押湖南卷第24-27题 记叙文阅读（原卷版）-备战2024年中考英语临考题号押题

押湖南卷第24-27题阅读理解之记叙文阅读【题型概述】英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。同时附加词义猜测或者观点态度题或者排序题。【阅读策略】一、命题特点记叙文命题的顺序一般都是按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。从出题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度。二、阅读方法阅读记叙文主要抓住时间（when）、地点（where）、人物（who）、事件（what）和起因（why）、发展、结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们的思想品质、性格特征。整体把握文章，判断文章寓意、作者意图。三、做题步骤1.快速浏览文章，读懂故事内容。2.从前往后读每个问题的题干，看清问题要求。3.根据问题再返回与其相关的文段部分查读原文，并写出答案。四、答题技巧1.顺序作答。由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做。2、查找线索。认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，在文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，在其前后句寻找答案线索。3.读懂作者意图。在解答主旨大意题、推理判断题或作者意图题的时候，根据作者意图，利用排除法，排除干扰选项，找出答案。4.把握文章主旨，猜测词义。对于词义猜测题，一定要通过对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握去判断，不可断章取义。PassageA（2023湖南株洲卷）Thesunwasshiningbrightlyoverourheadsandsweat(汗水)waspouringdownourbackandfaces.Westoodstillwithoutmakinganynoise,allhotandtired.Buteveryonekeptstandingasstraightastrees.ItwassomethingmostjuniorhighschoolsgivetonewJuniorOnestudents-military(军事的)training.Wespentfourdaysinaclosedenvironment.Althoughwecouldn’tgohomeatnightandthetrainingwasstrictanddifficult,ourhumorousyoungsergeant(教官)wasarealpleasureofourdays.Welaughedathisjokes,satinrowssingingdifferentsongsandlistenedtohimtellingtruestoriesabouthislife.Hegaveusthefeelingthatsunlightandsweatwerenottheonlythingsthatmilitarytrainingoffered.Afterthisjourney,wewerestrongerthanwehadimaginedandweweremuchbraverthanwehadexpected.Studentswholookedpalerestedforalittlewhile,thenrightawaycamebacktotheteam.Studentswhowerelaterushedtotheplaygroundatonceandbegantorun.Sweatpoureddownourfaces,butwedidn’tcareaboutitatall.Militarytrainingtaughtustobebraveandstrongandnevertogiveup.Onthelastdayofourtraining,theconfidencecouldbeseenonourfaces.Weshoutedsoloudthatourvoicescouldbeheardacrossthesky.Witheyeslikeburningfire,wewalkedintothefuture.Nowthesunissmilingatallofus.46.Althoughallofthestudentswere______,everyonekeptstandingasstraightastrees.A.noisy B.tired C.sleepy47.Howlongdidthemilitarytraininglast?A.3days B.4days. C.5days48.Whatdidn’tthestudentsdoduringthetrainingaccordingtothepassage?A.Theysangsongs. B.Theylistenedtostories. C.Theywatchedmovies.49.Whatdoestheword“it”inparagraph3mean?A.Beinglate B.Running C.Sweatpouring50.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.OurMilitaryTraining B.AHumorousSergeant C.JuniorOneSchoolLife【答案】46.B47.B48.C49.C50.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者介绍自己参加初中军训的经历和感受。【46题详解】细节理解题根据""Westoodstillwithoutmakinganynoise,allhotandtired.Buteveryonekeptstandingasstraightastrees.”"可知，我们站着不动，不出声，又热又累。但每个人都像树一样笔直地站着。故选B。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据"Wespentfourdaysinaclosedenvironment."可知，军训持续4天，故选B。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据""Welaughedathisjokes,satinrowssingingdifferentsongsandlistenedtohimtellingtruestoriesabouthislife."可知，我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑，坐成一排唱着不同的歌，听他讲述自己生活中的真实故事。没有提到看电影，故选C。【49题详解】代词指代题。根据""Sweatpoureddownourfaces,butwedidn'tcareaboutitatall."可知，汗水从我们脸上流下来，但我们一点也不在乎。此处it指的是流汗，故选C。【50题详解】最佳标题题。本文主要是介绍自己参加初中军训的经历和感受，故选A。PassageB（2022湖南长沙卷）TheAdventuresofTomSawyerisoneofthegreatworksbyMarkTwain.Thebookissointeresting.Eventoday,itisquitepopularamongkids.AlthoughIaminmythirties,thebookremainsoneofmyfavorites.Afterre-readingthebookrecently,IhavelearnedanimportantlessonfromTomSawyer.Inourdailylives,weareoftengivensomeboringortiringtasks.What’sinyourmindwhenyourmomtellsyoutocleanthefloor?Haveyoueverwantedtocomplain（抱怨）?Ithinkmostpeoplehave.TomSawyer,however,thought“differently”whenhewasgivenaboringtask.OneSaturdaymorning,AuntPollytoldTomtopaintthefence（篱笆）.Tom’sfriendBenRogershappenedtowalkpast.Insteadofcomplaining,TomtoldBenthathefelt“excited”aboutthetask.“Onlyoneinathousand—maybeeventwothousandboyscandothis!”Tomsaid.Tom’swordsmadeBeninterestedinthetask.HeevengaveTomhisapplesothathecouldhaveachancetopaintthefence.IfTomhadthoughtaboutnothingbutcomplaining,hewouldhavehadabaddaypaintingthefence.Thisstoryteachesmeavaluablelesson:Complainingisuseless.Thenexttimeyouaregivenaboringortiringtask,don’tcomplain.UnlikewhathappensinthestoryofTomSawyer,itisunlikelythatsomeonewillcomeanddotheworkforyou.However,withoutcomplaining,you’llfeelbetterandperhapsevendoabetterjob!26.WhoisthewriterofTheAdventuresofTomSawyer?A.AuntPolly. B.MarkTwain. C.BenRogers.27.Accordingtothewriter,whatismostpeople’simmediatereaction（即时反应）toaboringtask?A.Complainingaboutit. B.Acceptingit. C.Refusingit.28.WhatdidAuntPollyaskTomtodointhistext?A.VisitBen. B.Cleanthefloor. C.Paintthefence.29.WhydidTomsaytheunderlinedsentencetoBeninParagraph3?A.Toexpresshissadness. B.TocatchBen’sinterest. C.Toshowhisanger.30.WhatdoesthewriterlearnfromTomSawyer?A.Itisnousecomplaining. B.Refusingisthebestchoice. C.Waitingistheonlywayout.【答案】26.B27.A28.C29.B30.A【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过读了《汤姆·索亚历险记》，从中学到了抱怨是没有用的。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheAdventuresofTomSawyerisoneofthegreatworksbyMarkTwain.”可知，《汤姆·索亚历险记》的作者是马克·吐温。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Haveyoueverwantedtocomplain（抱怨）?Ithinkmostpeoplehave.”可知，大多数人对无聊任务的即时反应是抱怨。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“OneSaturdaymorning,AuntPollytoldTomtopaintthefence.”可知，波莉阿姨叫汤姆给篱笆上漆。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据“Tom’swordsmadeBeninterestedinthetask.”可推断出，Tom说这句话是为了吸引Ben的兴趣。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据“Thisstoryteachesmeavaluablelesson:Complainingisuseless.”可知，作者从汤姆的身上学到了：抱怨是没有用的。故选A。1、记叙文是以记叙、描写为主要表达方式，以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容的文章，简单点说就是记录事情从开始到经过到结果的文章。记叙文四要素：人物

时间地点事件（起因经过结果）2、记叙文考查特点：1）多考查细节和主旨；2）首段或尾段为议论抒情句，往往点明文章主旨；3、解题思路和技巧

1、先读题后读文。读题时注意从题干中找出“题眼”（即题干关键词），带着问题读文，使阅读具有明确的目标。

由于记叙文中多人物，地点，人物线索，题干中多有大写信息，所以很多题可以直接通过快速定位法查找到文章相应部分，快速解题。2、读文章时，找主题句，找首段或尾段的议论、抒情句。整体把握文章的主要内容和中心意思。

记叙文多为总—分—总结构，主旨会出现在首尾，即首段明主旨或尾段点题或首尾呼应；且要先做主旨题，便于猜测和把握细节内容。3、答题时，具体题目涉及到相关段落，要对这些段落反复研读。正确的阅读题解题步骤：读题、定位、分析1）读题（题目中定关键词）关键词是a.题目中比较醒目,特别的名词(专有名词)b、题目中词意鲜明的动词、形容词c、题目中年代或与年代有关的词（数字）2）定位（文章中找关键词）带着关键词回读原文，找到关键词并定位划出句子（一句或两句）技巧：“首题多首段，顺序不会乱；其余往下找，一般是习惯”。3）分析（回选项确定答案）【易错警示】1.忌不带问题。做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的问题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。

2.忌草率行事。在设计阅读理解题时，设计者往往在选项中设计出一个似是而非、干扰性特别强的选项来迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确选项时就草率定案，往往会掉进设题者设置的“陷阱”里，正确的处理方法是:对所给选项进行分析比较，在充分理解阅读材料内容的基础上去伪存真，方可选出正确答案

3.忌主观印象。考生在做题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

4.忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，文中一两处没看懂的地方可以且放置一边，等把相对容易的题做完后，再回头来处理。

PassageAOnJuly2,2023,ZhangJinyuan,94,receivedtheInter-nationalAchievementAwardattheInternationalCouncillofNursesCongressheldinCanada.ItisthefirsttimethataChinesenursehaswonthefamousprize.However,itwasnotthefirsttimethatZhanghadbeenpraisedbythemedicalcommunity.In2003,ZhangwasgiventheFlorenceNightingaleMedal.Bornin1929intoawealthyfamilyinNanchang,JiangxiProvince,Zhangonceledarichlife.Bychance,shereadaboutFlorenceNightingale,whospentallherlifeonherbelovednursingwork.Zhangthenmadethedecisiontoleavehercomfortablelifebehindforajobasanurse.In1951,shebeganherdecades-longworkasanurse.Evenafterherretirement(退休)in1992，Zhangdidn'tstopthinkingofthoseinneedofcare.In1999,shecalleduponherfriendstohelphersetupavolunteernursingservicecenterinJiangxi.ItwasnamedtheJiangxiRedCrossvolunteernursingservicecenterin2002.Itprovidescareservicesinthecommunitiesforpeopleinneedofmedicalaid.In2010,ZhangstartedavolunteergroupnamedafterNightingaleinNanchang,andfouryearslatershebuiltanothervolunteergroupnamedafterherself.Today,nearly20,000volunteersprovidefreecareservicesunderZhang'sguidance(指导).Zhang'sfamilysupportsthedifficultandtime-consuming（费时的）jobshehaschosen.“Mygrandmadoesn'tknowhowtocookordohouseworkatall.Butshehasputherwholeheartintotheworkofhelpingothers.Sheismyhero,"saidYuQing,Zhang'sgranddaughter,whoworksattheShanghaiConservatoryofMusic.Yuhaschosentofocusherresearchonmusictherapy(疗法).Thisistheverysamepurposeashergrandmother:tohelpmorepeople.24.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Theintroductionofaninter-nationalprize.B.ThegreatachievementsofZhang.C.Theimportanceoffreecareservices.25.WhatmadeZhangdecidetobeanurse?A.Herloveformedicineasachild.B.Herfamily'sstronginfluenceonher.C.TheinspirationfromNightingale'sstory.26.WhatistherightorderofthefollowingthingsZhangdid?①ShereceivedtheFlorenceNightingaleMedal.②ShestartedavolunteernursingservicecenterinJiangxi.③ShebuiltavolunteergroupnamedafterNightingale.④Shesetupavolunteergroupnamedafterherownname.A.②①③④ B.②③①④ C.③②①④27.WhatcanweknowaboutYuQing?A.Shewantstobeanurseinthefuture.B.SheoftenhelpsZhangwiththehousework.C.Sheisahelpfulpersonlikehergrandma.PassageBAtaschoolinHampden,Maine,DavidBishopworksasacleaner.ButheisalsoknownasthecoachofthechessteamsatReedsBrookMiddleSchoolandWeatherbeeElementarySchool.Bothteamshavemadegreatachievementsincompetitions.SomepeoplecompareBishoptoacharacterfromatelevisionprogram,TheQueen'sGambit(《女王的棋局》).Itisaboutagirlwholearnedtoplaychessfromacleanerandshefinallybecameagreatchessplayer.Butunlikethecharacterintheprogram,Bishopishelpingalotofyoungchessplayers—notjustonegirl.Sometimes,thechessplayersbeattheirteacher.Atfirst,Bishopdidnotlikelosingtothechildren.Hecalledit“humiliating(丢脸的)”.Butthenheunderstooditwasgoodforhimtolose.Thatmeanthisstudentsweregettingstronger.Bishopsaidhewasagoodchessplayerasaboy.Buthedidnotliketolethisfriendsknowthat,worryinghewouldbethoughtasanerd.Nowthatthegameismorepopularamongyoungpeople,noonethinkslessofyoungchessplayerslikeEliMarquis,whois12.Marquisjoinedotherplayersonarecentdayathisschool'slibrary.Allthestudentswereeitherplayingorwatchingchess.Theyoungpeoplethinkthatchesscanhelpthemthinkahead,considerstrategies(策略)andthinkabouttheinfluenceoftheirdecisions.“Playingchessislikeatrainingforthebrain,”Bishopsaid.Bishopsaidhewantstoseehisplayersgetbetter,evenifthatmeanslosingtothemmoreoften.Heishappytoseesomanyyoungpeopleplayingthegamebutheisalittledisappointedthatthereisonlyonegirlonhismiddleschoolteamandhehopesthatwillchange.24.HowisBishopdifferentfromthecharacterintheprogram?A.Heworksasacleaner.B.Hewinsmorechesscompetitions.C.Hecoachesmorechessplayers.25.HowdidBishopfeelwhenfirstbeatenbyhisstudents?A.Painful. B.Ashamed. C.Surprised.26.WhydoesthewritergiveMarquis'exampleinParagraph4?A.TodescribeMarquis'loveforchess.B.TointroduceMarquis'achievementsinchess.C.Toshowchessismorepopularwithyoungpeoplenow.27.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.AschoolcleanercoacheschessteamsB.PlayingchessexercisesyourbrainC.WhatdidBishopachieveinchess? PassageC"IfIgettaller,Icanreachthekeyonthetable.AndifIgetsmaller,Icanenterthegarden."saidAlice.Thenshefinishedapieceofcake.Soonshegrewuptothreemetrestall.Shehurriedtothegardendooraftergettingthekey.Butshewastootall.Shecriedandfoundalargepoolofsaltwateraroundher.Suddenly,sheheardavoice.ItwastheWhiteRabbitagain.Hewashurryingdowntheroomwithapairofglovesandafan."Hi,sir…"Alice'svoicefrightenedtheRabbit.Hedroppedtheglovesandthefanandranawayquickly.Alicepickedthemup.Shesaid,"Oh!Howstrange!ShallIgetsmalleragain?"Shefeltverylowagain.Feelingtoohot,Alicecooleddownwiththefan.Surprisingly,shefoundherselfwearingoneglove."HowdidIgetit?"Shethought."Oh,I'mgettingsmallernow.Howtostopit?""Itmustbethefan!"SoAlicedroppeditquickly."Thingsaregettingworse,"thoughtpoorAlice.Sheturnedawayfromthedoorandfellintosaltwaterthatwasthepoolofhertears.Aliceswamaroundandlookedforawayoutbutfailed.Thenshesawananimal,lookingbigbutonlyamouse."ShallIspeaktoit?"thoughtAlice."Everythingisverystrangehere,soperhapsitcanspeaktoo."Thenshebegan,"Oh,Mouse,doyouknowthewayoutofthispool?"Themouselookedatherbutsaidnothing."Perhapsit'saFrenchmouse."RememberingthefirstsentenceinherFrenchbook,shesaid,"Where'smycat?"Thenthemousejumpedoutofthewaterangrily.24．WhathappenedtoAliceaftercompletingapieceofcake?A．Shegrewtaller.B．Shefellintoapool.C．Sheenteredthegarden. 25．WhydidAlicebecomeunhappyagainwhentheWhiteRabbitranaway?A．Becauseshewasscaredaboutthefanandthegloves.B．Becauseshefeltstrangeaboutthepoolofsaltwater.C．Becauseshewasworriedaboutgettingsmalleragain.26．WhatisthecorrectorderofwhathappenedtoAliceinthestory?a.Alicedroppedintothesaltwater.b.Alicemetamouseandspoketoit.c.AliceheardtheWhiteRabbithurryingdowntheroom.d.Alicegotthekeyandwenttothedoorinahurry.A．b-d-a-c B．c-d-b-a C．d-c-a-b 27．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthestory?A．TheWhiteRabbit'sgarden.B．Alice'sstrangeexperience.C．Anangrymouseandalittlegirl.PassageDThegreatSeineRiverinParishasabigproblem.Ithasbeenseriouslypolluted.Around360tonsofplasticarefoundiniteveryyear.Sothereareevenlawsthatdonotletpeopleswiminthewater.11-year-oldRaphaelwantstocleanuptheriversothatpeopleareabletoswimintheriverbyJuly2024.ThatiswhenthecitywillhosttheOlympicGames.Cleaningtheriverisabigjob.Raphaelhasdoneitnearlyeveryweekendforthepasttwoyears.Hefishesjunkwithhisdad.Theycancatchatonofrubbishinasingledayandtheyhavecaughtanything.ThebiggestthingRaphaelfoundwasamotorbike.Itwassoheavythatittookateamofpeopletopullitout.RaphaellearnedaboutcleaningriversfromYouTube.In2019,hefoundavideo.Itshowedthatpeoplewerefishingmetalobjectsoutofrivers.Theyusedropestiedtomagnets(磁铁).ThatChristmas,Raphaelaskedhisparentsforhelp.Hewantedsomeropes,ahook(钩),andapowerfulmagnet.Themagnetwasverystrong.Itcouldattract(吸引)metalobjectsweighingmorethanaton.Whenhebegan,fishingformetalwasjustalazyweekendactivity.ButRaphaelsoonsawjusthowmuchjunktherewasatthebottomoftheriver.Hewantedtodomore."Itbecamelikeafull-timejob."hesaid.LastOctober,Raphaelwonanawardforhisefforts.HereceivedtheMedalofParis.Raphaelisconfidentabouthisprogressinthelasttwoyears.CleaningtheriverisnoteasyforRaphael,buthewon'tgiveup.Hehopeshecanbeoneofthefirsttoswiminthewateronceitissafe.24．WhydoesRaphaelcleantheSeineRiver?A．TowintheMedalofParis.B．TosharevideosonYouTube.C．Toletpeopleswimintheriver.25．Whichparagraphshowshowhardthejobofcleaningtheriveris?A．Paragraph2. B．Paragraph3. C．Paragraph4.26．HowdoesRaphaelprobablycleantheriver?A． B． C．27．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Seeingisbelieving.B．Thinktwicebeforeyouact.C．Smallactionscanmakeadifference.PassageESoonafterwearrived,thewholefamilysatdownatthetablefordinner.Thefarmerputmeonthetable,withsomesmallpiecesofbreadandmeat.Iwasveryafraidoffallingoffthetable.Thefarmerandhisfamilywerehappytowatchmeeatingwithmysmallknifeandfork.ButwhenIstartedwalkingacrossthetabletothefarmer,hisyoungestson,aboyofaboutten,pickedmeupbythelegs.Heheldmesohighintheairthatmywholebodywasshaking.Luckilyhisfathertookmeawayatonce,andangrilyhittheboyhardonthehead.ButIrememberedhowbadchildrencanbetosmallanimals.SoIdecidedtoforgivehim.Ifellonmykneesandaskedthemnottopunishthechildanymore.Theyseemedtounderstand.JustthenIheardanoisebehindme.ItsoundedliketwelvemachinesrunningatthesameIturnedmyheadandsawahugecat,threetimeslargerthanoneofourcows.Thefarmer'swifeitinherarms,sothatitcouldnotjumpatme.Butinfact,becauseIshowednofear,therewasnodanger,andthecatevenseemedalittleafraidofme.Attheendofdinner,aservantcameinwiththefarmer'sone-year-oldsoninherarms.Heimmediatelystartedcrying,becausehewantedtoplaywithme.Hismothersmiledandputmeinhand.Whenhepickedmeupandputmyheadinhismouth,Ishoutedsoloudlythathedropped.Luckily,Iwasnothurt,butitshowedmehowdangerouslifewasgoingtobeinBrobdingnag.Aftereating,thefarmerwentbacktohisworkinthefields.▲,becausesheputmeonherbedandclosedthedoor.Iwasverytired,andsleptfortwohours.-TakefromGulliver'sTravels(《格列弗游记》24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"forgive"meaninparagraph2?A．excuse B．complainto C．award25．Whichorderiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?a.Theboyheld"me"highinthesky.b.Ababytriedtoput"me"intohismouth.c."I"showednofeartoabigcat.d."I"atewithknifeandfork.A．a-b-c-d B．b-a-d-c C．d-a-c-b26．Whichsentencecanbeputinto"▲"inthelastparagraph?A．IthoughthewasverykindtohiswifeB．IthoughtbetoldhiswifetolookaftermeC．Hiswifewasaskedtoworkwithhim27．Thepassagemainlytalksabout____.A．how"T"metthefamilyB．whatthefamilytold"me"C．how"I"hadamealwiththefamilyPassageFIthinkthatagreatfriendisagreatartistwhoc