UNIT42DISCOVERINGUSEFULSTRUCTURES高一上学期系列(人教2019必修第一册)

人教必修第一册WordsReviewvolcano

erupt

supply

typhoonintheopenairhurricanesurviven.

(pl.-oesor-os)火山vi.&vt.

(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给n.台风露天；在户外n.

(尤指西大西洋的）飓风vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过

ReadafterthetapeandspeakouttheChineseimmediately.DescribepicturesofdisastersUnit4DiscoveringUsefulStructuresSituationPayattentiontothesentences.关系词who/which/that引导的定语从句Nowlet'sreadmoreexamples.1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomes

hadbeendestroyed.1.Thereweredeepcracks_____appearedinthewellwalls.2.Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquake____evencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeople____livedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeople____werekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigout

those_____weretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors______homeshadbeendestroyed.thatthatwhowhowho

whosego

Ready?TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句Focuson基本含义和用法定语从句修饰antecedent

先行词relativepronoun关系代词1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterrible

experience

thatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouple

wholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplies

whichwereprovidedtothedisaster

areawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.MrLiisanarchitect

whosedesignsforthenew

townhavewonpraise.5.Adoctor

withwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.常见的关系代词有______,______,_______,________和________，常在从句中充当_______,________和________。thatwhowhichwhosewhom主语宾语定语(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymost

boys.(2)Helikestoreadbookswhicharewritten

byforeignwriters.

(3)Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.

(4)Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelast

nightwasnotinterestingatall.1.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。(1)Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthis

morning?(2)Theperson(that/whom)youintroduced

tomeisverykind.

(3)Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspring

issummer.

(4)YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/which

camefromAustralia.

2.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)Aperson

who

stealsthingsiscalledathief.3.who指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）。(1)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.(2)ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.4.whom指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)who和whom都用于指代人，who往往可以代替whom在从句中担任宾语，但前面有介词时必须用whom，即“介词+whom”。(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisa

doctor.(2)Italkedwiththemanwhosehousewas

destroyedintheflood.(3)Theclassroomwhose

doorisbroken

willsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhose

coveris

yellow?5.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose既可指人，也可指物。1.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。①Iamsureshehassomething

that

youcan

borrow.我肯定她有你可以借的东西。②Doyouhaveanything

thatyoudon'tunderstand?你有什么不明白的吗？（1）先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,

anything,little,much等不定代词Attention①Thisisthefirstbook

(that)hehasread.这是他读的第一本书。②Thisisthebestfilm

(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。（2）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰（3）先行词既有人又有物①Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

that

theyremembered.他们谈论他们记得的人和事。②Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

thatarewalking

upthestreet.你看那人和他的驴，正走在街上。（4）先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，thelast，just，right等修饰。①I’vereadallthebooks

thatarewrittenbyhim.他写的书我都读过了。②Thisistheverybook

thatbelongstohim.这正是他的书。（5）先行词是who或which引导的主句中。①

Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?开车的女孩是谁？②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最适合我？2.当先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等,指人时一般用who不用that。①Those

whowanttogotothecinemawillhaveto

waitatthegateoftheschool.那些想去看电影的人将在学校门口等着。②Anyone

whobreaksthelawsshouldbepunished.任何违反法律的人都应该受到惩罚。③I'vetoldall

whowillattendthemeeting.我已经通知所有与会人员。1.Herearesomeofthepeople_______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_____wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything_________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_________

hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy______motherwaslostinthe

disasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby

_______shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy______savedseveralother

studentstrappedunderbuildings?

whosewhothatOR/that/which1.Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,

whose,whomor“/”.whosewhomwhoP522ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？EXAMPLEA:What'stherescueworkerdoing?B:She'sfeedingthebabywhosurvivedthe

earthquake.2.Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesusing

that,which,

who,whose,or

whom.P523SuggestedAnswers:1.A:Whoisthewomanwho/thatisholdingthebaby?B:She'sarescueworker.A:Whereisthewomanwho/thatisthebaby'smother?B:Maybeshe'sinjuredandinthehospital.2.A:Whoarethepeoplewhosetentisbeingfixed?B:Thepeoplewhosecitywasdestroyedbytheearthquake.3.A:Whyisthisdogpartoftherescueteam?B:Thedog,whosejobistosearchpeoplewhoareburiedintheruins,hasanincrediblesenseofsmellandhearingforfindingpeopleintheruins.指代内容所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省关系代词用法1.先行词为all，

everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰3.先行词既有人又有物4.先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，thelast，just，right等修饰5.先行词是who或which引导的主句中先行词是one，ones，anybody，anyone，all，none，those等一般用that而不用which一般用who不用that注：另附word文档，点此链接Ⅰ.实战高考。1.(2019浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_________givesofflightinthedark.2.(2017北京卷)Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.whenthat/whichⅡ.用适当的关系词填空。1.Doyoustillremembertheearthquake

___________happenedtenyearsago?2.Itisagoodchoicefortourists________

prefervisitingplacesofhistoricalinterest.3.Thisisthepilotwith______mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.4.Couldyoupleasepassmethebook________coverisgreen?5.Jacksonlikesthebike__________hisunclegavehimasabirthdaygift.that/whichthat/whowhomwhoseth