高一英语必修3-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-scien

高一英语必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars人教试验版【本讲教化信息】一、教学内容必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（一）重点单词（二）重点短语（三）重（难）点句型二、学问精讲（一）重点单词1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度systematicadj.Hecreatedanewsystemofteachingforeignlanguages.他创建了一种新的外语教学体系。Thenewsystemhashadadisastrouseffectonproductivity.新制度对生产率产生了灾难性的影响。Toomuchalcoholisbadforthesystem.过量饮酒对身体有害。theoryn.学说；理论theoreticadj.Therearemanytheoriesabouttheoriginoflife.关于生命起源的学说有许多。Inthiswaytheycanbetterapplytheorytopractice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。Yourplansoundsfineintheoryitdoesn’tworkinpractice.你的支配在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中无法实施。2.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的violencen.Theyarelaunchingaviolentattackontheenemy.他们对敌人绽开了猛烈的进攻。Theclasswasshockedbyhisviolentlanguage.全班同学对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatchviolentmovies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。Theyoungmanwaschargedwithrobberywithviolence.这个年轻人被控暴力抢劫。3.unlike（1）prep.与……不像，与……不同Unlikehisbrother,hehasasenseofhumor.与他的兄弟不同，他很有幽默感。It’sunlikeyounottosayhello.连招呼都不打，这可不像是你（的作风）。（2）adj.不同的,相异的,不相像的Theygiveunlikeaccountsoftheincident.他们对这件事的描述各不相同。4.fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的；必要的Thereisafundamentaldifferenceinattitudebetweenthetwopoliticians.这两位政治家的看法有着根本区分。Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.簇新空气对健康是不行缺少的。5.harmfuladj.对……有害的harmlessadj.Itisobviousthatsmokingisharmfultohealth.很明显，吸烟对健康有害。学问拓展harmn.损害,危害,损害；vt.(使)受到损害,损害Excessivedrinkingwillbeharmfultoyou./doyouharm./doharmtoyou./harmyou.过量饮酒对身体有害。6.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在Mancan’texistwithoutoxygen.人没有氧气就不能生存。IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。Thereexistsagoodwaytosolvetheexistingproblem.有一个解决目前问题的好方法。Nooneknowshowthisworldcameintoexistence。没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。7.puzzle（1）n.谜，难题；令人费解的事[人]Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什么干那件事仍旧让我费解。It’saquitepuzzletouswhyhedidit.他为何做这样的事，我们完全搞不懂。（2）vi.&vt.(使)迷惑；（使）犯难Whatpuzzledmewaswhytheydidn’ttakeheradvice.他们为什么不接受她的建议，这使我大惑不解。学问拓展puzzling令人困惑的puzzled感到困惑的Wefeltpuzzledatthesepuzzlingquestions.我们对这些令人困惑的问题感到茫然。即学即用①Atlast,Imadeupmymindtospeakthetruth______ofthewholeclass.A.inthepresent B.atthepresentC.inthepresence D.atthepresence②Theyhada______quarrelandJohnstormedout.A.violent B.cruel C.strong C.harmful③Hisnewnovelis______allhispreviousones.A.unlike B.notlikely C.unlikely D.likely④Judgingfromhis______look,thisproblemmustbequite______.A.puzzling;puzzling B.puzzled;puzzledC.puzzling;puzzled D.puzzled;puzzling⑤Wedon’townthebuilding._____,itwouldbeimpossibleforustomakeanymajorchangestoit.A.Thus B.Yet C.Still D.Even⑥Astrangevirusstruckmycomputer_____sothatitbrokedown.A.design B.system C.theory D.instrument⑦Atruckwentoutofcontroland______intothebackofabus.A.cracked B.crashed C.broke D.burst⑧Scientistsarenotsureaboutthe_____ofwateronMars.A.appearance B.existence C.connection D.possibility（二）重点短语1.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。△intime刚好；最终；迟早Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.假如坚持下去，你迟早会胜利的。Thestormwastostopintimebeforethesportsmeeting.暴风雨最终在运动会起先前停下来了。Hemanagedtosendthetouriststotheairportintime.他设法把游客刚好送到了机场。Thedoctorcameintimetosavehislife.医生刚好赶到救了他的命。Willwebeintimeforthesixo’clocktrain?我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？学问拓展常与time搭配的短语还有Thecompanyfiredhimfornotcomingtoworkontime.那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。I’llbebackinnotime.我立刻就回来。Takethepillstwoatatime.每次服两粒。Hewasatonetimeaprofessorinthatuniversity.他一度是那所高校的教授。Everyonemaymakemistakesattimes.每个人都会时常的犯错误。Theyfinishedtheworkaheadoftime.他们提前完成了工作。She’sstayingwithherauntforthetimebeing.她短暂住在她姨妈那里。Takeyourtimepacking,forwestillhaveoneandahalfhour.渐渐整理你的行李,我们还有一个半小时的时间。2.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。△inone’sturn轮到某人；接着Tomorrow,inhisturn,hewillbeonduty.明天轮到他值班了。学问拓展常与turn搭配的短语还有：Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.我们轮番开车。Alltheoriesarederivedfrompracticeandinturnservepractice.全部理论来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。It’smyturntogiveaspeechtoday.今日轮到我发言了。3.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingtheearthintospace.△prevent…from阻挡，制止Noonecanpreventtheplanfrombeingcarriedout.谁也不能阻挡这个支配的实施。Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参与不了明天的竞赛。学问拓展“阻挡某人干某事”常见的英语表达法：Doctorstookactiontoprevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading.=Thediseaseisprevented/stopped/keptfromspreading.医生实行措施防止这种疾病的扩散。留意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可以省略,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中的from不行省略；但如在被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不行以省略.辨析：prevent…from/protect…fromHeputonhissunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.他戴上太阳镜爱护眼睛不受强光的损害。4.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.所以在将来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上持续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。△dependon/upon取决于、依靠、信任、信任Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.万物生长靠太阳。Whetherthegamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.竞赛是否实行要视天气状况而定。Wecandependonhimforhelp.我们可以希望他帮忙。Youcandependonmetogo/mygoingtherewithyou.你可以希望我和你一起去那里。Youcandependonitthathewillhelpus.你要信任他会帮我们的。学问拓展It/That(all)depends.很难说，视状况而定—Willyoucomebackthisafternoon?你今日下午回来吗？—Italldepends.说不准。5.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomingsmallerandthemoonlarger.我立即欢呼起来，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着地球越来越小，而月球越来越大。△cheerup(使)兴奋起来,(使)振作起来Thenewscheeredhimup.这消息使他兴奋起来。Cheerup!Itcan’tbeasbadasallthat.振作起来!状况不会那么糟。WeallcheeredupatthenewsofthesuccessfullaunchingofChang’e=1\*ROMANI.听到嫦娥一号放射胜利的消息，我们都欢呼起来。学问拓展Thecrowdcheeredtherunnerson.人群对跑步者高喊加油。6.Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.既然重力变更了，走路也的确须要练一练了。△nowthat既然，由于，引导缘由状语从句。that可以省略Nowthatyouhavefinishedyourwork,you’dbetterhavearest.既然你的工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。Nowthatyouareready,let’sstartoffatonce.既然你已经打算好了，让我们立即动身吧。学问拓展Sinceeverybodyishere,wewillbeginthemeeting.既然大家都来了，我们起先开会。7.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipasthegravityincreased.我们惊异地看到，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来。△breakout突然发生，爆发Afirebrokeoutinhishouselastnight.昨天夜里他家发生了一起火灾。TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutinSeptember1939.其次次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。学问拓展辨析breakout/happen/takeplace/occur/comeaboutbreakout多用于表示斗争、火灾、疾病、疫情的突然爆发。happen一般用语，表示所发生的事带有偶然性、意外性，可用于happentodo结构。takeplace强调必定性或按支配、支配发生。occur为正式用语，指详细事物时可以与happen互换，另外occur有“突然想起”之意。Whateverhappens,wemustkeepcalm.不管发生什么事，我们都应保持镇静。Thewarbetweenthetwocountriesbrokeoutatlast.