名词性从句之宾语从句 高三英语一轮复习

宾语从句Objectclausethe

clause

thatactsasthe

object

ofa

verborprepositionobjectIngeneralwhenwelookatanEnglishsentencetoseewhoisdoingwhattowhom(grammaticallyspeaking),wecansaythatthesubjectdoessomethingtotheobject:{subject}+doessomethingto+{object}JesseOwens+won+4goldmedals.I+believe+yoursister.Theobjectsinthesetwoexamplesabovearetwonounphrases‏‎:

4goldmedals

and

yoursister.However,wecanalsouseacompleteclauseastheobjectofasentence(aclausecontainsaverbandanoun).Hereisasimpleclause:Youarewrong.Whenweusethisasanobjectinasentence,itbecomesan

objectclause:{subject}+{verb}+{objectclause}I+believe+

youarewrong.在复合句中做动词或介词的宾语的句子称为宾语从句。比如，Heknew（that）heshouldstudyhard.

他知道他应该努力学习。

Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein？

您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？

Heaskedmeifhecouldcomein.

他问我他是否能进来。Iknow

heislying.Wedidn’trealize

shewassoill.PeoplesaythatJesseOwenswasoneofthemostimportantathletesofthe20thCentury.宾语从句三要素：引导词，时态，语序宾语从句的引导词：that,whether,if;what,who,whom,whose;when,where,how,why;1.从属连词that.一般那情况下可以省略。

Hetoldusthathefeltill.

Iknowhehasreturned.

2.从属连词if/whether.如：

Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.

Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.

3.连接词WhoYouknowwhothesepeopleare.

Policehavenotbeenabletofindoutwhowasresponsiblefortheforgeries.

Iwentovertostartupaconversation,askingherwhosheknewattheparty.whomHeaskedwhomI'dtoldabouthishavingbeenaway.

Helikestoknowwhomyou'vemet.

Ihaveresigned,andtheyhaveafreehandtoappointwhomtheylikeinmyplace.

WhoseI'mwonderingwhosemothersheisthen.

Ican'trememberwhoseideaitwasforustomeetagain.

Iwonderedwhosethecoatwas.

Thatkindofpersonlikestospendmoney.Itdoesn'tmatterwhoseitis.

WhatYoucanimaginewhatitwouldbelikedrivingacarintoabrickwallat30milesanhour.

IwanttoknowwhathappenedtoNorman.

Doyouknowwhatthoseidiotshavedone?

Sheturnedscarletfromembarrassment,oncesherealizedwhatshehaddone.Whoorwhathewas，Martinneverlearned.

Iwonderwhathe’swritingtomeabout.which

Youmustchoose

whichflavoroficecreamyouwant.WhoeverIwilltell

whoeverwilllisten

myfrighteningstory.WhateverJosieisnotinterestedin

whateverKylesays.whichever

WherePeoplebeganlookingacrosstoseewherethenoisewascomingfrom.

HeknewwhereHenryCarterhadgone.

ErnestBrownlivesaboutadozenblocksfromwheretheriotsbegan.

It'snothardtoseewhereshegotherfeelingsaboutherself.

Shehadafeelingshealreadyknewwherethisconversationwasgoingtolead.when

Iaskedhimwhenhe'dbebacktopickmeup.

Idon'tknowwhenthedecisionwasmade.

Itisimportanttocheckwhenthelaboratorycandothetests.

Weallasked

whenyouassignedthat.

howTwohistoricalquestions–youcananswerthemhowyoulike.

It'syourlife,soliveithowyouwant!

Tellmehowhedidit.It'samazinghowpeoplecollectsomuchstuffovertheyears.

It'sfunnyhowIneverseemtogetathingdoneonmydayoff.

It'simportanttobecomeacutelyawareofhowyoureatingtiesinwithyourstresslevel.

why

I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.

形容词后的宾语从句beaware/certain/afraid/confident/anxious/doubtfulthatIamconfidentthatIcangetthejob.主系表宾语从句宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态变化规律：

主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。主句为一般过去时或

过去的某种时态，例如：一般过去，过去进行，过去完成，过去将来等，从句一般相应也用过去时。如果主句的时态不是一般现在时，主从句的时态必须一致，否则容易逻辑混乱。主从句中，主句的时态决定了从句的时态。Iknewyouwouldcometoseethedoctor.Iknewyouwoulddothiswork.Iknewyouhaddonethiswork.Iknewyouweredoingthiswork.Iknewyoudidthiswork.Youcan’timaginehowexcitedtheywerewhentheyreceivedthesenicepresents.

注意：当宾语从句说到自然现象或普遍真理时，不管主句时态如何，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.宾语从句的语序a.陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

陈述句：Heisanhonestman.

他是一个诚实的人。

宾语从句：Isaidhewasanhonestman.

（连词that可省）

我说他是一个诚实的人。

陈述句：We'llWin.

我们会赢。

宾语从句：Webelievewe'llwin.

我们相信我们会赢。

b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。

一般疑问句：Doeshestudyhard？

他学习认真吗？

宾语从句：Iwonderif（whether）hestudieshard.

我不知道他是否认真学习。

一般疑问句：Willtheywin？他们会赢吗？

宾语从句：Iaskedif（whether）theywouldwin.

我问他们是否会赢。

c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词（即保留原来的疑问词）。

特殊疑问句：Whoishe？

他是谁？

宾语从句：Doyouknowwhoheis？

你知道他是谁吗？

特殊疑问句：Whatdoeshewant？

宾语从句：Idon'tknowwhathewants.

我不知道他要什么。

注意

Whowentthere？

（特殊疑问句）

谁去那里呢？

Iwonderwhowentthere.

（宾语从句）

我不知道谁去那里。

因为是对主语提问，所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时，语序依然不变。

特殊疑问句：Whendidheleave？

他何时离开的？

宾语从句：Iknowwhenheleft.

我知道他是什么时候离开的。

特殊疑问句：Wherewillhearrive？

他将会到哪里呢？

宾语从句：Heaskedmewherehewouldarrive.

他问我他将会到哪里。疑问句中的宾语从句依然用陈述语序Questionclauses-Inanounclause,evenifthemainclauseisaquestion,thedependentclauseiswrittenasadeclarative.Whereisyourfather?

Doyouknow

whereyourfatheris?

Not:

Doyouknowwhere

isyourfather?

Whendidyouassignthat?

Weallasked

whenyouassignedthat.

Not:

Weallaskedwhen

didyouassign

that.

(Unlessthenounclauseisinquotationmarks.)Canyoutellmewhatisthematterwithyou?Canyoutellmewhattheproblemis?