高中英语学业水平测试复习题型Ⅱ专题3主旨大意题课件

第三部分突破五大题型专题3主旨大意题——整体理解，概括归纳英语阅读理解部分的主旨大意题要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的大意、标题或目的设题。[常见的设问方式]1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2．Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?3．Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis________．4．Thepassagemainlyfocuseson________．5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?6．WhatisParagraphXmainlyabout?7．Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?[选项特征]1．正确选项的特征。(1)概括性强，覆盖全文或全段主要内容。(2)范围恰当，既不太大也不太小。(3)精准到位，所使用的概括性语言不因为是概括语言而失去表意的程度和色彩。2．干扰选项的特征。(1)概括过度。所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。(2)以偏概全。所给选项只归纳概括了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。(3)偷梁换柱。所给选项被命题者有意识地把不属于主旨大意的内容放在了此处，若不注意，就可能选错。(4)无中生有。所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无关系。[解题技法]技法一最佳标题——“高度概括”定标题记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。

一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括准——准确而又简短；针对性强——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。所以常用“高度概括”来定标题的方法解此类试题。1．所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。2．一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。技法二文章大意题——“主题句定位”寻主旨说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题目。常用“主题句定位”的方法来寻找文章的主旨大意。文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解各段落中心大意的基础上的。首先找出每段的主题句(各段的主题句常是该段的首句或尾句)，然后将各段主题句进行整体归纳便得出文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在各段意之中，这就需要对各段进行加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：1．主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。2．主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。3．主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。4．主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。查找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表示转折的词汇(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等词。技法三段落大意题——首尾兼顾细揣摩段落大意类题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都会围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。破解此类试题需要首尾兼顾和对段落整体上仔细揣摩。要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如果该段是按总分顺序组织(首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述)这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给我们，这就需要充分发挥我们的阅读理解能力与判断力，用自己的话归纳出段落大意。Passage1Over70percentofthe“double

single­child

couples”inChinaneedhelpfromtheirparentsintakingcareoftheirownkids，accordingtoarecentsurvey.Women

of

Chinamagazineandaconsultingcompanycarriedoutasurveyrecentlyonyoungcouplesofthe“single­child”generation，theMorning

Post

reports.Thecouplessurveyedwerearound29andhavebeenmarriedforthreeyearsonaverage，withuniversityeducationandmonthlyincomeof4，000yuan($531)．Amongthem，43.5percenthavekids.Resultsshowthat71.9percentoftheyoungcoupleshavehelpfromtheirparentsintakingcareoftheirkids.Grownupasthe“single­child”，theonlychildinafamilysincethefamilyplanningpolicywhichwasadoptedin1979，thisgenerationdependsmuchontheirparents.Theparentsofthe“single­child”generationfocusedmoreontheirchildren'sphysicalwell­beingratherthantheirattitudesandvalues，accordingtosomepsychologists.Theresearchalsofoundthatthe“double

single­childcouples”followarathertraditionalvaluesystem.Surveyshowsthat27.5percentofthemgotmarriedafterdatingforonetotwoyears，25.2percenttwotofiveyears，and20percentdidn'ttietheknotuntildatingforfiveyears.Also，30percentofthecoupleswereschoolmates，while43.8percentwereintroducedbysomeone.Sincetheirmarriageisbasedonenduringrelationships，65.2percentofthehusbandsand62.9percentofthewivesthinkthatcompromise(妥协)andtolerance(宽容)arenecessaryintheirmarriage.Meanwhile，21.7percentofthehusbandsand37.1percentofthewivessupporttheideathathappinessisthekeystandardforamarriage.1．Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe“________”．A．MumandDad，takecareofmykidpleaseB．Doublesingle­childcouplesC．TheproblemofthesinglechildD．ArecentsurveybyWomen

of

China【语篇解读】

本文主要介绍了让父母照顾孩子的社会现象。A文章首段就点明了文章的论点——很多双独生子女夫妇让父母为他们照顾孩子。下文就围绕这一论点展开具体论述。2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTsupportedbythepassage?A．Themajorityofthe“double

single­child

couples”inChinadependmuchontheirparents.B．Theparentsofthe“single­child”generationcaredmoreabouttheirstudyandeducation.C．One­fifthofthecouplessurveyeddidn'tgetmarrieduntildatingforfiveyears.D．Allthecouplessurveyedhaveuniversityeducationand30percentofthemwereschoolmates.B从文章第五段可知这些独生子女的父母更多地关心他们的身体健康，而不是他们的态度和价值观，这里的态度和价值观当然包括他们的学习观和教育观，故B项表述错误，符合题意。其他选项文中均有表述。3．Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsabout“double

single­child

couples”isTRUE?A．Theyaresinglechildrenineitherfamilyandtheyareindependentontheirparents.B．Theyaresinglechildrenineitherfamilyandtheyaredependentontheirparents.C．Theyhaveatleasttwochildrenandcanaffordtosupportthemselves.D．They，whowereintroducedbysomeone，followarathertraditionalvaluesystem.B文章第四段提到他们都是独生子女，并且很依赖他们的父母。4．Thetraditionalvaluesystemmentionedinthepassagereferstoonethat________．A．parentsareconcernedabouttheirchildren'sphysicallifeaswellasthespirituallifeB．mostcoupleswereintroducedbysomeoneandmadedatingforalongtimeC．oncebegun，doublesingle­childcouples'marriagewilllastforeverD．thecouplesthinkthatcompromiseandtolerancearenecessaryintheirmarriageD由文章最后一段可知，传统价值观念包括：夫妇双方都要有一定的妥协和容忍。由第五段可以排除A项；

由第七段可以排除B项；C项文中没有提到。5．Accordingtothepassage，wecanlearnthat_______isnecessaryinamarriage.A．wealth

B．healthC．understanding D．educationC由最后一段“...65.2percentofthehusbandsand62.9percentofthewivesthinkthatcompromise(妥协)andtolerance(宽容)arenecessaryintheirmarriage.”中的compromise和tolerance可知C项为正确答案。A、B、D三项文中也有涉及，但都不是最准确的。Passage2MillionsofpeoplepassthroughthegatesofDisney'sentertainmentparksinCalifornia，FloridaandJapaneachyear.Whatmakestheseplacesanalmostuniversalattraction？WhatmakesforeignkingsandqueensandotherimportantpeoplewanttovisittheseDisneyparks？Well，onereasonisthewaythey'retreatedoncetheygetthere.ThepeopleatDisneygooutoftheirwaytoservetheir“guests”，astheyprefertocallthem，andtoseethattheyenjoythemselves.Allnewemployees，fromvicepresidentstopart­timeworkers，begintheiremploymentbyattendingDisneyUniversityandtaking“Traditions1”．Here，theylearnaboutthecompany'shistory，howitismanagedandwhyitissuccessful.Theyareshownhoweachdepartmentrelatestothewhole.Allemployeesareshownhowtheirpartisimportantinmakingtheparkasuccess.Afterpassing“Traditions1”，theemployeesgoontomorespecializedtrainingfortheirspecificjobs.Nodetailismissed.Asimplejobliketakingticketsrequiresfoureight­hourdaysoftraining.Whenonetickettakerwasaskedwhyittooksomuchtrainingforsuchasimple，ordinaryjob，hereplied，“Whathappensifsomeonewantstoknowwheretherestroomsare，whentheparadestartsorwhatbustotakebacktothecampgrounds？...Weneedtoknowtheanswersorwheretogetthemquickly.Ourconstantaimistohelpourguestsenjoytheparty.”EvenDisney'smanagersgetinvolvedinthedailymanagementofthepark.Everyyear，themanagersleavetheirdesksandbusinesssuitsandputonspecialserviceclothes.Forafullweek，thebossessellhotdogsoricecream，taketicketsordrivethemonorail(单轨车)，andtakeupanyofthe100jobsthatmaketheentertainmentparkcomealive.Themanagersagreethatthisweekhelpsthemtoseethecompany'sgoalsmoreclearly.AlltheseeffortstoservethepublicwellhavemadeWaltDisneyProductionsfamous.DisneyisconsideredbymanyasthebestmassserviceproviderinAmericaortheworld.Asonelong­timebusinessobserveroncesaid，“HowDisneytreatspeople，communicateswiththem，andrewardsthem，isinmyviewtheveryreasonforhisfiftyyearsofsuccess...Ihavewatched，verycarefullyandwithgreatrespectandadmiration，thetheoryandpracticeofsellingsatisfactionandservingmillionsofpeopleonadailybasis，successfully.ItiswhatDisneydoesbest.”1．ThefirstdaytheycometoDisneyparks，allnewemployees________．A．beginastickettakersB．mustlearnseveraljobsC．beginbyreceivingon­the­jobtrainingD．havealreadyattendedDisneyUniversity【语篇解读】

本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司通过严格的训练管理和优质的服务吸引了来自世界各地的人们。C从第二段“Allnewemployees，fromvicepresidentstopart­timeworkers，begintheiremploymentbyattendingDisneyUniversityandtaking'Traditions1'．”和后面所讲述的训练情况可知，每一个新职员必须进行工作培训。2．ThemaingoaloftheDisneyemployeesisto______．A．learnallpartsofthebusinessB．keeptheirimportantguestshappyC．beabletoanswerallkindsofquestionsD．seethattheirguestsenjoythemselvesD根据文中第三段最后一句话“Ourconstantaimistohelpourguestsenjoytheparty.”可知，迪斯尼乐园员工的目的是为了让客人过得高兴。3．Eachyear，managerswearspecialserviceclothesandworkintheparkto________．A．gainabetterviewofthecompany'sobjectiv