第十一节定语从句讲义-高三英语一轮复习

第十一节定语从句〔真题演练〕1.[2022全国新高考Ⅰ]TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.[2022全国甲]Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.3.[2021浙江1月]BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolwhich/thatgivesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.4.[2021天津6月]Inthespring,aseasonwhenwearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindfortinthenaturalworld.5.[2020全国Ⅲ]InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.〔必备知识〕考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中所作的成分who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物或事主语、宾语、定语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人、物或事主语、宾语Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，现在他在纽约。易错提示as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as...（像……一样的;像……之类的）;thesame+名词+as...（和……同样的）2.that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly、thevery、theright、all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时Themagazineattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbeesmoreandmorepopular.这本杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它变得越来越受欢迎。3.as和which的区别asas引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，像……”。常作实义动词（如see、know、expect、say等）的宾语。whichwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等。which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语或宾语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”正如古话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”考点特训1.[2022广东广州六中高三期末]Exerciseissomethingthatcanhelptomakeyoulookgood,feelgoodandbehealthy.2.[2022广西四市联合模拟]Accordingtohertrainer,whohelpedtomanagetheDouyinaccount,Chenattractedmorethan400,000followerswithinjustafewmonths.3.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,whichsheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.4.Asisreportedinthenewspaper,theChinesefootballteamhaswonthematch.5.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,whichhassurprisedusall.6.I’vebeegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.7.Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.8.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefivetotenminutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.考点二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于“in/at/on/during...+which”Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in/at/on/from...+which”Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesinmunityactivitieswheretheycangainvaluableexperience.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?易错提示当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词where引导。Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。考点特训1.[2022华中师大一附中考前测试]Asciencelecture400kilometersaboveEarthwasdeliveredbyChineseastronautsonChina’sTiangongspacestation,wheretheydisplayeduniquephysicalphenomenaintheorbitingspacecraft.2.[2022广东六校联考]ItistheuniqueareawherelivebothwildSiberiantigersandSiberianleopards.3.[2020全国Ⅰ改编]ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.4.Hedidn’ttellmethereasonwhyhewassoupset.5.Althoughwaterplaysavitalroleinthecelebration,thereismuchmoretothefestival,especiallyduringthefirsttwodayswhenwatersplashingisparativelykeptundercontrol.考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.在9月30日之前你必须支付账单。2.“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。此类结构常见的有“some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/none/thelargest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingsshedtearswhencrying,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewelleducated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。3.在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以转换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以转换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewlybuiltcafé，whosewalls（=thewallsofwhich）arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。考点特训1.[2021天津3月]WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.2.[2020江苏]Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromwhichstudentscanchooseforfree.3.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.4.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostofwhomarefamilymembers.〔技巧点拨〕〔分层特训〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.[2022广东深圳名校联考]Inordertobeselected,YaohadpassedtheCollegeEnglishTestbeforehesignedupasavolunteer,attendedtheRedCrossrescuetraining,whichwasorganizedbyBeihangUniversity,andobtainedacorrespondingcertificate.2.[2022河北衡水中学高考押题卷]Basically,bakingisacreativeactivitywhereyoucanimagineahappymomentinthefuture.3.[2022湖北四校模拟联考三]Thecustomdatesbacktomorethan2,000yearsago,whenpeoplebelievedtheyowedagoodharvesttothegods,whoprotectedthemfromthestormyseas.4.[2022甘肃兰州高三诊断]Reducingthatlossby1percentagepointwouldbeequaltoa28milliontonneincreaseingrainoutput,whichcouldfeed70millionpeopleforayear.5.[2020全国新高考Ⅰ]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.6.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis，daysweregonewhenlocal5starhotelscharged6，000yuanforonenight.7.Thenewsthat/whichispublishedwithoutcheckingwhetheritisafactornotcancreateunnecessaryconfusionandextremefeelingsamongthemasses.8.Theawkwardchatisgainingitsplaceamongyoungpeoplewho/thathavebeenlivingunderalotofpressure.9.Ithassetanexampletoothermuseumsinourcountry,mostofwhichseemtobestilllivinginthedaysgoneby.10.ThereasonwhyIwanttohavemyshoesrepairedinthisshopisthatthemanworksverycarefully.Ⅱ.语法填空[2022山东烟台、德州高三一模]AWithahistoryofmorethan6,000years,Chinesepainting,originally1pursued（pursue）bywealthypeople,developedaround221BCduringtheQinDynasty.Then,itbecamepopulararound581ADasmoreandmorepeoplebegantoshow2appreciation（appreciate）ofitsbeauty.BasictoolsandmaterialsforChinesepaintinginvolvewritingbrushes,inkandpaper.TheChinesepaintingbrushismostlymadeofgoat,weaselorfoxhairs,3whicharesuitableforproducingsoftandstringybrushes.Theinkstickisproducedwithamixtureofpinesoot（松烟）andanimalglue.It’susedinbinationwithaninkstone.Thepainterwetstheinkstoneandthengrinds（研磨）theinkstickonthestone,4making（make）theinkrunsothatitcanbeusedforpainting.ManyChineseancientartworks5werecreated（create）onsilk.However,silkwas6soexpensivethatitwouldonlybesavedforveryimportantpaintings.Bythefirstcentury,whentheearlyformofpaperwasinvented,ithadbeealot7cheaper（cheap）topaint.TraditionalChinesepaintingenjoysworldwidefame8foritsoriginalstyle,distinctivefeaturesandspecialtechniques.Itemphasizesharmonybetweenmanandnature.WhenlookingataChinesepainting,youmaynot9initially（initial）realizeitsplexconcept.Infact,muchremains10tobelearned/tobelearnt（learn）abouttraditionalChinesepaintinganditselements.ByappreciatingChinesepainting,youwillhaveabetterunderstandingoftraditionalChinesecultureandChinesepeople.BRecentmonthshaveseenareturnofbikesacrossChina,withanincreasingnumberofpeople11choosing（choose）cyclinginsteadofdrivingtoschool,theworkplaceorthetouristattractions.Theintroductionofbikesharingprogramshasbroughtthetrendtoanewlevel.Thebikes12areequipped（equip）withlocat