卓越研究生英语（人文篇）综合教程1 教案 B1U3-Gems-of-the-earth

卓越研究生英语（人文篇）1Unit3Gemsoftheearth卓越研究生英语（人文篇）1Unit3Gemsoftheearth教师用书11Unit3GemsoftheearthSetting自然和文化遗产是我们人类不可或缺的组成部分，但在世界范围内这些遗产不断受到威胁。滥伐森林、过度采矿等不可持续的发展行为使生态系统遭到破坏和退化，最终威胁到自然遗产。文化遗产也同样面临风险，重要的历史遗址、文物和传统面临着武装冲突、战乱掠夺和不当开发造成的破坏和无法弥补的损毁。这种持续破坏的后果是深远的。本单元将探讨如何保护和传承自然和文化遗产Setting自然和文化遗产是我们人类不可或缺的组成部分，但在世界范围内这些遗产不断受到威胁。滥伐森林、过度采矿等不可持续的发展行为使生态系统遭到破坏和退化，最终威胁到自然遗产。文化遗产也同样面临风险，重要的历史遗址、文物和传统面临着武装冲突、战乱掠夺和不当开发造成的破坏和无法弥补的损毁。这种持续破坏的后果是深远的。本单元将探讨如何保护和传承自然和文化遗产（核心议题）。ExploringExploring通过视听（Viewing）和阅读（ReadingA&B）素材，从世界遗产品牌效应、面临的威胁、个人与自然文化遗产的关系探讨遗产保护与传承。Viewing观看视频，了解入选世界遗产名录的条件和标准，以及该名录的作用。Viewing观看视频，了解入选世界遗产名录的条件和标准，以及该名录的作用。ReadingA阅读世界遗产保护的相关文章，解读世界遗产保护面临的挑战及联合国的应对举措。ReadingB阅读茶马古道的相关文章，从不同视角重新探索茶马古道的历史和人文意义。ProducingProducing联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会即将召开一次致力于保护濒危世界遗产的国际会议。委员会成员将在会上介绍他们在本国保护世界遗产的举措和成效。作为中国代表，你将分享中国世界遗产保护的经验和倡议。EvaluatingEvaluating学生从学科知识、学术视听技能、阅读技能、写作技能掌握情况以及任务完成情况评价反思学习效果，明确待改进的方面。教师回顾本单元教学目标：学科知识目标：入选世界遗产名录的条件和意义（Viewing）、世界遗产面临的挑战（ReadingA）、茶马古道的历史和人文意义（ReadingB）学术技能目标：通过视觉线索理解讲座大意（Academiclisteningskill）、推断学术文章的写作意图（Academicreadingskill）、撰写倡议书呼吁保护世界遗产（Academicwritingskill）思政目标：增强学生作为全球公民保护世界遗产的责任意识，使学生具备全球遗产保护现状及举措的全球视野，提高对本民族文化的认同感和对多元遗产文化的理解与尊重，通过团队合作完成真实学术情境任务，在跨文化和跨学科背景下交流保护遗产的想法，增强学生的交流和协作意识与能力。PAGE2PAGE2LeadinginNaturalthreatstoheritagesites:climatechangee.g.increasingtemperatures,risingsealevels,andchangesinprecipitationpatternsgeologicaleventse.g.volcaniceruption,earthquake,andavalanchelocalenvironmente.g.wind,humidity,andradiationMan-madethreatstoheritagesites:transportationinfrastructuree.g.constructionofroads,airports,andharborurbandevelopmente.g.buildingofhouses,largeshoppingmalls,andgolfcoursesserviceinfrastructuree.g.constructionofdams,cellphonetowers,andpowerlinesAdditionalactivityWhatshouldbedonetoaddressthethreatstoheritagesitesmentionedabove?ReferenceanswerMeasurestoaddressnaturalthreats:Climatechangeadaptation:Developsite-specificclimateadaptationplans;Useresilientmaterialsandtechniquestowithstandextremeweather;Implementsustainablepracticestoreducecarbonfootprints.Geologicalhazardpreparedness:Assessvulnerabilitytoearthquakesandlandslides;Strengthenstructuresandfoundationstowithstandgeologicalevents;Developandpracticeemergencyresponseplans.Localenvironmentalmanagement:Addressissuessuchaspollution,erosion,andbiodiversityloss;Implementmeasurestocontrolvegetation,waterflow,andsoilstability;Engagelocalcommunitiesinenvironmentalstewardshipprograms.Measurestoaddressman-madethreats:ImplementstrictzoninglawsandbufferzonestocontrolnearbyImplementstrictzoninglawsandbufferzonestocontrolnearbydevelopment;Conductthoroughimpactassessmentsfornewprojects,ensuringtheydonotharmheritagesites;Promotesustainableurbanplanningthatintegratesheritageconservation;Engagelocalcommunitiesandstakeholdersinpreservationefforts;Enhancemonitoringandenforcementofregulationstopreventillegalconstructionandalterations.Continuouseducation,documentation,andcollaborationwithpolicymakersanddevelopersareessentialtosafeguardingheritagesitesfromvariousthreats.ExploringViewingPre-viewingTobeincludedontheWorldHeritageList,sitesmustbeofoutstandinguniversalvalueandmeetatleastoneoutoftenselectioncriteria.WorldHeritagesitesareselectedonthebasisofsixculturalandfournaturalcriteria:torepresentamasterpieceofhumancreativegenius;toexhibitanimportantinterchangeofhumanvalues,overaspanoftimeorwithinaculturalareaoftheworld,ondevelopmentsinarchitectureortechnology,monumentalarts,town-planningorlandscapedesign;tobearauniqueoratleastexceptionaltestimonytoaculturaltraditionortoacivilizationwhichislivingorwhichhasdisappeared;tobeanoutstandingexampleofatypeofbuilding,architecturalortechnologicalensembleorlandscapewhichillustrates(a)significantstage(s)inhumanhistory;tobeanoutstandingexampleofatraditionalhumansettlement,land-use,orsea-usewhichisrepresentativeofaculture(orcultures),orhumaninteractionwiththeenvironmentespeciallywhenithasbecomevulnerableundertheimpactofirreversiblechange;tobedirectlyortangiblyassociatedwitheventsorlivingtraditions,withideas,orwithbeliefs,withartisticandliteraryworksofoutstandinguniversalsignificance.(TheCommitteeconsidersthatthiscriterionshouldpreferablybeusedinconjunctionwithothercriteria);tocontainsuperlativenaturalphenomenaorareasofexceptionalnaturalbeautyandaestheticimportance;tobeoutstandingexamplesrepresentingmajorstagesofearth’shistory,includingtherecordoflife,significanton-goinggeologicalprocessesinthedevelopmentoflandforms,orsignificantgeomorphicorphysiographicfeatures;tobeoutstandingexamplesrepresentingsignificanton-goingecologicalandbiologicalprocessesintheevolutionanddevelopmentofterrestrial,freshwater,coastalandmarineecosystemsandcommunitiesofplantsandanimals;tocontainthemostimportantandsignificantnaturalhabitatsforin-situconservationofbiologicaldiversity,includingthosecontainingthreatenedspeciesofoutstandinguniversalvaluefromthepointofviewofscienceorconservation.NOTESTheEiffelTower(埃菲尔铁塔)isalandmarkinParis,France.Itisatechnologicalmasterpieceinbuilding-constructionhistory.Rock-Hewnchurches(拉利贝拉岩石教堂)refertothe11medievalmonolithiccavechurchesofthis13th-century“NewJerusalem.”TheyaresituatedinamountainousregionintheheartofEthiopianearatraditionalvillagewithcircular-shapeddwellings.LalibelaisahighplaceofEthiopianChristianity,stilltodayaplaceofpalpigradeanddevotion.CahokiaMounds(卡俄基亚土丘),locatedsome13kmnortheastofStLouis,MissourioftheU.S.A,isthelargestpre-ColumbiansettlementnorthofMexico.Itisastrikingexampleofacomplexchiefdomsociety,withmanysatellitemoundcentersandnumerousoutlyinghamletsandvillages.OkavangoDelta(奥卡万戈三角洲),locatedinnorthwestBotswana,comprisespermanentmarshlandsandseasonallyfloodedplains.Itisoneoftheveryfewmajorinteriordeltasystemsthatdonotflowintoaseaorocean,withawetlandsystemthatisalmostintact.Itisanexceptionalexampleoftheinteractionbetweenclimatic,hydrologicalandbiologicalprocesses.DresdenElbeValley(德累斯顿的埃尔伯峡谷),locatedinGermany,stretchesfromÜbigauPalacetothePillnitzPalaceandtheElbeRiverIsland.Renownedforitsmeadows,thevalleyisanchoredbythePillnitzPalaceandDresden’shistoriccenterwithitsmonumentsandparks.ItwasremovedfromUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListin2009duetoanewbridgethatundermineditsculturalvalue.TheancientcityofPalmyra(帕尔米拉古城)isanoasisintheSyriandesert,northeastofDamascus.Itcontainsthemonumentalruinsofagreatcitythatwasoneofthemostimportantculturalcentersoftheancientworld.Script:UNESCO’sWorldHeritageSites:Protectingtheworld’streasuresInIcelandic,Vatnajökullmeansthewaterglacier.Atover3,000squaremiles,thismassiveicecapcoversmorethan8%ofIceland.“IrememberthefirsttimeI’veseenaglacier,itmovedmyheart.Icouldn’timaginethismassiveiceexisting.”VatnajökullisoneofthelargestglaciersinallofEurope.AndasmyguidepointedoutwhenIvisitedpre-pandemic,ithasanothernoteworthydistinction.“RecentlyrecognizedbyUNESCOasaWorldHeritageSite.”BeingrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthosethingsthatsuresoundsimpressive,butwhatdoesitactuallymean?WhatdoacoralreefinAustralia,acaveinKentucky,andanentirecityinPeruhaveincommon?IheadedtoanofficebuildinginParistogetsomeanswers.“Theideaoftheconventionistoprotectthemostoutstandingplaces,thosewhichhaveoutstandinguniversalvalueforallofhumanityforfuturegenerations.Nowthisbuilding...”MechtildRössleristhedirectorofUNESCO’sWorldHeritageCenter,locatedintheshadowoftheEiffelTower,which,yes,ispartofanotherWorldHeritageSite.UNESCO,theUnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization,adoptedtheWorldHeritageConventionin1972.Theirfirstlistofoutstandingplacesincluded12spots,rangingfromEthiopia’sRock-HewnchurchestoYellowstoneNationalPark.Todaytherearemorethan1,100WorldHeritageSites.Thereareculturallysignificantlocations,likeIndia’sTajMahal,andIllinois’prehistoricCahokiaMounds,andnaturallyimpressivelocations,likeEngland’sJurassicCoastandBotswana’sOkavangoDelta.Thisweek,thecommitteeismeetingvirtually,reviewingdozensofpossibleadditionstothelist.“Igetmanyletterseveryday.Peoplewrite,whyisthischurchorthiscityorthisparknotprotectedbyUNESCO?”Forstarters,WorldHeritageSitesmustbenominatedbytheirhomecountryandmeetatleastoneoftendefinedcriteria.Itcanbeamasterpieceofhumancreativegenius,oritcanbethemostimportanthabitatforaspecificanimal.Iceland’sVatnajökullwasdeemedgeologicallysignificant.HelgaArnadóttirisaparkmanagerforVatnajökull,whichsitsontopofanactivevolcano.Icelandicofficialsspentyearspreparinga362submissiontowinUNESCO’sapprovalin2019.2020wasthefirstyearUNESCOdidn’tnameanynewsites.Thepandemicpreemptedtheannualcommitteemeeting.“Itseemsinawaythatit’sabrandname.Isitmorethanthat?Isitmorethanjustabrand?”“Itismuchmorethanabrand.Thebrandisveryimportant,butit’sreallyaninternationalsystemforprotection.”WhileUNESCOmonitorsthesites,itgenerallydoesn’tfundthem.Theorganization’spowerislargelytiedtoitsprestige.“Becauseithasthisrecognitionandalsothetourismindustryisinvestingaroundthesesitesbecausetheseare,ofcourse,keyattractions.SoyouseetheWorldHeritagestatushelps.”ButwhatUNESCOgivesit,itcanalsotakeitaway.In62009,Germany’sDresdenElbeValleywastakenofftheWorldHeritagelistafteramodernbridgewasbuiltacrossthelandscape.“Ithinkitwasawake-upcallthatyoucannotjustdowhatyouwant.Youcannotdoadevelopmentwhichmaybethreateningthereasonswhythesitewaslistedinthefirstplace.”“Morethanaquartermillionpeoplekilled.Morethan11millionhavelosttheirhomes.ButthegreatesttreasurelostwastheancientcityofPalmyra,aWorldHeritagesite.”Some,likePalmyrainSyria,arethreatenedbecausethey’reinconflictzones.Others,likethetropicalrainforestofSumatra,arethreatenedduetoongoingpoachingandagriculturalexploitation.BackhereatVatnajokullNationalPark,aswithallsites,alistingalonedoesn’treallychangealotintheshortterm.Except,perhaps,forperceptions.“Itmakesyouactuallyreallyproud.ItwasofgreatvalueforIcelanders,butnowitisofgreatvalueforthewholeworld.”Analyticalviewing1WorldHeritagesiteWhatdothesesiteshaveincommonGeologicallysignificantinternationalsystemforprotectionConflictsPoachingExercisesonlineB.TheEiffelTowerD.Notre-DameCathedralB.TheEiffelTowerD.Notre-DameCathedralF.YellowstoneNationalParkH.TheHistoricCenterofViennaJ.MogaoCaves7A.PalmyrainSyriaC.Botswana’sOkavangoDeltaE.Illinois’prehistoricCahokiaMoundsG.TheGreatWallI.ThetropicalrainforestofSumatraPAGE25PAGE25AListofWorldHeritageSitesIceland’sVatnajökullIceland’sVatnajökull1 Ethiopia’sRock-HewnChurches2 Mahal3 England’sJurassicCoast4 Germany’sDresdenElbe5 6 AnswerBFECAI3Answerthefollowingquestions. WhatkindofsitescouldbedesignatedandprotectedundertheWorldHeritageConvention? WhatmotivatesnationsandcommunitiestoapplyfortheWorldHeritagedesignation? Howdoyouunderstand“ButwhatUNESCOgivesit,itcanalsotakeitaway”?Giveexamplestoillustrateyouropinion.ReferenceanswerAccordingtothevideo,sitesthatcouldbedesignatedandprotectedundertheWorldHeritageConventionincludethosethatmeetatleastoneofthetendefinedcriteriaandhaveoutstandinguniversalvalueforallofhumanityforfuturegenerations.Thesitecouldbeamasterpieceofhumancreativegenius,asignificanthabitatforaspecificanimal,orgeologicallysignificant,amongotherpossibilities.NationsandcommunitiesaremotivatedtoapplyfortheWorldHeritagedesignationbecauseUNESCOWorldHeritagerecognitionnotonlybringsprestige,butalsoprovidesinternationalrecognitionandprotectionforthesesites.Italsohelpsattracttourismandinvestment,whichcontributestothelocaleconomy.Inaddition,thedesignationcanraiseawarenessoftheimportanceofpreservingthesesitesforfuturegenerations.ThismeansthatUNESCOcangiveaWorldHeritagesiteanamethatenhancesitsprestigeandstatus,oritcandisqualifyaWorldHeritagesitethatisnotadequatelyprotected,thusactingasawatchdogandwarning.TheDresdenElbeValley,whichwasstrippedofitsWorldHeritagestatusbecauseanewbridgechangedthelandscape,isanexampleofthelatter.Languagefocus(online)WordsandphrasesCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewords.criterionconventionvirtuallynominateongoingexploitationLastLastmonth,they thehistoricbuildingforinclusiononthelistofInternationalInternationalcollaborationsand dialoguesbetweencountriesplaya2TheheritagepreservationassociationhasestablishedasetTheheritagepreservationassociationhasestablishedasetof forwho3thetheadventof realitytechnology,individualscannowexplore4The The ofculturalheritagesitesforcommercialgainposesasignificant5ThisThisinternational isquiteimportantinunifyingglobaleffortsto6achievesustainabledevelopment.AnswernominatedongoingcriteriavirtualexploitationconventionReadingAPre-readingAdvantagesofasitereceivingWorldHeritagestatus:Prestigeandinternationalrecognition:WorldHeritagestatuselevatesasite’sglobalprofile,attractingvisitorsandenhancingitsreputation.Increasedtourismandeconomicbenefits:Economicbenefitsflowtolocalcommunitiesastourismgrowthdrivesrevenue,jobs,andinvestment.Technicalandfinancialsupport:UNESCOanditspartnersprovidetechnicalassistance,expertise,andfinancialsupporttohelpcountriesprotectandmanagetheirWorldHeritagesites.DisadvantagesofasitereceivingWorldHeritagestatus:Increasedtourismpressureandovercrowding:Theinfluxoftouristscanoverburdeninfrastructure,leadingtocongestionandenvironmentalissues.Excessivecommercializationandlossofauthenticity:Commercialinterestsmayoverdevelopsites,erodingtheiroriginalcharacterandculturalsignificance.Financialburdenanddependency:Relianceonexternalfundingcanbevulnerableiffinancialsupportdwindles,andsitepreservationcanbeburdensomeforcountrieswithunstablepoliticalandeconomicconditions,leadingtoirreversibledamagetothesitesthemselves.LanguagepointsSecond,Austrianslovewintersports.ThishasmanifesteditselfinaritualheldintheheartofViennaatthebeginningofeveryyearsince1996:theconstructionofaseasonalice-skatingrink,drawinghundredsofthousandsofvisitors.(Para.2)Meaning:Secondly,Austrianshaveapassionforwintersports.Thispassionisshownthroughanannualtraditionthatstartedin1996.AtthestartofeveryyearinthecenterofVienna,atemporaryice-skatingrinkisbuilt,attractinghundredsofthousandsofvisitors.manifestitself(insth.):toappearorbecomenoticeable显现；使人注意到Theartist’screativityoftenmanifestsitselfintheiruniqueandvibrantartwork.Inotherwords,ice-skatingisasVienneseassausagesandsymphonies.(Para.2)Meaning:Toputitdifferently,Vienneselikeice-skatingasmuchastheylikesausagesandsymphonies.Aloveofice-skating,sausagesandsymphoniesisadistinctivefeatureoftheViennese.Sotheideaofapermanentrink,housedinsideahigh-risecomplextominimizeobstructiontopedestrians,wouldnothavebeenexpectedtoinvitecontroversy.(Para.2)Meaning:Thelastingicerinkwasbuilttokeepwalkwaysclear.Thus,itwasunexpectedthatthebuildingshouldleadtoanydisagreement.minimizevt.toreducesth.esp.sthbad,tothelowestpossiblelevel使减少到最低限度Therailcompanyisbringinginmoretrainsinanefforttominimizedisruptiontotravelers.invite:vt.tomakesth.esp.sthbadorunpleasant,likelytohappen招致（尤指坏事）Allowingasixteen-year-oldtostayoutallnightisjustinvitingtrouble.IfthecityfailstosatisfactorilyaddresstheCommittee’sconcerns,itrisksbeingpermanently“de-listed”asaUNESCOlandmark.(Para.3)Meaning:Ifthecitydoesn’tproperlydealwiththeCommittee’sworries,itcouldloseitsstatusasaWorldHeritagesite.address:vt.(fml.)tothinkaboutaproblemorasituationanddecidehowyouaregoingtodealwithit设法解决；处理；对付Youressaydoesnotaddresstherealissues.UNESCOhaspreferredtoframeitsworkatAngkorasamodelforthemanagementofahugesitethatattractsmillionsofvisitorsandsustainsalargelocalpopulation.(Para.7)Meaning:UNESCOconsidersitseffortsatAngkorasanexcellentexampleofhowtomanageabigsite.Thissitedrawsmillionsoftouristsandsupportsasignificantnumberoflocalresidents.framevt.topresentordescribesthinaparticularway（以某种方式）呈现或描述Thecompany’sno-smokingpolicywasframedasawaytoprotectemployeesfromsecondhandsmoke.Flawedandattimespowerlessthoughitmaybe,theWorldHeritageprogramremainsrelevant,ifonlybecauseoftheprincipleitespouses.(Para.13)Meaning:TheWorldHeritageprogramisimperfectsometimesandlacksinfluence.However,itisstillmeaningfulbecauseoftheprincipleitpromotes.flawed:a.havingaflawdamagedorspoiled有错误的；有缺点的；有瑕疵的Thesetestsweresoseriouslyflawedastorendertheresultsmeaningless.relevant:a.havingideasthatarevaluableandusefultopeopleintheirlivesandwork有价值的；有意义的Theresearchconductedbytheteamishighlyrelevant,offeringpracticalinsightsthatcanbedirectlyappliedtoimproveemployeesatisfaction.espouse:vt.(fml.)togiveyoursupporttoabelief,policyetc.支持，拥护，赞成（信仰、政策等）Ithasbeenrhetoricallyespousedbypoliticiansandskepticallyanalyzedbyacademics.If,atsuchmoments,theWorldHeritageCommitteeexistsonlyasafocalpointwhereconscienceissummoned,thenthenext50yearsmayfinditmoreimportantthanever.(Para.13)Meaning:TheWorldHeritageCommitteeismainlyseenasacentertosummonupconscienceduringsuchtime.Inthenexthalf-century,itcouldbecomeevenmorecrucial.focalpoint:athingorpersonthatisthecenterofinterestoractivity焦点Thefocalpointoftheliteraturereviewwastheevolutionofrenewableenergytechnologiesoverthepastdecade.conscience:n.[C,U]thepartofyourmindthattellsyouwhetheryouractionsarerightorwrong良心；良知IhavebattledwithmyconscienceoverwhetherIshouldactuallysendthisletter.summon:vt.(~sth.up)tomakeanefforttoproduceaparticularqualityinyourself,esp.whenyoufinditdifficult鼓起；振作；使出Ittookthreeyearstosummonthecouragetostepoutsidemycomfortzone.A

世界遗产地位足以拯救濒危遗址吗？201612月，奥地利维也纳市政府宣布了一个当时听起来很受欢迎的消息：一家公私合营企业将在拥有百年历史的维也纳音乐厅外新建一个溜冰场。对于那些参观过贝多芬、莫扎特和弗洛伊德的光辉诞生地的人来说，以下两个特点显而易见。第一，维也纳核心区是由巴洛克式宫殿、完美无暇的庭院和新哥特式市政厅组成的建筑梦幻圣地。第二，奥地利人热爱冬季运1996年以来，每年年初都会在维也纳市中心举行一场仪式：建造季节性溜冰场，吸引数十万游客。换句话说，溜冰就像香肠和交响乐一样具有维也纳特色。因此，建造一个永久性溜冰场的想法按理是不会引起争议的。溜冰场建在高层建筑群内，将最大限度地减少对行人的阻碍。然而，一个重要的利益相关方极力反对：联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会，它认为新建筑群将破坏维也纳历史中心“突出的普遍价值”。2001年以来被列为世界遗产，是联合国教科文组织认为值得保护的全球众多独特地标之一。自宣布反对修建高层溜冰场以来，世界遗产委员会已将维也纳列入“濒危”名单。如果该市不能圆满地解决委员会关注的问题，它将面临被联合国教科文组织永久“除名”的风险。一座备受尊敬的城市及其深受喜爱的娱乐活动间的争议，给世界遗产项目带来了意外的关注。其理事机构——联合国教科文组织——是战后促进文化理解与和平全球行动的一部分。1972年，参与国批准了联合国教科文组织《世界遗产公约》，以保护具有重要历史意义的遗址免受军事冲突、自然灾害、掠夺和经济压力的影响。维也纳历史中心并非一成不变，保护这样一个城区本身就是一个充满争议的命题。这也是联合国教科文组织项目自成立以来一直在努力克服的几个挑战之一。其中最重要的是其核心章程：通过唤起人们对世界各地标志性古迹、景观和栖息地的关注，提高人们的文化意识。毫无疑问，世界遗产名录成功地把游客吸引到偏远的、往往经济落后的地方。然而，要防止游客成为洪水猛兽，它的成绩喜忧参半。例如，位于越南中部海岸的会安村曾一度沉寂，如今村里狭窄的街道却被大量游客挤得水泄不通。在联合国教科文组织的施压下，有些地方成功地自行控制了过度旅游，比如克罗地亚的杜布罗夫尼克古城对历史中心的游客数量设置了上限。还有柬埔寨的吴哥窟遗址，一度只有祭司才能进入。1992年，吴哥窟被列入世界遗产名录，此后就开始吸引大量游客。预计在未来几十年内，该遗址将迎来数量惊人的游客。联合国教科文组织将其在吴哥的工作成果描述为：吸引数百万游客并维持大量当地居民生活的大型遗址的管理典范。但它也承认，大规模的旅游活动威胁到该地区的地下水位，进而危及遗址本身的稳定性。让世界遗产免受恶意行为者的破坏早已超出联合国教科文组织的能力范围。从叙利亚的阿勒颇到也门的萨那，蓄意将国家文化瑰宝作为攻击目标以示军事挑衅的行为屡见不鲜。最近，联合国教科文组织不得不面对新的敌人：气候变化。2007年，该组织发布了一篇论文，科学家们在文中警示，不同的世界遗产正面临日益严重的威胁，其中包括冰川、生物多样性热点地区和考古地标，例如，秘鲁昌昌城庞大的前西班牙时期土城正在遭受厄尔尼诺现象带来的强降水威胁。在这方面，联合国教科文组织可支配的工具也很有限。例如，澳大利亚传198120212022311在不太富裕的国家，联合国教科文组织的影响力往往要大得多。以中美洲11在不太富裕的国家，联合国教科文组织的影响力往往要大得多。以中美洲“富有远见的”努力。2018“富有远见的”努力。20182009也许最著名的濒危世界遗产是意大利的威尼斯。这座潟湖城市正面临着两个严峻的问题：令人震惊的过度旅游以及因气候变化导致的日益加剧的洪2021显，也不是决定性的，但仍然很重要。尽管世界遗产项目有缺陷，有时也缺乏影响力，但它仍然具有重要意义，就算仅仅是因为它所信奉的原则。这一原则既简单又麻烦：世界上的各种珍宝无法保护自己，因此需要保护。所以有必要指出，正如联合国教科文组织所说的那样，溜冰场会危及维也纳历史中心。如果在这种时候，世界50AnalyticalreadingReadingandunderstanding1Overtourismcapthenumberof(its)visitorsMilitarybelligerence/ConflictsBeyonditscapabilitiesClimatechange“indanger”listtheWorldHeritageprogramremainsrelevantarousereaders’awarenessofprotectingWorldHeritagesitesExercisesonline2Matcheachofthefollowingstatementswiththeparagraphthatcontainsthecorrespondinginformation.TheHistoricCenterofwasdeclaredaUNESCOHeritageSitein2001.TheHeritagedesignationhasundeniablybeeneffectiveindrawingtouriststopoorerandmoreremoteareas.AlthoughskatingisabelovedViennesetradition,theproposalforapermanentrinkinahigh-risecomplexsparkedcontroversy.IntenserainfallcausedbyElNiñoposesthreatstothepre-HispaniccityinPeru.UNESCOthreatenedtoputtheGreatBarrierReefonthe“indanger”listduetoinsufficienteffortstoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Answerparagraph3paragraph6paragraph2paragraph9paragraph103Answerthefollowingquestions.WhatarethelimitationsandchallengesthatUNESCOfacesinensuringthepreservationofHeritagesites?Whatrolecouldlocalauthoritiesplayinbalancingthepreservationofhistoricsiteswithmodernconstruction?WhatmeasurescanUNESCOtaketomitigatetheimpactofclimatechangeonHeritagesites,especiallygiventhelimitedtoolsandleveragethattheorganizationhas?ReferenceanswerFirst,WorldHeritagedesignationhasundoubtedlybeensuccessfulinattractingvisitorstoisolated,ofteneconomicallydisadvantagedplaces,butmasstourismhasalsothreatenedtheenvironmentandlocallife.Second,ithasbeenbeyondUNESCO’scapacitytoprotectWorldHeritagesitesfromthreatssuchasmilitarybelligerence.Third,UNESCOfacesanewenemy–climatechange–forwhichithaslimitedtools.Localauthoritiesplayapivotalroleinmanagingthebalancebetweenpreservinghistoricsitesandallowingmodernconstructionbyimplementingseveralstrategies.Theseincludedraftingandenforcingpreservationlaws,adoptingzoningandlanduseplans,offeringincentivesforrestorationandcompatibledevelopment,andestablishingdesignreviewprocesses.Thiscomprehensiveapproachensuresthatnewconstructionisarchitecturallycompatiblewiththeexistinghistoriccharacter,respectingthepastwhilemeetingtheneedsofthepresentandfuture.UNESCOcanleverageitsinfluencetomitigateclimatechange’simpactonWorldHeritagesitesthroughvariousmeasures.Firstly,itcanraiseawarenessaboutthevulnerabilityofthesesites,seekingpublicandpoliticalbackingforconservation.Secondly,itcanoffertechnicalassistanceandtrainingtobuildcapacityandexpertiseinclimateadaptation.Thirdly,itcanintegrateclimatechangeintositemanagementplans,conductingvulnerabilityassessmentsandimplementingadaptivestrategies.Fourthly,itcanfosterpartnershipsforresourcepoolingandinnovation.Fifthly,itcanadvocateforclimatechangepoliciesthatsupportsiteprotection.Inaddition,UNESCOcanimprovemonitoringandreportingontheeffectsofclimatechange.Finally,cooperationwithinternationalbodiessuchastheUNFCCC(UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange)andIPCC(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange)canimprovecoordinationandknowledgesharing.Despiteitslimitedtools,UNESCO’sgloballeadershipcanadvanceinternationaleffortstoprotectthesesites.ThinkingbeyondThereareseveralmeasuresthatcanbetakentoaddressthebalancebetweencommunitydevelopmentandheritageconservationinordertoachievesustainabledevelopment:Sustainabletourismmanagement:Controlvisitornumbers,limitaccesstosensitiveareas,andpromoteresponsibletourismpractices.Promotingappreciationandraisingawarenessofthreats:Educationfostersappreciationofculturalheritage,bothtangibleandintangible,andinformscommunitiesaboutriskssuchasurbandevelopment,naturaldisasters,climatechange,andpollution,andencouragesthemtoprotecttheirheritage.Economicincentivesforlocalcommunities:Encouragecommunity-basedtourisminitiatives,supportlocalbusinesses,provideemploymentopportunitiesthatutilizelocalskillsandexpertise,andreinvesttourismrevenuesinthepreservationandmaintenanceofheritagesites.Fundingandrestorationplans:Provideadequatefundingformaintenanceandapplystrictguidelinesandregulationstominimizenegativeimpacts.Collaborationandinternationalcooperation:Sharebestpractices,exchangeknowledge,andcollaborateonchallengesamongstakeholders,governmentagencies,andinternationalorganizations.Overall,balancingcommunitydevelopmentandheritageconservationrequiresacomprehensiveapproachthataddressesenvironmental,social,andeconomicfactors.Languagefocus(online)Wordsandphrases1Replacetheunderlinedwordsinthesentenceswiththebestwordsfromthefourchoices.Theluminousbeautyofendangeredsitesservesasapowerfulreminderoftheurgentneedfortheirprotectionandpreservation.AAdull Bflaming Cbrilliant DdimEffectivemanagementisneededtoensurethattourismactivitiesdonotbecomeanobstructiontotheconservationofHeritagesites.AAaccess Bimpediment Coption DaccessoryTheUNESCOurgedallmemberstoratifytheagreementtoprotectandpreserveHeritagesites.AAconfirm Bparticipate Cclarify DprohibitThePyramidsofGizainEgypthavelongbeenrecognizedasasymbolofhumaningenuityandhaveearnedthedesignationasoneofthemosticonicHeritagesites.AAgame Bvacancy Clabel Dstatusthedevelopmentoftechnology,onlineplatformsandvirtualtourshavemadeChina’shistoricalheritagemoreaccessibletopeoplearoundtheworld.AAobscure Breachable Cfeasible DintangibleAnswerCBADBStructure2 TranslatetheChinesesentencesintoEnglishbyusingif-clauses.Model:In