武汉市武昌区2023年高三《英语》上学期月考试题与参考答案

武汉市武昌区2023年高三《英语》上学期第月考试题与参考答案第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inabookstore. C.Athome.【答案】A【原文】W:Michael,Ilostmynewpen.Ijustboughtitfromabookstoreonmywayhomeyesterday.M:Oh,that’stoobad.Butit’stimeforclassnow.Icanhelpyoulookforitafterclass.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thelatestnews. B.Thefilmreviews. C.Themagazine.【答案】C【原文】M:Ireallylikethismagazine.Itgivesmealltherecentnewsaboutmovies.W:Ilikeit,too.ButIpreferreadingthefilmreviewsinit.3.Howlongisthegrocerystoreopeneveryday?A.9hours. B.10hours. C.13hours.【答案】C【原文】W:Hello,thisisAllenGroceryStore.CanIhelpyou?M:Hello.Whatareyouropeninghours,please?W:Weopenat9:00a.m.andcloseat10:00p.m.everyday.4.HowdoesBarbarasound?A.Content. B.Worried. C.Confused.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyBarbara,whyareyouunhappy?Iheardthatyouhavebeenpromoted.Congratulations!W:Oh,Ihatehavingtoleavehereandworkingabroad.Youknow,myparentshaveonlyonechild.ItishardtoimaginehowlonelytheywouldbeifIworkabroad.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Shopassistantandmanager.【答案】A【原文】W:Iboughtyouapairofpants,darling.M:Oh,Ihopeyoukeptthereceipt.IthinkI’veputonsomeweight.ButyoucantastethefishIcookedspeciallyforyoufirst.I’lltrythepantsnow.第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或读白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.听每段对话或独白前.你将有时间阅读各个小题.每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whydoesthemanwanttosleepearlytoday?A.Hehastocatchanearlyflighttomorrow.B.Hefeelssleepywhiletalkingonthephone.C.Hehastocollectafriendtomorrowmorning.7.Whendidthemanprobablycomeback?A.At9:15p.m. B.At9:45p.m. C.At10:15p.m.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】M:Oh,I’msorry,butIhavetohangupnow.I’msosleepy.W:Itisonlyaquartertoten.Whydoyouwanttogotobedsoearlytoday?M:I’mfallingasleeponthephone.W:Alright.Didyougetupearlythismorning?M:Yes.Itookafriendtotheairport.Hehadtocatchtheearlyflight.W:Whydidn’tyoutakeanapwhenyougothome?M:Ididn’tgetbackuntilthirtyminutesago.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlydoing?A.Talkingaboutholidayplans.B.Sharingchildhoodmemories.C.Discussingtheirlastspringbreak.9.WhowenttotheGrandCanyonwiththegirl?A.Hermother. B.Herfather. C.Heraunt.10.WhatdoweknowaboutRobert?A.Hegotmarriedlastyear.B.HehasbeentotheGrandCanyon.C.Hewasplanningforaself-drivingtour.【答案】8.A9.B10.C【原文】W:Wefinallyfinishedalltheexams.Springbreakstartstomorrow.Areyougoinganywhere,Robert?M:Yeah,IwasthinkingofdrivingtoArizonabymyself.W:TotheGrandCanyon?M:Yes.I’veneverbeenthere.W:IwenttherewithmydadwhenIwasakid.Iloveditverymuch.Istillrememberhowamazingitwas.M:Thatsoundsnice.I’msureI’lllikeit,too.Whatareyouplanningtodothisholiday?W:I’mgoingtovisitmyauntinChinawithmymother.Wehaven’tseenhersinceshegotmarriedlastyear.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.WhydidNinathrowsnowatAlex?A.Alexknockeddownhersnowman.B.Ninaonlywantedtoplaywithsnow.C.Alexhopedtohaveasnowballfight.12.WhatwillNinaprobablydonext?A.Gotothebathroom. B.Takeagoodrest. C.ApologizetoAlex.13.WhatwasBettyinvitedtodo?A.Seeafilm.B.GotoNina’shome.C.PayavisittoAlex.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:Nina,whydidyouthrowsnowatyourbrotherAlex?W:Comeon,Dad.Ijusthadasnowballfightwithhim.M:Buthesaidthathedidn’tknowyouwereplaying.Doesthishaveanythingtodowiththesnowman?W:Okay.Youmeantheoneheknockeddown?Hmm…no,Ijustwantedtohaveasnowballfight.M:Well,butyoushouldbenicertoyourbrother.Goandsayyou’resorrytohim.Heisinthebedroomonthesecondfloor.W:Okay,I’lldoitnow.AfterthatIwillgotoLily’s.SheinvitedBettyandmetowatchamovieatherhouse.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.WhatisConrad?A.Ascientist. B.Ateacher. C.Astudent.15.WhogaveConradacompliment（表扬）?A.Mrs.Hopkins. B.Mr.Hunter. C.Andrew.16.WhatisthemostimportantthingConradlearnedfromtheproject?A.Agoodsenseofteamwork.B.Theskillsindesigningposters.C.Theabilitiestosurviveoutdoors.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【原文】W:HeyConrad.Whatfinalprojectdidyouworkon?M:Oh,ImadeanEnglishposteraboutourenvironment.W:Itsoundsprettygood.Wasthatanindoororoutdoorproject?M:Well,theprojectwascarriedoutmostlyoutdoors,withonlythelastphasebeingconcludedindoors.W:Isthereanyoneelseinvolvedintheproject?M:Yes.Myteammatesandanadvisoryteacher.W:Whowasyouradvisoryteacher?M:Ourscienceteacher,Mrs.Hopkins.Welearnedalotfromher.W:Good.Didyoulikeyourpartners?M:Yes.Mostofthemwerefriendlyandresponsible.AndmyfavoritepartnerisAndrew,theleaderofmyteam.W:Great.Itwasasuccessfulproject,right?M:Yes,that’sright.Weallreceivedcomplimentsfromourprofessor,Mr.Hunter.AnndIlearnedskillsinwritingcontentsanddesigningposters.W:Whatelsedidyougetfromtheproject?M:Aboveall,Iknewhowtoworkinateamandcooperatewellwithmyteammates.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whydidtheteachersfeelsurprised?A.Theyhadnoideaaboutthestudents’interests.B.Manystudentsknewmoreaboutonlinegames.C.Theirstudentsweremoreinterestedintraditionalgames.18.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.Traditionalgamesarestillpopularamongmanystudents.B.Studentstodayprefertospendtheirbreaksintheclassroom.C.Parentspaidnoattentiontooutdoorgameswhentheywereyoung.19Whatisstillpopularallovertheworld?A.Hide-and-seek.B.Shuttlecock（毽子）kicking.C.Ropeskipping.20.Whatiseducationalofficers’attitudetowardthesituationoftraditionalgames?A.Anxious. B.Confident. C.Unclear.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:Duringtheyearsofgamemaking,therehavebeenanumberofgames.Manyoldgameshavedisappearedsincemoderngamescomeout.Teachersataprimaryschoolaskedtheirstudentstowritearticlesaboutgamestheyknew.Andthoseteacherswereshockedbytheresultsbecausemorethanhalfofthestudentswroteaboutonlinegames.Itiseasytoseethattraditionalgameslikehide-and-seekandjumpropegamesareunfamiliartomanyoftoday’sschoolchildren.Aneducationistsaid,“Traditionalgamesusedtobesopopular,butoverjustafewyears,studentshaveforgottenthem.”Thegamesthatmanyparentsonceplayedweregenerallyoutdooractivities.Theyusuallyneededseveralpartnersandjustalittlespace.Jumpropegames,forexample,havealwaysbeenpopulararoundtheworld.Akindofjumpropegamesplayedwithrubberbandsconnectedtogethertomakealongropeplayedinmanycountries.Rubberbandjumpingwasoncepopularinprimaryschools.Girlslovedplayingthisgame.Thisgamecanhelpkidspracticetheirjumpingskills,developcoordination,andalsomeetlotsoffriends.Itiscommonthesedaystoseeprimaryschoolstudentsspendingtheirbreaksintheclassroom.Theyarebusywiththeirstudies.“Whenwewereyoung,weplayedmanydifferentoutdoorgames,buttoday’schildrendon’tknowwhattoplayorhowtoplay,”a40-year-oldmothersaid.“Ifthesekidswantsomething,theycangetit,buttheydon’tknowwhatteamworkis.”Alarmedbythesituation,educationalofficershavetriedtomakesomeprogramstoeducatechildrenabouttraditionalgames.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThreeTypesofRenewableEnergySourcesWaterPowerWaterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.Whilewaterpowerisacleanenergysourceprovidedbyrainandsnow,italsohasseveraldrawbacks.Largedamscandamageriverecosystemsandsurroundingcommunities,harmingwildlifeanddisplacingresidents.Evenwaterpoweratfullcapacitybearsitsownemissionsproblems,asrottingorganicmaterialinreservoirsreleasesmethane（甲烷,沼气）.Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.WindPowerWindturbines（涡轮）aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon（地平线）andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.Anotherproblemwithwindturbinesisthatthey’readangerforbirdsandbats,killinghundredsofthousandsannuallythatengineersareworkingonsolutionstomakethemsaferforflyingwildlife.SolarPowerFromhomerooftopstofarms,solarpowerisreshapingenergymarketsaroundtheworld.Inadditiontosolarpanels,whichchangethesun’slighttoelectricity,concentratingsolarpower（CSP）plantsusemirrorstoconcentratethesun’sheat,gettingthermalenergy.Solarthermalenergyisalsobeingusedworldwideforhotwater,heating,andcooling.China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.21.Whichcountryistheleadingproducerofallthethreerenewableenergies?A.China. B.Japan. C.Germany. D.Russia.22.Whatmayreducethedisadvantagesofwaterpower?A.Gatheringorganicmaterialinreservoirs.B.Employingalternativewatersources.C.MovingresidentsawayfromdamsD.Usingwaterpoweratfullcapacity.23.Whatisaproblemwiththewindturbines?A.Theycosttoomuch.B.Theyoccupymuchspace.C.Theycausenoisepollution.D.Theyaffectflyingwildlife’shealth.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种可再生资源。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据WaterPower部分中的第一句“Waterpoweristheworld’sbiggestsourceofrenewableenergybyfar,withChina,Brazil,Canada,theU.S.,andRussiatheleadingwaterpowerproducers.（水力发电是迄今为止世界上最大的可再生能源来源，中国、巴西、加拿大、美国和俄罗斯是主要的水力发电国）”和WindPower部分中的第一句“Windturbines（涡轮）aregrowingaroundtheglobe,andChina,theU.S.,andGermanyaretheleadingwindenergyproducers.（风力涡轮机在全球范围内不断增长，中国、美国和德国是主要的风能生产国）”及SolarPower部分中的最后一句“China,Japan,andtheU.S.areleadingthesolartransformation,butsolarstillhasalongwaytogo.（中国、日本和美国正在领导太阳能改造，但太阳能仍有很长的路要走）”可知，中国在这三种可再生资源的生产中都处于主导地位。故选A。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据WaterPower部分中最后一段“Damsaren’ttheonlywaytousewaterforpower.Tidalandwaveenergyprojectsaroundtheworldaimtocapturetheocean’snaturalrhythms.Thepotentialmarineenergyisgreat.（水坝并不是用水发电的唯一途径。世界各地的潮汐和波浪能项目旨在捕捉海洋的自然节奏。海洋能源潜力巨大）”可知，除了水坝以外，还有潮汐和波浪能可以利用，以减少水电发电所造成的影响。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据WindPower部分中第二段“Somepeoplemayobjecttohowwindturbineslookonthehorizon（地平线）andtohowtheysound,butwindenergy,whosepricesaredeclining,isprovingtoovaluablearesourcetodeny.（有些人可能会反对风力涡轮机的外观和声音，但风能的价格正在下降，被证明是一种太有价值的资源，不容否认）”可知，风力发电存在的问题是噪音污染。故选C。BThroughouthistory,manyoftheworld’sgreatestartistsneverachievedtremendousfameuntilaftertheirdeath.That’sthecaseofVivianMaier,who’snowconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantAmericanstreetphotographersofthelastcentury,alongsidefamousnameslikeDianeArbusandHenriCartier-Bresson.Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.MaiergrewupinFrancebeforereturningtotheU.S.,whereshespentseveraldecadesworkingasanannyinChicagotowealthyfamilies.DuringherdaysoffMaieristhoughttohavetakenmorethan100,000photographsofpeopleandcityscenesinChicago,yetshekeptthephotostoherself-manyofthemneverdeveloped.Skipaheadto2007,aChicagohistorianandcollector,JohnMaloof,cameacrossMaier’sworkbyaccidentafterpurchasingaboxoftensofthousandsofundevelopednegativesfor$380Satanauction（拍卖）.Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative（唤起）artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.Maloofworkedtouncoverwhothephotographerwas,acquiringmoreandmoreofherwork.Butbeforehecouldlocateher,Maierhadalreadypassedawayin2009,havingslippedoniceandneverrecoveringfromherheadinjury.WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.AccordingtoMaloof,thechildrenMaiertookcareofknewshewasconstantlytakingphotos,yetshenevershowedherphotostoanyone.Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.OthercollectorsbegantoacquireMaier’sphotos,butMaloofownsmuchofherwork.Hereleasedabook,VivianMaier:StreetPhotographer,in2011,andhisdocumentary,FindingVivianMaier,cameoutin2013.24.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeVivian’slife?A.Risky. B.Wealthy. C.Mysterious. D.Miserable.25.WhatdoweknowaboutVivianMaier?A.ShewasborninFrance.B.Sheneverdevelopedherphotos.C.Sheenjoyedgreatfameinherlife.D.ShetookphotosofChicagoandothercities.26.WhatdidMaloofdoafterhefoundMaier’sphotos?A.HeapproachedMaier’sformeremployers.B.Hemanagedtomeettheartistintheflesh.CHereleasedacollectionofMaier’swork.D.Hepurchasedmoredevelopednegatives.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutVivianMaier’sphotos?A.Theywerepresentedtoheremployers.BTheyweremeanttoearnherafortune.C.Theyweretakenbyaprofessionalartist.D.Theywereofartisticandhistoricalvalue.【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国业余街头摄影师VivianMaier及其作品的发现过程。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Butsheremainedunknownformuchofherlife,anditwasonlyachanceencounterwithaboxofnegativesthatputherinthespotlight.（但她一生中的大部分时间都默默无闻，一次偶然的机会，一盒底片让她成为了聚光灯下的焦点）”及第二段第一句“Detailsofherlifeareunclear,butshewasborninNewYorkCityinthe1920stoEuropeanparents.（她的生活细节尚不清楚，但她于20世纪20年代出生于纽约，父母是欧洲人）”可知，关于VivianMaier的生活，人们了解的并不多，因此可以用“神秘”来形容她的一生。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.（她的雇主说，她不爱说话，会在空闲时间用Rolleiflex相机在芝加哥街头拍照）”和最后一句“Maieralsotraveledaroundtheworld,asindicatedbysomeofherphotos.（Maier还周游世界，她的一些照片表明了这一点）”可知，VivianMaier拍摄了芝加哥及其他城市的照片。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“WhileMaloofresearchedMaier’swork,moredetailsemerged.Shekepttoherself,heremployerssaid,andshewouldspendherfreedaystakingphotosonthestreetsofChicagowithaRolleiflexcamera.（当Maloof研究Maier的作品时，更多的细节浮出水面。她的雇主说，她不爱说话，会在空闲时间用Rolleiflex相机在芝加哥街头拍照）”可推知，Maloof在发现Maier的作品后，为了更好地了解她，联系了她之前的雇主。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二和第三两句“Ashedevelopedthem,Maloofrealizedtheyweremorethanjustphotos.Hewaslookingatevocative（唤起）artillustratingaChicagoofthemid-20-centurythatnobodyhadneverseen.（当他将底片冲洗出来后，Maloof意识到它们不仅仅是照片。他看到的是能够唤起人们怀旧的、描绘了一个无人见过的20世纪中期的芝加哥的艺术）”可知，VivianMaier所拍摄的照片兼具艺术和历史价值。故选D。CIwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer（转学）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”Icanexpecttobesendingmoreofthesee-mailsbecauseoftheCommonCoreStateStandards（共同核心国家标准）,whichpublicschoolsareencouragedtofollow.Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”Iagreewiththis,butnoonehaseveraskedmeforamarketanalysis.Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.Andindeed,thefirsttimeIwriteinanewformat-travelessay,screenplay,apologye-mail-Ireadabunchofexamples.ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.Fictionteachesyouhowtotellastory,whichishowweexpressandremembernearlyeverything.Anyway,schoolisn’tmerelytrainingforwork;it’strainingforcommunicationthroughoutourlives.28.Howdidtheauthorfeelafterhiscolumnwasusedasstudents’assignment?A.Proud. B.Satisfied. C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.29.WhatshouldhighschoolsdoaccordingtoDavidColeman?A.Stressnonfiction.B.Readmorefiction.C.Teachmarketanalysis.D.Encouragewriting.30.WhydoesthewriterturntoaGeorgeW.Bushspeech?A.Tocreatewords. B.Tobetterhiswriting.C.Totellastory. D.Tofollowtheformat.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theshiftofteachingtechniques.B.ThetrendofreadingShakespeare.C.Theeffectsofthenewcurriculumstandards.D.TheproblemwithAmericaneducationsystem.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了美国教育系统的问题。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Iregularlygete-mailsfromstudentsaskingaboutmyuseofwritingtechniquesandotherthingsI’veneverheardof.TowhichIrespond,“Transfer（转学）highschoolsimmediately!ToonethatteachesShakespeareandHomerinsteadofthethoughtfulcommentaryofafirst-ratemodernwisdom!Also,don’tdodrugs!”（我经常收到学生的电子邮件，询问我的写作技巧和其他我从未听说过的事情。对此，我的回答是：“马上转高中！转到一个教授莎士比亚和荷马，而不是对一流现代智慧进行深思熟虑的评论的高中，还有，不要吸毒！”）”可推断，当他的专栏被用作学生的作业后，作者是担忧的。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thenewcurriculumstandardsdramaticallyshiftabouthalfthenation’shighschoolEnglishreadingliststowardanemphasisonnonfiction.Inaspeechlastyear,DavidColeman,thenewpresidentoftheCollegeBoard,whowasoneofthechiefcreatorsoftheCommonCore,said,“Itisrareinaworkingenvironmentthatsomeonesays,‘Johnson,IneedamarketanalysisbyFriday,butbeforethatIneedavividaccountofyourchildhood.’”（新的课程标准极大地改变了全国大约一半的高中英语阅读清单，强调非虚构。美国大学理事会新任主席戴维·科尔曼是“共同核心”的主要创始人之一，他在去年的一次演讲中说，“在工作环境中，很少有人说，‘约翰逊，周五前我需要一份市场分析报告，但在此之前，我需要一份你童年的生动描述。’”）”和第三段“Coleman’sideaisthatbyreadingclear,tightlystructurednonfiction,kidswilllearnhowtowriteclear,tightlystructurednonfiction.（科尔曼的想法是，通过阅读清晰、结构紧凑的非虚构类文章，孩子们将学会如何写出清晰、结构紧凑的非虚构类文章。）”可知，根据戴维·科尔曼的观点，高中应该强调非虚构。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ButwhenIwantmywritingtoimprove,Ireadsomethingthatforcesmetothinkaboutwordsdifferently:anovel,apoem,aGeorgeW.Bushspeech.（但当我想提高写作水平时，我会阅读一些迫使我以不同方式思考词语的东西：一本小说、一首诗、乔治·W·布什的演讲。）”可知，作者寻求乔治·W·布什的演讲是为了更好地提高自己的写作。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“IwasnotworriedabouttheAmericaneducationsystemuntilafterIstartedwritingacolumn,becausethat’swhenIfoundoutthereareEnglishteacherswhoassignmycolumnasreadingmaterial.（在我开始写专栏之前，我并不担心美国的教育体系，因为那时我发现有英语老师把我的专栏作为阅读材料。）”及全文可知，文章主要讨论了美国教育系统的问题。故选D。DDespitelivingbeyond80s,“super-agers”havethephysicalabilityandcognitive（认知的）functionofpeoplemuchyounger,whichhaslongbeenpuzzlingscientists.Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons（神经元）intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.Furthermore,theseneuronsshownosignoftautangles（蛋白病）,whichlimitthecommunicationbetweenneuronsandarealarmingsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.“TounderstandhowandwhypeoplemayberesistanttodevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease,it’simportanttocloselyinvestigatethebrainsofsuper-agers,”saidleadresearcherTamarGefen,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryandbehaviouralsciencesatNorthwesternUniversity.Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.“Theremarkableobservationthatsuper-agersshowedlargerneuronsthantheiryoungerpeersmayimplythatlargecellswerepresentfrombirthandaremaintainedstructurallythroughouttheirlives.Weconcludethatlargerneuronsareabiologicalsignatureofthesuper-ageing.”Theresearchersconcentratedtheirstudiesontheentorhinalcortexasit’soneofthefirstlocationstobeaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdisease.Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.Theywerealsofoundtobefreefromtautangles.“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease,”Gefensaid.“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.Identifyingthiscontributingfactor-andeverycontributingfactor-iscrucialtotheearlyidentificationofAlzheimer’s,monitoringitscourseandguidingtreatment.”Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.32.Whatdoresearchersfindabout“super-agers”?A.Theyhaveweakcognitiveability.B.TheyarelikelytosufferAlzheimer’sneurons.C.Tautanglescanbecommonlyfoundintheirbrains.D.Someoftheirbrainneuronsarelargerthantheirpeers’.33.HowdidTamarGefencarryouthisresearch?A.Byobservingthefunctionofneuronformation.B.Bylimitingthecommunicationbetweenneurons.C.Byexaminingthebrainsofmultiplegroupsofpeople.D.Bytrackingthelargecellsinsuper-agers’brainsfrombirth.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrinking”meaninParagraph5?A.Adapting. B.Becomingsmaller.C.Expanding. D.Growingflexible.35.Whichofthefollowingisnotyetidentifiedbytheresearchers?A.Whysuper-agersarefreefromtautangles.B.WhataretypicalsignsofAlzheimer’sdisease.C.Whichpartofthebrainisinchargeofmemorystorage.D.Whetherlargeneuronsareconnectedwithsuper-ageing.【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.A【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员通过测验证明超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元比同龄老年人的要大得多，这也是超级老人虽然年老却依然可以保持体能和认知能力的原因。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Butresearchersmayhavediscoveredwhysuper-agersareabletostaysomentallysharp:theneurons（神经元）intheirentorhinalcortex,thepartofthebrainresponsibleforstoringmemories,aremuchlargerthanthoseoftheiraveragepeers.（但研究人员可能已经发现了为什么超级老人能够保持如此敏锐的精神：他们的内嗅皮层（大脑中负责存储记忆的部分）中的神经元比他们的普通同龄人大得多）”可知，研究人员发现超级老人的神经元与同龄的普通老人的相比要大。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Tomakethediscovery,theresearchersexaminedthebrainsofsixsuper-agers,sevencognitivelyaverageelderlyindividuals,sixyoungindividualsandfiveindividualsintheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.（为了证明这一发现，研究人员测验了6名超级老年人、7名认知能力一般的老年人、6名年轻人和5名阿尔茨海默病早期患者的大脑）”可知，这项研究是通过对多组不同人群的大脑进行测验来完成的。故选C。【34题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“Theneuronsthatformthispartwerefoundtobebiggerinsuper-agersthaninalloftheothergroupsinthestudy,eventhosewhowere20to30yearsyounger.（研究发现，超级老人组中形成这一部分的神经元比所有其他组中的神经元都大，即使是那些20到30岁的年轻人）”可知，其他组别包括阿尔茨海默症组接受测验的人员，其大脑中内嗅皮层神经元的大小都小于超级老人组的。结合划线词所在句“Inthisstudy,weshowthatinAlzheimer’sdisease,neuronalshrinkingintheentorhinalcortexappearstobeacharacteristicmarkerofthedisease（在这项研究中，我们发现在阿尔茨海默病中，内嗅皮层神经元萎缩似乎是该病的特征性标志）”可推知，阿尔茨海默症与内嗅皮层神经元的大小有关，超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元大，那么患阿尔茨海默症的人内嗅皮层神经元应该会越来越小，由此推出，划线词shrinking表达的是“越来越小”的意思。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Wesuspectthisprocessisafunctionoftautangleformationintheaffectedcellsleadingtopoormemoryabilitiesinolderage.（我们怀疑这一过程是受细胞中tautangle这种物质形成的影响，导致老年人记忆能力下降）”可知，细胞中形成了tautangle这种物质，这种物质使得内嗅皮层神经元萎缩，因而老年人记忆力下降，而超级老人的内嗅皮层神经元很大，显然其细胞中没有形成tautangle这种物质，结合最后一句“Theresearchersarenowplanningfurtherstudiestotryandfigureoutwhysuper-agershavesuchlargerneurons.（研究人员现在正在计划进一步的研究，试图弄清楚为什么超级老人有如此大的神经元）”可知，研究人员还没有弄清楚为什么超级老人的细胞中没有tautangle这种物质。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit:wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.___36___Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.___37___Acookispraisedforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyourlaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:gasstationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.___38___Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.___39___Itonlytakesamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffortperhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestmentandyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.___40___So,let’sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundusandcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople’slives,butalso,veryoften,addhappinessintoourown.A.Weareaccustomedtoacceptingpraise.B.Astudentisignoreddespitehisgoodwork.C.Togivepraisecoststhegiveralmostnothing.D.It’sstrangehowcautiousweareaboutpraising