新概念三第13课讲义

Lesson13“It’sonlyme”Objective: Reviewtheusageof“must”,“haveto”,“oughtto”,“need”.LetterWritingTheEnglishTrainingCentre, TheContinuingEducation Guang Guang theP.R.C. April15th,2007DearMary, Introduction Purpose Conclusion Yours, DanaPS:IWarmupDoyouthinkthesepicturesarebeautiful?Aretheyfrightening?Whatkindofpartymaythisbe? (Thefancy-dressparty.)Whatkindoffestivalmayitbe? (TheHalloween.October31,celebratedintheUnitedStates,Canada,andtheBritishIslesbychildrengoingdoortodoorwhilewearingcostumesandbeggingtreatsandplayingpranks.诸圣日前夕，万圣节前夕10月31日，在美国、加拿大以及英伦诸岛的孩子们穿着化装服走家串户接受款待并且做些恶作剧以庆祝这个节日)IINewwords&Expressionscostume服装式样；化装用服装；戏装 eg.academiccostume学位服 actorsinpolicemen'scostumes穿着警服的演员 costumeball化装舞会 costumedesigner(影剧)服装设计员 costumeplay古装戏 nationalcostume民族服装uniform制服；军服 eg.schooluniform校服 policeuniform警服consistvi. (1)Tobemadeuporcomposed由…构成，被组成或构成： Bodyconsistsofparts. eg.NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs. 纽约市由五个行政区组成 TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainand NorthernIreland. 联合王国包括大不列颠与北爱尔兰。 Hisjobconsistsofhelpingoldpeoplewholivealone. 他的工作包括帮助无人照顾的独居老人。 (2)Tohaveabasis;resideorlie在于或存在,有一个根底 Phrase:consistin eg.Thebeautyoftheartist'sstyleconsistsinitssimplicity. 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴 Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity. 这个方案妙就妙在简明扼要。 (3)Tobecompatible;accord调和的；符合： Phrase:consistwith eg.Theinformationconsistswithheraccount. 这消息与她的描述是一致的 Theoryshouldconsistwithpractice. 理论应与实践相一致。comprisev. (1)Toconsistof;becomposedof;Toinclude;contain由…构成；由…组成;包含,包括(fml) eg.Thecommitteecomprisesfivepersons. 该委员会由五人组成。 Theunioncomprises50states. 联邦由50个州组成 Thehousecomprisestenrooms. 这所房子包括10个房间。 (2)Tocompose;constitute组成；构成(infml) eg.50statescomprisetheUnion. 50个州组成联邦。 TwentychapterscompriseBookOne. 第一卷有二十章。 >Bodyiscomprisedofparts.由…构成；由…组成(infml) eg.Theunioniscomprisedof50states. 联邦由50个州组成。composevt.Tomakeuptheconstituentpartsof;constituteorform(由各局部)组成,构成,形成 Partscomposebody.>Bodyiscomposedofparts. eg.England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandof 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。 Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixed withwater.混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。 Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen. 水是由氢和氧组成的。 constitutevt.Tobetheelementsorpartsof;compose构成(…的局部或成分)；组成 Partsconstitutebody.>Bodyisconstitutedofparts. eg.Sevendaysconstituteaweek. 七天构成一个星期。 Twelvemonthsconstituteayear. 十二个月构成一年。 England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandconstitute theUnitedkingdom. TheUnitedkingdomisconstitutedofEngland,Wales, Scotland,andNorthernIreland . 英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成联合王国。 Correctgrammarandsentencestructuredonotin themselvesconstitutegoodwriting. 正确的语法和句子结构本身并不能构成一篇好文章。effectiveadj.(usuofthings,sometimesofpeople)Havinganintendedorexpectedeffect;Operative;ineffect〔多指物，偶尔指人〕有效的,具有预期或先见效果的;有效的实施中；生效的 eg.Thelawiseffectiveimmediately.这项法律立即生效。 aneffectivemethod有效方法 takeeffectivemeasures采取有效措施 Themedicineisaneffectivecureforaheadache. 这种药治头痛有很好的疗效。 Afterthegovernmenthadtakensomeeffective measures,pricesbegantoleveloff. 政府采取了一些有效措施后,物价开始稳定了。 aneffectiveleader一位得力领导effectualadj.(fml,notusedofpeople)Producingorsufficienttoproduceadesiredeffect;fullyadequate. 〔文，不用于指人〕有效的，能产生或足以产生预定效果的；完全充足的 eg.effectualactionagainstunemployment 反对失业的有效行动 Takeeffectualaction/measures/steps 采取有效行动/措施/步骤。efficientadj.(ofpeople)abletoworkwell,capable〔指人〕高效的,能胜任的，有能力的 〔espoftools,machines,systems,etc.)exhibitingahighratioofoutputtoinput〔尤指工具、机器、系统等〕有效力的，成效大的，产出与投入比值高的 eg.anefficientsecretary能干的秘书 anefficientmanager称职的经理 efficientmethods经济而有效的方法 Thisnewcopymachineismoreefficientthantheoldone. 这台新复印机比那台旧的效率高。flee(fledfled)vt.vi. (1)Torunaway(from),asfromtroubleordanger: (从…)逃跑,从困难或险境中逃跑 eg.Thedriverfledthesceneoftheaccident. 司机从肇事地点逃跑了。 Theenemyfledindisorder.敌人溃逃了。 Theprisonerfledfromtheprisonintothenight. 囚犯从监狱逃到茫茫黑夜中。 Thecatfledfromthedog. 猫从狗那里逃走了。 (2)Topassswiftlyaway;vanish飞逝,迅速消失；消亡,消散 eg. Colorfledfromhercheeks. 红晕从她的双颊上消失了。escapevt.vi. (1)Tobreakloosefromconfinement;getfree(from);Toavoidcapture,danger,orharm逃走，逃脱监禁；得到自由;逃避,逃脱捕获、危险或伤害 eg.Henarrowlyescapeddeath.他九死一生。 Nothingescapedhisattention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 Tenprisonershadescaped(fromtheprison). 十个罪犯越狱而逃。 (2)Toissuefromconfinementoranenclosure;leakorseepout 漏出,渗漏或泄露,从限制和环绕中流出来，(不自觉地〕由…发出： eg.Gaswasescaping.煤气漏出来。 Asighescapedmylips.我不禁叹了口气。slamvt.vi. (1)bang,Toshutwithforceandloudnoise砰然关上,用力关并发出很大的声音 eg.Heslammedthedoor.他砰地一下关上了门。 Thedoorslammed. (2)Toput,throw,orotherwiseforcefullymovesoastoproducealoudnoise猛力投掷，猛力放置为了弄出很大的声音而放、扔或做其它有力的运动 eg.Heslammedthebookonthedesk. 他呼的一下把书扔到了桌子上。 (3)Tohitorstrikewithgreatforce用力打击用极大的力打或击 eg.Thecarslammedintoatruck. 那辆小轿车撞到了一辆卡车上。IIITextStudyExplainthetext:Evenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.Phrase:makesbdosth>bemadetodosth注意变为被动语态后原来不带to的不定式要加上to eg.Hemadethemworkdayandnight. Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight. Weheardhersingthesong. Shewasheardtosingthesong. Someonesawhimtakethemoney. Hewasseentotakethemoney.Explainthetext:Heasked,lookingmeintheeye.Phrases:looksbintheeye,looksbintheface staresbintheeye,lookdirectlyatsb eg.Noonedaredtolookhimintheeye. Shelookedhimsteadilyintheface. Theteacherstaredthenaughtyboyintheeye. Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshalllookdirectlyatyouraudience.Explainthetext:Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease? Wouldyouminddoingsthplease? Wouldyoukindlydosthplease? wouldyoupleasedosth? Wouldyoubesokindastodosth? Wouldyoubekindenoughtodosth? 请你做……好吗？Wouldyoumindmydoingsth? WouldyoumindifIdidsth?DoyoumindifIdosth 如果我做……，你介意吗？eg.Wouldyoumindopeningthedoorformeplease? Wouldyoumindputtingthatbookontheshelfplease? WouldyoumindturningofftheTV? Wouldmindmysmokinghere? Wouldyoumindmycomingtoyoutomorrow? Wouldyoumindmybringingmyboyfriendtoyour party?Explainthetext:Suddenly,IsawtheOfficer’sfacelightup.Phrase:lightup:suddenlylookpleasedandhappy lightlightedlightedorlightlitliteg.TomwilllightupwhenheseesthenewbicyclethatIboughtforhim. Herfacelitupwhensheheardthenews.Explainthetext:HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.(1)Structure:“which”introducesanattributiveclausetomodify“anunpleasantsmell”;insidetheattributiveclause“that”introducesanobjectiveclauseafterverb“convinced”.“which”引导定语从句修饰“anunpleasantsmell”，定语从句中又出现了“that”引导的宾语从句做动词“convinced”的宾语。Explainthetext:HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.(2)Phrase:sthgreetsb>sbbegreetedbystheg.Iopenedthedoor,andadreadfulmessgreetedme. Whenwereachedthetopofthemountain,abeautifulviewoftheseagreetedus. Iwokeupandwasgreetedbythebirds’song. Icamesuchalongwaytoseehimbutwasonlygreetedbyhisindifference.IVDrills&ExercisesReadthetextafterthetape.Payattentiontothestressandintonationandwheretostop.Trytoaskeachotherthecomprehensionquestionsinpairswithoutlookingatthetext. (P55Summarywriting)RoleplayCharacters:you,yourhusbandandaCustomsOfficerTime:lateintheafternoonYouandyourhusbandreturnfromParisandyouaretakingthreebagsofbaggage.Youneedtohurryupforyouaresupposedtoattendyourbrother’swedding,buttheCustomsOfficerstopsyouwhileyouaregoingthroughtheGreenChannel…KeytoVocabularytroubled:upset,disturbedclearly:obviously,apparentlypacked:putindreadful:terriblecap:top,lidnostrils:noseconvinced:persuaded,madebelieveKeyStructuresPleaseputthefollowingdirectstatementsintoindirectstatements:“I’mcoming,”sheanswered.“Whatareyoudoinguphere,Bill?”thevicarasked.“Doyouwanttocomewithme?”Maryaskedme.“Pleasehelpmewiththebooks,Mary,”theteachersaid.“Tryitanotherway,”mymothersuggested.“Putupyourarms,”thepolicemanorderedthethief.“Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?”theofficeraskedme.“Haveyouanythingtodeclare?”heasked.“It’sastrangemixtureImakemyself,”thewritersaid.“Tryit,”thewritertoldtheofficer.Key:“I’mcoming,”sheanswered.Sheansweredthatshewascoming.“Whatareyoudoinguphere,Bill?”thevicarasked.ThevicaraskedBillwhathewasdoingupthere.“Doyouwanttocomewithme?”Maryaskedme.Maryaskedwhether/ifIwantedtogowithher.“Pleasehelpmewiththebooks,Mary,”theteachersaid.TheteacheraskedMarytohelpherwiththebooks.“Tryitanotherway,”mymothersuggested.MymothersuggestedthatIshouldtryitanotherway.Key:“Putupyourarms,”thepolicemanorderedthethief.Thepolicemanorderedthethieftoputuphisarms.“Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?”theofficeraskedme.Theofficeraskedmetounlockthatsuitcase.“Haveyouanythingtodeclare?”heasked.Heaskedwhether/ifIhadanythingtodeclare.“It’sastrangemixtureImakemyself,”thewritersaid.Thewritersaidthatitwasastrangemixturehemadehimself.