电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版） 课件 Lesson 22 Digital Image fundamentals

Unit8Image&VideoLesson22DigitalImageFundamentals《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Lesson22DigitalImageFundamentalsBackgroundsTexttour

LanguageinuseVocabularyStructureReading/writingtechniques2024/5/292《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》TerminologyPixel像素Grayscaleimage灰度图像Grayscalelevel灰度级Histogram直方图Bargraph条形图Histogramequalization直方图均衡Backgrounds2024/5/293《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》TerminologyImagecontrast图像对比度Edgefilter边缘滤波器Edgedetection边缘检测Objectrecognition目标识别Run-lengthencoding行程编码Huffmanencoding哈夫曼编码Backgrounds2024/5/294《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》TerminologyDCT: DiscreteCosineTransform 离散余弦变换CT:computedtomography 计算机断层造影MRI:MagneticResonanceImaging 核磁共振成像Backgrounds2024/5/295《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》TexttourOutlineDigitalImageResolutionHistogramsAdditionandSubtractionofImagesWarpingandMorphingImageFilteringDilationandErosionImagecompressionImageSpectra2024/5/296《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》DigitalImageResolutionAdigitalimageismadeupofmanyrowsandcolumnsofpixels.Forgrayscaleimages,eachpixelisassignedanumberthatrepresentsthegrayshadeassignedtothatpixel.2024/5/297《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》DigitalImageResolutionAn808x562x8digitalimage2024/5/298《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》HistogramsThegrayscalespresentinadigitalimagecanbesummarizedbyitshistogram(seeFigure8.2).Thehistogramreportsthenumberofpixelsforeachgrayscalelevelpresentintheimage,asabargraph.

2024/5/299《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》HistogramsAhistogram2024/5/2910《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》AdditionandSubtractionofImagesDigitalimagescanbeaddedandsubtractedpixel-by-pixel.

Whentwoimagesareaddedorsubtracted,theresultantmatrixwillfrequentlycontainillegalgrayscalevalues.

Scalingtotherange[0,GSLmax]maybeaccomplishedasfollows:

2024/5/2911《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》WarpingandMorphingWarpingandmorphingaredigitalimagetechniquesthatarefindingapplicationnotonlyinentertainmentbutalsoinmedicalimaging.

2024/5/2912《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ImageFilteringDigitalimagescanbefilteredusingtwo-dimensionalconvolutionwithaconvolutionkernel.LowpassfiltersblurimagesHighpassfiltersemphasizesharpchangesingrayscalelevelEdgefilterslocateedgesinanimage

2024/5/2913《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》DilationandErosionDilationaddsalayerofpixelstoallobjectsinanimage.Erosionremovesonelayerofpixelsfromallobjects.Dilationand

Erosionareuseinobjectrecognition

2024/5/2914《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ImageSpectraTwo-dimensionalFFTsareusedtoanalyzethespectraofdigitalimages.Atwo-dimensionalspectrumcomprisesamagnitudespectrumandaphasespectrum.

ImagespectraformthebasisforCT(ComputedTomography)MRI(MagneticResonanceImaging)2024/5/2915《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ImagecompressionTosavetimeandbandwidth,imagesandotherfilesareoftencompressedbeforebeingtransmittedovertheInternet

Losslesscompression

Lossycompression

Compressionschemesrun-lengthencoding(RLE)Huffmanencoding2024/5/2916《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ImagecompressionJPEGanextremelycommonimagecompressionschemeusesthediscretecosinetransform(DCT)toconcentratemostoftheinformationaboutan8x8sub-blockofanimageintoafewsignificantcoefficientsusesbothrun-lengthencodingandHuffmanencodingtoprovidefurthercompression.2024/5/2917《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》VocabularyscaleshadeequalizationkernelrecognitionStructureReading/writingtechniquesLanguageinuse2024/5/2918《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Vocabulary2024/5/2919《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryA

systemoforderedmarksatfixedintervalsusedasareferencestandardinmeasurement刻度Aninstrumentordevicebearingsuchmarks刻度尺Astandardofmeasurementorjudgment;acriterion.标准Aproportionusedindeterminingthedimensionalrelationshipofarepresentationtothatwhichitrepresents比例Acalibratedline,asonamaporanarchitecturalplan,indicatingsuchaproportion.比例尺2024/5/2920《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryProperproportion适当的比例ahousethatseemedoutofscalewithitssurroundings.Aprogressiveclassification,asofsize,amount,importance,orrank等级judgingdivers'performancesonascaleof1to10;afamilythatrankshighonthesocialscale.Arelativelevelordegree规模entertainedonalavishscale.2024/5/2921《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryAsystemofnotationinwhichthevaluesofnumericalexpressionsaredeterminedbytheirplacesrelativetothechosenbaseofthesystem进位制thedecimalscale.Anascendingordescendingseriesoftonesproceedingbyaspecifiedschemeofintervalsandvaryinginpitcharrangementandintervalsize.音阶2024/5/2922《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ScaleindictionaryTochangetherepresentationofaquantity,expressingitinotherunits,sothatitsrangeisbroughtwithinaspecifiedrange.Toadjusttherepresentationofaquantitybyafactorinordertobringitsrangewithinprescribedlimits.Incomputergraphics,toenlargeorreduceallorpartofadisplayimagebymultiplyingtheircoordinatebyconstantvalues.Asystemofmathematicalnotation:fixed-pointorfloating-pointscaleofanarithmeticvalue.2024/5/2923《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ScaleintextThelargerthenumberofpixelsinanimage,andthelargerthenumberofavailablegrayscalelevels,thebettertheresolutionoftheimage.

图像的像素数越大，可用灰度级的数量越大，图像的分辨力也越好。

2024/5/2924《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Scaleinuse

ascaletomeasuresth.衡量某物的尺度thescaleonathermometer温度计的标度scalemodel比例模型wage[pay]scale工资等级2024/5/2925《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Scaleinuse

highinthesocialscale社会地位高inscale(with)与...相称onabig[large]scale大规模地onasmallscale小规模地onthe[a]scaleof按...比例;按...规模outofscale不合规定比例scaleup/down按比例增加缩减2024/5/2926《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryLightdiminishedinintensityasaresultoftheinterceptionoftherays;partialdarkness.

阴影Anareaoraspaceofpartialdarkness.

阴影部分Coverorshelterprovidedbyinterceptionbyanobjectofthesunoritsrays.

遮蔽处或隐蔽处Anyofvariousdevicesusedtoreduceorscreenlightorheat.

遮阳物2024/5/2927《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryThepartofapictureorphotographdepictingdarknessorshadow.

暗部Thedegreetowhichacolorismixedwithblackorisdecreasinglyilluminated;gradationofdarkness.

暗度2024/5/2928《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ShadeindictionaryAslightdifferenceorvariation;anuance:

细微差别shadesofmeaning.Asmallamount;atrace:

少量；痕迹detectedashadeofbitternessinherremarks.Apresentreminderofapersonorsituationinthepast:

记忆shadesofmyhigh-schooldays.2024/5/2929《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》ShadeintextForgrayscaleimages,eachpixelisassignedanumberthatrepresentsthegray

shadeassignedtothatpixel.对灰度图而言，每个像素被赋予一个代表该像素灰度级的数值。

2024/5/2930《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Shadeinuse

ashadeof少许,微微castintotheshade使失色,使相形见绌fallintotheshade被夺去光彩,黯然失色intheshade在树阴下;在暗处;默默无闻notashadeofdoubt毫不怀疑theshadesofevening暮色theshadowofashade幻影withoutlightandshade没有明暗的,单调的2024/5/2931《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Shadeinuse

shadepenumbrashadowumbraumbrage Thecentralmeaningsharedbythesenounsisanareaofcomparativedarknessresultingfromtheblockingoflightrays.sittingintheshade坐在阴影里Earth'spenumbra地球的阴影边缘intheshadowofthecurtains在帘幕的阴影下theumbrabeyondthefootlights脚灯的阴影

shelteredintheumbrageofarainforest躲蔽在雨林树荫下2024/5/2932《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》EqualizationindictionaryThegenerictermfortheprocessofcorrectingundesiredtransmissioncharacteristicsofachannel.Inlinetransmission,forexample,signalattenuationnormallyincreaseswithfrequency.Equalizationinthiscasecanconsistoftheinsertioninthelineofoneormorenetworkshavingtheinverseamplitude/frequencycharacteristics,sothatoveradesiredfrequencybandtheoverallattenuationofthelineismadesubstantiallyconstant.2024/5/2933《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》EqualizationintextWhenanimageusesonlyasmallportionoftheavailablegrayscalelevels,histogramequalization

canbeusedtospreadouttheusageofgrayscalelevelsovertheentireavailablerange.当一幅图像只用了可用灰度级的一小部分时，可以使用直方图均衡的方法将灰度级的使用扩展到整个可用的范围。

2024/5/2934《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Equalizationinuse

automaticequalization自动均衡delayequalization延迟均衡[补偿]groupdelayequalization群时延均衡histogramequalization直方图均衡化sidebandequalization边带均衡2024/5/2935《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》KernelindictionaryAgrainorseed,asofacerealgrass,enclosedinahusk.

谷粒或种子Theinner,usuallyedibleseedofanutorfruitstone.

核Themostmaterialandcentralpart;thecore:

中心；核心2024/5/2936《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》KernelindictionaryIncomputersoftware,thepartofanoperatingsystemthatmustalwaysbeinmainstoragewhenanypartofitisloaded.Itconsistsofrigorouslytestedroutinesthatperformbasicloadingandsupervisoryfunctions.Incomputerprogramming,thepartofasegmentedprogramthatmustalwaysbeinmainstoragewhenanyothersegmentisloaded.Aprogramthatcanrununderdifferentoperatingsystemenvironments.2024/5/2937《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》KernelintextDigitalimagescanbefilteredusingtwo-dimensionalconvolutionwithaconvolutionkernel.

数字图像的滤波可以通过使用卷积算子进行2维卷积实现。

2024/5/2938《电子信息工程专业英语教程（第5版）》Kernelinuse

Hethatwilleatthekernelmustcrackthenut.

不劳不获atomickernel原子核er