2024届陕西省汉中市高三下学期第二次检测英语试卷（含答案）

汉中市2024届高三年级教学质量第二次检测考试英语注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试卷上，否则无效。本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分第Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.VisitBill. B.Playtennis. C.Goswimming.2.WhattimeisAlexsupposedtoarrive?A.At8:00. B.At7:30. C.At8:15.3.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyspendtheirvacation?A.InChina. B.InItaly. C.InKorea.4.WhichcolorMP4playerdoesthemanwant?A.Green. B.Brown. C.Blue.5.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makinganapology. B.Makinganinvitation.C.Offeringhelp.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atthecounter. B.Ontheplane. C.Attheairport.7.WhenwilltheplanegettoParispossibly?A.10:00. B.11:40. C.10:40.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Painttheroomherself.B.MovetotheMissionInnHotel.C.Askhersontostayinanotherhotel.9.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Houseownerandrenter. B.Motherandson.C.Receptionistandcustomer.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thejewelry. B.Arobbery. C.Afact.11.Whichofthefollowingismarked?A.Thecomputer. B.Thejewelry. C.Thefridge.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’shusband?A.Hehasfoundsometraces.B.HeisonthewaybackfromCanada.C.Hehasnoideawhathashappened.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Neighbors. C.Friends.14.Whendidthemanbegintowork?A.In2008. B.In2014. C.In2016.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheisbusy. B.Shelivedherefor10years.C.Shemovedhereduetoherjob.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheisbusy. B.Sheisdishonest. C.Sheappearsyounger.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whichseasoniscalled“theholidayseason”?A.Spring. B.Winter. C.Summer.18.WhenisChristmasontheEasternChristiancalendar?A.January7. B.January1. C.December25.19.HowdopeoplecelebrateChristmas?A.Byeatingatfastfoodrestaurants.B.Byunitingwiththeirfamilies.C.Bysingingsongsathome.20.WheredopeopleplaceChristmastrees?A.OntheStreet. B.Inthechurch. C.Onpublicsquares第二部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithitsnever-endinglistofmust-seeattractions,Europecanproveirresistibletoeventhemostexperiencedtravelers.HerearesomeoftheprettiestsmalltownsacrossEurope.Giethoorn,NetherlandsTheycallittheDutchanswertoVenice,butGiethoornlacksonecrucialthingthattheItaliancityhasovertourism.AsinVenice,lifegoesaroundwater.Therearenocarsinthecentersothewaytogetaroundisonfootoronthewater.Hungry?StopattheMichelin-starredrestaurantHollandsVenetie.Guimarães,PortugalGuimarãesiscrucialtoPortugal’shistory—itwasnamedthecountry’sfirstcapitalinthe12thcentury.ItsMiddle-Agescoreremainslargelyundamaged,fullofgrandoldpalaces,andabrokencastlestandsontopofacliff.LikeelsewhereinPortugal,localbakeriesmaketastypies.Clovelly,U.K.DonkeysusedtobetheonlywaytogetupanddownthesteepstreetsofClovelly,aprettyfishingvillageinDevon,southwestEngland.Today,theystillhaven’tmanagedtobringcarsin.Itperchesona400-footcliff.Instead,goodsaretransportedbydonkey-poweredsledges(雪橇).Kenmare,IrelandOnthesouthwesterntipofIreland,thelandmeltsintotheoceaninCountyKerry.Kenmareisintheheartofthebayofthesamename.ThisisinthemiddleofsomeofIreland’sbest-lovedareas.Kenmareisknownforitsfood,andforitsviews—withgrandmountainsbehindtheclearbay.21.HowcanonetravelinGiethoorn?A.Bycar. B.Bywater. C.Byair. D.Bybus.22.WhyisGuimarãesimportanttoPortugal’shistory?A.Itwasthecountry’sfirstcapital. B.Ithasmanygrandoldpalaces.C.Itstandsontopofacliff. D.Itattractedmanyfamousbakers.23.Inwhichplacecanyouexperiencethelifeofafishingvillage?A.Giethoorn. B.Guimarães. C.Clovelly. D.Kenmare.BAged15inhighschool,Iwastalkativeandoutgoing,oftenbettingthatnobodyelsewoulddotheirhomework,soIneedn’teither.Ididnotenjoygeometry(几何),althoughIlikedthephilosophicalapproachofourteacher,MrsTrenholm.Shetoldusthatgeometrywasabouthumankind’sabilitytoworkthingsout.AmonthorsointotheyearwestartedonEuclideangeometry.WewereallstrugglingandIwasprobablythemostvocal(敢于直言的)inclassaboutit.MrsTrenholmsetushomework—toprovetwoanglesinacomplexgeometricshapeareequal.Shepulledmeasideaswewereleavingclassandsaid,“Don’ttalkyourwayoutofthis.”Iwenthome,workedonitfor20minutesandgaveup.LaterIdecidedtotryagain.Myhandwritingwasmessy,andInoticedthatifImadethediagramneaterandbigger,IcouldseewhereIprobablywentwrong.Atabout5am,Igotitandfeltlikemybrainhadbeenrewired!Ihandeditinthenextday.MrsTrenholmwouldneverembarrassstudentsinfrontofeveryone.Soshecametomeandhandedmethepaperwithalittlecheckmarkinthecorner.Shelookedrightatmeandasked,“Didyoudothis?”WhenIsaidyes,shenoddedandwentbacktothefrontoftheclass,declaring,“OneofyounowunderstandsEuclideangeometry.Let’skeepgoingsoeverybodywillgetit.”Fromthenon,IfoundthatifIconcentratedandworkedhard,Icouldunderstandandevenenjoyasubject.Iwentontostudymathsandphysicsatuniversity,tookamaster’sdegreeinappliedscienceandbecameanuclearresearchscientist.Ibecamesomeonewhonolongerallowedmyselfthefreedomtotalkmyselfoutofdealingwithproblems,orgiveupwhenthingsseemedtoodifficult.24.Howcanwedescribetheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasnotskilledatsocializing. B.Healwayshadbetswithothers.C.Hewasabsorbedinphilosophy. D.Hehadtroublestudyinggeometry.25.WhydidMrsTrenholmpulltheauthorasideafterclass?A.Towarnhimnottotalktoomuch. B.Togivehimsometipsonhomework.C.Tomakehimtakehomeworkseriously. D.Toencouragehimtotrymoreapproaches.26.WhatwasMrsTrenholm’sinitialfeelingabouttheauthor’shomework?A.Excited. B.Relieved. C.Disapproving. D.Disbelieving.27.Whatdidtheauthorwanttoexpressthroughthelastparagraph?A.Hewouldgoformorefreedom. B.Themathspuzzlewasalifechanger.C.Thatlessontaughthimtothinktwice. D.Hisuniversitylifewasprettycolorful.CWhenIwasagraduatestudent,mycolleaguesandIwerewonderinghowlosingonenightofsleepaffectsaperson’sabilitytomanagetheiremotions.Onceaweek,typicallyonFridayevening,wewouldstayupallnighttomonitorourparticipantsandensuretheyfollowedtheexperimentalplan.Ataboutnoonthenextday,wewouldallgooutofthelab,wornoutandeagertogethomeandrest.Twomonthsintotheexperiment,Iwasinmycaratatrafficlightwhenasillylovesongstartedplayingontheradio.Suddenly,Icrieduncontrollably.Irememberfeelingsurprisedatmyreaction.ItthenhitmethatIwasnotjuststudyingsleepdeprivation(睡眠剥夺)—Ihadbecomepartofthestudy.Weeksofmissedsleephadcausedharm,andIwasnolongerincontrolofmyemotions.Thatresearchprojectprovedastrongconnectionbetweengoodsleepandemotionalhealth.Inhealthyindividuals,good-qualitysleepislinkedwithamorepositivemood--andittakesjustonenightofsleepdeprivationtocauseanxietyanddepressionthefollowingmorning.Moreover,peoplewhosufferfromlong-termsleepdeprivationtendtoexperiencedailyeventsmorenegatively.Fordecadesresearchersandmedicalprofessorshaveconsideredsleeplossaby-productorsymptomofdepressionoranxiety.Inotherwords,firstcomestheanxiety,andthensleeploss.Todayweknowthatthisordercanbereversed.Muchevidenceshowsthatpeoplewhosufferfrominsomnia(失眠症)areatleasttwiceaslikelytodevelopdepressionoranxietylaterinlife,comparedwithindividualswhosleepwell.Steppingback,wecanfindthatmentalandemotionalhealthrelyonadelicatebalance.Asinglesleeplessnightcanthereforedodamage.Thescienceofsleepandmentalhealthsuggeststhatfallingtoaddresstheproblemsthatpreventpeoplefromgettingenoughrestwillleavepeopleeasilyhurtinmind.28.Whatistheauthor’sresearchmainlyabout?A.Thelinkbetweensleepandemotions. B.Thedamageofsleepdeprivation.C.Waystoimprovementalhealth. D.Factorsthataffectemotions.29.Howwastheresearchconducted?A.Byreferringtopreviousresearch. B.Bymakingresearchersthesubjects.C.Bydoingexperimentsonparticipants. D.Byincludingmusicintheprocess.30.Whydidtheauthorburstintotears?A.Thelovesongwassotouching. B.Shewasseverelylackinginsleep.C.Shemissedherfamilytoomuch. D.Theresearchwastoostressful.31.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“reversed”inparagraph5?A.Switched. B.Disclosed. C.Identified. D.ArrangeDYoumightthinkacomputerwouldbeafairjudge,butanewstudyfromMITfindsitmightbebetterforyoutoleaveyourselfinthehandsofhumans.AIwon’tletpeopleoffeasilywhentheybreaktherule!ThisstudyexaminedhowAIwouldinterpretperceivedviolations(违反)ofagivencode.TheydiscoveredthemosteffectivedataforAItrainingisnormative(规范的)data,wherehumansdeterminewhetherarulehasbeenviolated.However,datausedtotrainmachine-learningmodelsaretypicallylabeleddescriptively—meaningpeoplelabelthefactualfeaturesofasituation,andAIdetermineswhetheracodehasbeenbroken.Theteamgatheredimagesofdogsthatcouldpotentiallyviolateanapartmentrulebanningaggressiveanimals.Labelerswerethenaskedtoprovidenormativeanddescriptiveresponses.Thedescriptiveteamwasn’tinformedaboutthepolicyondogs,andwasaskedtoidentifywhetherelements,suchasthedog’saggression,werepresent.Theirresponseshelpedtoformjudgments.Ifausersaidthephotodescribedanaggressivedog,thepolicywasconsideredtobeviolated.Ontheotherhand,thenormativegroupinformedabouttheruleandwasaskedtodeterminewhethereachimageviolatedtherule.Participantswere20percentmorelikelytoidentifyaviolationusingthedescriptivemethod.IfthedescriptivedataondogbehaviorhadbeenusedtoprogramanAImodel,itwouldbemorelikelytoissueseverepunishment.Theseinaccuraciescouldbeareal-worldconcern.Theresearchersadvocateforincreaseddatatransparency(透明性)tounderstandhowdataiscollected.Andtheirfutureworkistoinvestigatetheimpactofhavingexperts,suchaslawyersanddoctors,participateindataentrytoseeifitwillleadtothesameresult.“”Generally,normativedecisionstendtobemorelenient(宽容的),”saysleadauthorAparnaBalagopalan.“Perhapsthewaypeoplethinkaboutviolationsdiffersfromhowtheythinkaboutdescriptivedata.”32.Whatcanwelearnaboutdescriptivedata?A.Theyconsistofcausesofasituation. B.Theyleadtomoreaccuratejudgment.C.They’reusuallyusedtotrainAI. D.They’regatheredtoidentifyruleviolation.33.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinparagraph4?A.Tohighlightaproblem. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Topresentafact. D.Toopposeanopinion.34.Whatdotheresearchersplantodo?A.Usemorenormativedata. B.Conductstudieswithprofessionallabelers.C.Findnewwaystogatherdata. D.Seekadviceondataentryfromexperts.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AI:ruledefenderorbreaker? B.Dataset:decisivepartofAIC.Betterdata:descriptiveornormative? D.AIjudge:stricterthanhumans第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverreceivedaninvitationthatyoucouldn’taccept?Doyoustrugglewithhowtodeclinewithouthurtingsomeone’sfeelingsorcausingconflict?Doesitbotheryoutoturnsomeonedown?Iftheanswerisyestoanyofthesequestions,you’renotalone.Infact,thishappenstomostpeopleatsometimeintheirlives.36.Herearesometipsonhowtoturndownaninvitationinthemostpoliteway.Don’twaitanddon’tignoretheinvitation.Assoonasyouknowyouwillbeunabletogo,letthepersonknow.Mosteventsrequireplanningandbudgeting.37.Sheneedstoknowwhetherornotyou’llbethere.Ignoringtheinvitationshowsthatyoudon’tknowproperetiquette(礼节),andyoumightbeleftofftheguestlistforhernextparty.38Alwayssincerelythankthepersonforinvitingyouandletherknowthatyou’rehonoredthatshe’dthinkhighlyenoughofyoutosendtheinvitation.Don’ttellliesanddon’tover-explain.Youdon’teverhavetocomeupwithfalseexcusesforwhyyou’reunabletogototheevent,butyoualsodon’thavetogointodetail.39Thatshouldbeenough.Andrememberthatwhenyougivereasons,keepyourexplanationshortandtothepoint.Doingotherwisewillmakeitsoundlikeyou’rejusttryingtomakeupexcuses.AskforadifferenttimeIftheinvitationisexclusive(独有的)toyou,letthepersonknowyou’reunabletomakeitatthetimesherequested,40A.Expressappreciationfortheinvitation.B.Thekeyistoletthepersonknowwhetherornotyoucanaccepttheinvitationassoonaspossibleandinapolitemanner.C.andyoufeelreallysorryaboutthat.D.butyou’dlovetogettogetherwithheratanothertime.E.Puttingtheinvitationasidetodealwithlaterisn’tgoodforyouorthepersonwhosentit.F.Itisimpolitetorefuseaninvitationfromothers.G.Letherknowthatyoualreadyhaveplans.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。PeoplealwaystellmeIwasbravetoapplytomedicalschoolinmy30s.Butforme,thebravestthingwasto41frombeingadoctor10yearslater.I’dalwayswantedtostudy42tohelpreleasetheworldfromsufferings,butbelievingIwasnotbrightenough,Ileftschoolat15anddidn’treturntoeducation43my30s.44thefactthatthecommute(通勤)wastoughandthemoneywas45,Ikeptgoingthistime.Idreamedofbecomingadoctorwhomadea(n)46.Ispentfiveyearsatmedicalschoollearning47tofixthings,butaftergraduation,whenIworkedinahospital,IsoondiscoveredthereweremanythingsinlifeIwasunableto48.Itwasn’ttheworkloadIstruggledwith,though.WhatIfoundreally49wastheemotionalload.Asadoctor,IknewIwould50upsettingthings.IknewIwouldwatchpeopledieandIknewIwouldseethemostawfulthings.However,beingalwayspresentatallthesemomentsbecamea51forme.IknewIneededasolution52it,andIfinally53writing.Writingallowedmeanescape,adoorintoanotherworld,anditalsohelpedto54myanxieties.Writing,somethingIhadstartedasaformoftreatment,nowgavemesuccess,anexitcard,andachanceofself-protection.55,IwaswonderingwhetherIwasadoctororawriter.Havingthoughtthickandthin,I56myjobandtookthewriting.ItwasnotadecisionImade57.IknewifIdidn’tput58first,Iwouldeventuallydisappear.Istillworkonthewards(病房)now,butasa(an)59.Therearetimeswhenyouneedtofocusonyourself.Ifyouhavewalkedsofardownaroughroad,youmayfindit60toheadbackbecausewalkingawayisoftenthesafestrouteofall.41.A.hide B.suffer C.leave D.lean42.A.education B.medicine C.history D.maths43.A.until B.before C.after D.since44.A.For B.With C.Given D.Despite45.A.sufficient B.tight C.worthless D.missing46.A.wish B.decision C.difference D.application47.A.what B.who C.which D.how48.A.handle B.recognize C.choose D.decide49.A.amazing B.impossible C.essential D.significant50.A.cause B.abandon C.witness D.fix51.A.gift B.practice C.burden D.luck52.A.by B.to C.with D.for53.A.turnedto B.gaveup C.runfor D.figuredout54.A.findout B.wipeout C.handout D.pickout55.A.Recently B.Originally C.Apparently D.Gradually56.A.quitted B.regained C.continued D.led57.A.seriously B.sadly C.aimlessly D.lightly58.A.myself B.himself C.itself D.herself59.A.expert B.leader C.volunteer D.doctor60.A.easy B.fortunate C.hard D.wise第II卷(非选择题共50分)第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Technologyisn’ttheonlyway61(forecast)theweather.Naturehas62(it)ways,too.Unusualanimalbehavior,forexample,canindicatewhetherit’scold,wetweatherthat’sontheway63ahot,dryperiod.Iffisharejumping64(high)thanusualorfrogsarecroakingmoreloudly,itmayrain.Andnexttimeyoulookup65thesky,don’tjustlookforrainclouds,butalsoforbirds.Iftheyareflyinglow,grabyourumbrella.Itisalsosaidthat66(mouse)andsnakesheadforsafergroundseveraldaysbefore67earthquake,whiledogs68(avoid)thebeachmaybeasignthatatsunami69(approach).Ofcourse,althoughthesethingsmaysuggestsomethingbadisgoingtohappen,theywon’ttelluswhenandwhere.So,foraccurateand70(rely)predictions,it’sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearTom,It’sgreattohearfromyou.Thankstoyourbirthdaycard!YouaskedifIhavebeenthinkingalotaboutthefuturenowthatI’m17.Theanswerisyes!Thingschangesoquickly,don’tyou?Imean,injustayear’stime,Iwillcanbeanadult.Andthistimeintwomonths,IwillbetakingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.Hopeful,Iwillpassit!Then,inacoupleofmonths,Iwillbestudyatauniversity.Iwantchooselaw.Aftergraduate,Iwilllookforajobrelatetolaw.Inthelongterm,Ihopethat20yearsfromtoday,Iwillbeworkingasthejudge.Let’sseehowthingsgo.Whatareyouhopingtodointhefuture?Tellmeyourplans.Bestwishforyou!Diana第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mark从新闻上看到中药抗疫有奇效，向你咨询有关中医药的情况。请你回一封邮件给予介绍。要点如下：1.历史悠久；2.效果显著；3.获得国际认可。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：新冠COVID-19疫情epidemic世界卫生组织WHODearMark,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________