecline.2．Ifthoseclubsactuallywinsomething,theplayerswillreceivelarge________(bonus).3．Amydiscoveredthatthe________(theory)andwrittenassignmentcameeasilytoher.4．She________(overcome)herfearofbloodaftershebecameasurgeon.5．Thenetworkdescribed________(grand)knowingeverythingaboutthegame.6．Astheeconomywas________decline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.7．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclined________50percentonmorethan46，000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.8．WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe________(decline),sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.9．Inspite________alltheproblems,severaloftheplayersproducedexcellentperformances.10．Theirchildisatthestage________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.11．There,henotonlydidwellasastudent________alsobecameanaccomplishedpublicspeaker.Ⅳ.汉译英(用上括号内的短语)1．尽管他们已想方设法节约用钱，债务照旧在渐渐增多。(inspiteof)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．1929年生产增长率趋于下降。(onthedecline)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________