高考英语总复习每日拔高练 第2练

高考英语总复习每日拔高练第2练1.Ahighlevelofmethane(甲烷)gasonMarswasfoundbyNASA'sMarsexplorationvehicle.ThediscoveryisexcitingbecausethepresenceofmethanegascouldsupportthecaseforlifeonMars:NASA'sCuriosityvehiclerecentlyrecordedthelargestlevelofmethaneevermeasuredduringitsseven-yearMarsmission.Methanehasnocolororsmell.AspecialinstrumentonCuriosity'sMarsScienceLaboratoryrecordedtheincreasedgaslevel.Besidesmethane,theinstrumentcanrecordlevelsofwaterandcarbondioxide.Nearlyallthemethanegasfoundinearth'satmosphereisproducedbybiologicalactivity.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.Butitcanalsobeformedbygeologicalprocesses,suchasinteractionsbetweenrocksandwater.ItwasnotthefirsttimeCuriosityhasfoundmethanegasintheMartianatmosphere..Aboutayearago,NASAannouncedthatCuriosityhaddiscoveredsharpseasonalincreasesinthegas.Thistime,NASAsaidthemeasuredmethanegaslevelwasclearlylargerthananyothersobservedinthepast.NASAofficialseventemporarilystoppedCuriosity'sotheractivitiestoinvestigatefurther.However,Curiosity'steamcarriedoutafollow-upmethaneexperimentthatshowedasharpdropinlevelsofthegas.TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers.Thescientistsarecontinuingtostudypossiblecausesforthesuddenincrease.Curiositydoesnothaveinstrumentsthatcanexactlyidentifywhetherthesourceofthemethaneisbiologicalorgeological.Oneleadingtheoryisthatmethaneisbeingreleasedfromundergroundareascreatedbypossiblelifeformsthatdisappearedlongago.EventhoughMarshasnoactivevolcanoes,scientistsbelieveitisalsopossiblethatmethaneisbeingproducedbyreactionsinvolvingcarbonmaterialsandwater.1.WhyisthediscoveryofmethanegasonMarsexciting?A.ItwasfirstfoundonMars. B.It'sevidenceoflifeexistence.C.Itcanbeusedinfurtherstudies. D.Itprovestheexistenceofwater.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthemethanegasonMars?A.Itiscolorlessandsmelly.B.Itismainlycreatedbyrocksandwater.C.Itisasimportantaswaterandcarbondioxide.D.Itisproducedbybiologicalorgeological,activity.3.WhatbroughtmorepuzzlestoNASA'sscientists?ADiscoveringmethanegasseveraltimesonMars.B.Thefailureofthefollow-upmethaneexperiment.C.Havingnoexactinstrumentstoidentifymethanegas.D.SharpchangesintheamountofmethanegasonMars.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ExplorationsonMars B.MethaneLevelonMarsC.MethaneMysteryonMars D.TheSourcesofMethaneonMars2.

Ourscreensgiveoutallkindsoflight,especiallybluelight.Bluelight,theargumentgoes,canaffectyoureyehealth,yoursleepingpatters,andyourhealth.Bluelightglasses-technicallytheyshouldbecalled"bluelightblockingglasses"—filteroutbluelight,lettingintheotherwavelengthsoflight,thustheoreticallyreducingthedangerthatbluelightpresents.Bluelightglassesaredesignedtoreducewhat'sknownasdigitaleyestrain(疲劳),orDES.TherearemanysymptomsassociatedwithDES,includingheadaches,dryeyes,andunclearvision.

Howeffectivearebluelightglasses?We'llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.Infact,oneBritishglassesdealerwasactuallyfinedforindicatingthatbluelightglassescanprotectagainstDES,giventhatthere'snoscientificevidenceofthis.What'smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens,andithasbeendecidedlyprovedthatDESisn'tassociatedwiththesunatall.ThegeneralagreementisthatDESiscausedbyspendingtoolong,staringtoohard,andsittingtooclosetoourscreens.HealthexpertsgenerallyrecommendtakingbreakstopreventDES,ratherthanrelyingonbluelightglasses.

Butthereisonethingthatbluelightglassesmighthelpwith.Somestudieshaveindicatedthatbluelightcanbebadforourcircadianrhythms(生理节奏).Inotherwords,exposuretobluelightcouldmakeithardertofallasleep.Therehaven'tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wonforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit'snotoutofthequestion.

Thatsaid,thereareinterestingreportsofpeoplelovingtheirbluelightglasses.Evenifit'sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,well,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"filterout"inparagraph1mean?

A.Appearorhappengradually. B.Removesomethingparticular.

C.Bringsomethingintoexistence. D.Tellsomethingapartfromothers.

2.WhatisDESlikelycausedby?

A.Theblindingsumlight. B.Unfitandcheapglasses.

C.Improperuseofeyes. D.Allkindsofnaturalbluelight.

3.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellusaboutbluelightglasses?

A.Theymaybegoodforsleep. B.Theycanexcitepeople.

C.Theycanhelpwithnothing. D.Theyarebadforcircadianrhythms.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudelobluelightglasses?

A.Intolerant. B.Optimistic. C.Objective. D.Conservative.3.

Wildfiresareanaturaloccurrenceinforestecosystem.Tosomeextent,smallwildfirescanhelptheforestecosystemworkbetterbyburningunwantednaturalfuel,likefallenleavesandbranches.Becauseifnaturalfuelpilesupinforests,itwillsparkhot,intenseandfast-movingfires,whichbringsmorerisksoftheoutbreakofdisastrousnaturalfires.

Asresearchersstudytheperfectbalancebetweenallowingnaturalfirestoburnandpreventingthemfromthreateninghumanlife,somebelievesheepofferabetterwaytoretardthefastspreadofawildfire.CuyamaLamb,anagriculturecompany,pullsitsweight,currentlyrunningabout700sheepthatgraze(放牧)onthegrass.Workingwiththecompany,thefiredepartmentdirectsthesheeptotheareainmostneedofnaturalfuelclearance.Theirjobisonething:eat.Thespacethesheepclearcancreatea"burnbreak"thatstopsawildfireinitstrack.Thesheeparemoreefficientandcost-effectivethanusingmachinestodothesametask,andtheycangettoplacesthattechnologycan't.

Schneider,thefounderofthecompany,hopesthesheepallowCaliforniansto"haveahealthyrelationshipwithfires"inthefuture."Wearen'tgoingtosavetheworldbygrazingafewsheepuponthehillsides,butwecanworkwithothersanddosomethingfortheworld.Doingthis,Ibelievewewillhaveasustainablefuture,"shesaid.1.Howcanwildfiresbenefittheforestecosystem?

A.Theyprovidemorenaturalfuel.

B.Theycontributetothediversityofplants.

C.Theykeepabalancebetweenhumanandnature.

D.Theyavoiddisastrousfirescausedbynaturalfuel.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"retard"inparagraph2mean?

A.Stimulate. B.Prevent. C.Predict. D.Distinguish.

3.Whyaresheepintroducedtothisareabythecompany?

A.Tocreateafirebreak. B.Toreplacethefirefighters.

C.Toimprovethelocalfarming. D.Tobringdowntree-plantingcost.

4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowtoProtecttheEcosystem B.HowtoFightAgainstWildfires

C.ABiologicalWayinFirefighting D.ASuccessfulCompanyinAgriculture

答案以及解析1.答案：1-4BDDC解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段"ThediscoveryisexcitingbecausethepresenceofmethanegascouldsupportthecaseforlifeonMars(这一发现令人兴奋，因为甲烷气体的存在可能支持火星上存在生命的理由)"可知，这一发现令人兴奋的原因是甲烷气体的存在是生命存在的证据。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段"Nearlyallthemethanegasfoundinearth'satmosphereisproducedbybiologicalactivity.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.Butitcanalsobeformedbygeologicalprocesses,suchasinteractionsbetweenrocksandwater.(在地球大气中发现的几乎所有甲烷气体都是由生物活动产生的。它通常来自动物和植物生命。但它也可以由地质作用形成，比如岩石和水之间的相互作用。)"以及最后一段"Oneleadingtheoryisthatmethaneisbeingreleasedfromundergroundareascreatedbypossiblelifeformsthatdisappearedlongago.(一种主要的理论是甲烷是从地下释放出来的，可能是由很久以前消失的生命形式产生的。)"可知，火星上的甲烷气体可能是由生物或地质活动产生的。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段"TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers.(甲烷含量的上升和下降给美国宇航局的科学家们留下了更多的问题而不是答案。)"可知，火星上甲烷气体含量的急剧变化给美国宇航局的科学家们带来了困惑。故选D。

4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Ahighlevelofmethane(甲烷)gasonMarswasfoundbyNASA'sMarsexplorationvehicle.(美国宇航局的火星探测车在火星上发现了高浓度的甲烷气体。)"及全文内容可知，文章报道了好奇号在火星上探测到有记录以来大气中的最高甲烷含量，并由此引发火星上是否存在或曾经存在生命的一系列讨论和更进一步科学探索的新闻。所以用"MethaneMysteryonMars(火星甲烷之谜)"作为文章标题最为合适。故选C。2.答案：1.B;2.C;3.A;4.B

解析：1.词句猜测题。根据划线短语前面的"Bluelightglasses-technicallytheyshouldbecalled'bluelightblockinggases'(蓝光眼镜—严格来说,它们应该被称为'蓝光阻挡眼镜')"和划线短语后面的"lettingintheotherwavelengthsoflight(让其他波长的光进入)"可知,蓝光眼镜可以过滤掉蓝光,因此划线短语意为"过滤"。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段的"What'smorelikelyisthatDESiscausedbyoveruse,ormisuseofeyes.Afterall,thesunisasubstantiallymorepowerfulproviderofbluelightthanourscreens(更有可能的是DES是由过度使用或误用眼睛引起的。毕竟,太阳提供的蓝光比我们的屏幕要强大得多)"可知,数字眼疲劳是由使用屏幕时错误的用眼习惯造成的。故选C。

3.主旨大意题。通读第三段内容且根据第三段的"Therehaven'tbeenenoughstudiestotellifbluelightglasses,wornforafewhoursbeforebed,couldhelpyousleepbetter,butit'snotoutofthequestion.(还没有足够的研究来证明睡前戴上几个小时的蓝光眼镜是否能帮助你睡得更好,但这不是不可能的。)"可知,本段主要讲述蓝光眼镜可能会对睡眠有帮助。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据第二段的"We'llstartwiththebadnews:thereisnoevidencethatbluelightglasseshaveanyeffectoneyestrainfromdigitalscreens.(我们先从坏消息说起:没有证据表明蓝光眼镜对数字屏幕造成的眼睛疲劳有任何影响。)"及最后一段的"Evenifit'sjusttheplacebo(安慰剂)effect,well,thatcanbeincrediblypowerful,andifitworksonyou,keepdoingit.(即使只是安慰剂效应,那也会非常有效,如果对你有效,那就坚持下去。)"可知,作者既陈述了蓝光眼镜可能真的没什么用,但是也认为如果自己觉得有用也可以继续戴,因此作者对于蓝光眼镜持乐观的态度。故选B。3.答案：1.D;2.B;3.A;4.C

解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的Tosomeextent,smallwildfirescanhelptheforestecosystemworkbetterbyburningunwantednaturalfuel,likefallenleavesandbranches.(在某种程度上,小型野火可以通过燃烧多余的自然燃料(如落叶和树枝)来帮助森林生态系统更好地工作。)可知,小型野火燃烧了多余的落叶和树枝会避免灾难性火灾的爆发。故选D。

2.词义猜测题。根据第二段的Workingwiththecompany,thefiredepartmentdirectsthesheeptotheareainmostneed