2024年职称英语考试理工类B级试题

2024年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷理工类B级第1局部：词汇选项〔第1～15题，每题1分，共15分〕下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Shefoundmeverydull.AdirtyBsleepyClazyDboring2.ThePresidentmadeabriefvisittoBeijing.AshortBworkingCformaDsecret3.Hewaspersuadedtogiveuptheidea.AmentionBacceptCconsiderDdrop4.Jackconsumesapoundofcheeseaday.AeatsBdrinksCbuysDproduces5.Maryjusttoldusaveryfascinatingstory.AstrangeBfrighteningCdifficultDinteresting6.It'sagorgeousdayanyway.AlovelyBcoldCnormalDrainy7.Herlifeisbecomingmorediverse.AgenerousBhumorousCvariedDromantic8.Foreignmilitaryaidwasprolongingthewar.AbroadeningBworseningCextendingDaccelerating9.Shewasunwillingtogobutshehadnochoice.AunableBindecisiveCreadyDreluctant10.Sheisslender,withdelicatewristsandankles.AsickBweakCslimDpale11.Withimmenserelief,stoppedrunning.AsomeBenormousClittleDextensive12.Thescientistsbegantoaccumulatedata.AcollectBhandleCanalyzeDinvestigate13.Jackeventuallyovertookthelasttruck.AhitBpassedCreachedDled14.Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.ApossibleBprofitableCeasyDwise15.Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.AfactBmysteryCstatementDgame第2局部：阅读判断〔第16～22题,每题1分,共7分〕[暂无]第3局部：概括大意与完成句子〔第23—30题,每题1分,共8分〕下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最正确标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最正确选项。TheSupercomputerNetwork1 Recently,tenlaboratoriesrunbygovernmentsindifferentpartsoftheworldhavebecomelinked.Theircomputershavebeenconnectedsotheycan“talk〞toeachother.Thismaynotseemverydramaticnews,butitisthebeginningofadevelopmentthatwillincreasethepoweroftheInternettremendously.2 TheInternetisaninterconnected〔互联〕systemofnetworksthatconnectscomputersroundtheworldandfacilitatesthetransmissionandexchangeofinformation.ThewaythatyouusetheIntermitisbyaccessingthisnetwork.Thisdependsonthepowerthatyoursystemallowsyoutouse.Thepowerofyourcomputerisresponsibleforhowfastyoucandownload〔下载〕files,howmuchdatayoucanstore,etc.Ifyourcomputerisoldandslow,accessingtheinformationcanbeverydifficult.3 Thenewdevelopmentininformationtechnologyhasbeencalled“thegrid〞〔网格技术〕,anditwillbeanetworkofcomputersthatarelinkedtogether.The“grid〞willworkinadifferentwayfromtheInternetenablingyoutogetthepowerofthebiggestcomputersintheworldonyourcomputer.Accessingtheinformationwillnolongerdependonthepowerofyourcomputer.Theideaisthatwhileyouaccessinformation,youwillalsohaveaccesstothepowerofthebiggercomputerstations.4 Oneadvantageofthisrevolutionaryideaisthatgeographicallocationwillbecomeirrelevant.The“grid〞willdecidewhicharethebestpartsofaworldwidenetworktodothejobyouwant.ThismeansthatyoumaybeaccessingacomputerInJapantosolveaprobleminAlaska.5 The“grid〞canbecomparedtohavinganefficientpersonalassistant.Youcangaveyourassistantataskand“he〞willdoitforyou.Theassistantwilldothepreliminaryresearch,collectthedata,comparethemanddecideonthebestcourseofactionbyaccessinganyofthecomputercentersinthe“grid〞thathappentohavetherelevantinformation.Ailyouhavetodoisassignthetask,sitbackandwait.6 Atpresent,possibleapplicationsofthe“grid〞inscientificresearcharebeingexplored.WhileithastakenaboutfifteenyearsforInternetusetobecomewidespread,expertsbelievethatthe“grid〞couldbeusandrunningforprivateindividualsfarmorequickly.Scientistsworking“grid〞projectsareconvincedthatitwillbeaswidelyusedasthewebinthenexttenyears.AHowdoesthe“grid〞AHowdoesthe“grid〞work?BPowersharedCJustmakearequestDLimitationsofpresentInternetuseEDistanceisnotaproblemFAnewerafortheInternet24Paragraph3____________25Paragraph4____________26Paragraph5____________27Traditionallythepowerofyourcomputerdetermineshowfastyoucanaccess____________28The“grid〞willenableyoutogetonyourcomputerthepowerof___________29The“grid〞wouldbelike____________whocanperformyourtasksefficiently30Itisbelievedthatthewidespreaduseofthe“grid〞willbecomepossibleinthenext__________AthebiggercomputerstationsAthebiggercomputerstationsBtheadvantageCtenyearsDinformationEyourpersonalassistantFfifteenyears第4局部：阅读理解〔第31—45题,每题3分,共45分〕下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最正确选项。第一篇SunspotsIt'snotsurprisingthatsunspots〔太阳黑子〕wereobservedbyancientastronomers〔天文学家〕.Thelargestsoupspoonthesuncanbeseenwithoutatelescope.Itwasnotuntiltheinventionofthetelescope〔望远镜〕intheearly17thcentury,however,thatsystematicstudiesofsunspotscouldbeundertaken.ThegreatastronomerGalileowasamongthefirsttomaketelescopicobservationsofsunspots.Sunspotsareregionsofextremelystrongmagneticfields〔磁场〕foundonthesun’ssurface.Asunspothasadarkcentralcoreknownastheumbra.Theumbraissurroundedbyadarkringcalledthepenumbra,wherethemagneticfieldspreadsoutward.Sunspotsappeardarkbecausetheyaregivingofflessradiation.Theyarecoolerthantherestofthesun’ssurface.Sunspotsarefrequentlyobservedinpairsofinpairedgroups.Themembersofaspotpairareidentifiedastheleadingspotandthefollowingspot.TheyareidentifiedbytheirpositioninthepairintermsofthedirectioninWhichthesunrotates〔旋转〕.Thenumberofsunspotsatanyonetimevaries.Alargespotgroupmayconsistofasmanyas10groupsand300spotsacrossthesun.Thenumberofspotschangesinafairlyregularpatterncalledthesunspotcycle.Thelargestnumberoccursaboutevery11years.AtsunspotminimL{m,thereareatmostjustafewsmallspots.Theaveragelifetimeofanindividualspotgroupisroughlyonesolarrotation,whichisabout25days.Themostpersistentlargeslops,howevercansurvivefortwotothreemonths.31.CarefulobservationsandsystematicstudiesofsunspotsA.weremadebyancientastronomers.B.startedintheearly17thcentury.C.weremadebyGalileoonly.D.couldbemadewithoutatelescope.32.Sunspotsarecoolerthantherestofthesun'ssurfacebecauseA.theyproducelessenergy.B.theyareburiedinthesun.C.theyarefarawayfrommagneticfields.D.theyareclosetomagneticfields.33TheleadingspotandthefollowingspotarethenamesofA.twolargesunspots.B.alargespotandasmallspot.C.thetwospotsinaspotpair.D.thecentralcoreandtheringaroundit.34.Infinitenesssunspotactivityhadoccurredin1857,thenextonewouldhavebeeninA.1858.B.1862.C.1865D.186835Inthelastparagraphtheword"persistentmeansA.important.B.effective.C.enduring.D.visible.第二篇WhereHaveAlltheBeesGone?Scientistswhostudyinsectshavearealmysteryontheirhands.Allacrossthecountry,honeybeesareleavingtheirhives〔蜂巢〕andneverreturning.Researcherscallthisphenomenoncolony-collapse〔群体瘫痪〕disorder.Itisreposedthat25to40percentofthehoneybeesintheUShavevanishedfromtheirhivessincelastfall.Sofar,noonecanexplainwhy.Colonycollapseisaseriousconcernbecausebeesplayanimportantroleintheproductionofaboutone-thirdofthefoodsweeat.Astheyfeed,honeybeesspreadpollen〔花粉〕fromflowertoflower.Withoutthisprocess,aplantcan’tproduceseedsorfruits.Now,agroupofscientistsandbeekeepershaveteameduptotrytofigureoutwhat’scausingthealarmingcollapseofsomanycolonies.Theyhopetofindoutwhat’scontributingtothedeclineandtopreventbeedisappearanceinthefuture.Itcouldbethatdiseaseiscausingthedisappearanceofthebees.Toexplorethatpossibility,JayEvans,aresearcherattheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture〔SDA〕BeeResearchLaboratory,examinesbeestakenfromcoloniesthatarecollapsing.“Weknowwhatahealthybeeshouldlooklikeontheinsideandwecanlookforphysicalsignsofdisease.〞hesays.Andbeesfromcollapsingcoloniesdon’tlookveryhealthy.“Theirstomachsareworndowncomparedtothestomachsofhealthybees,〞Evanssays.Itmaybethataparasite〔寄生虫〕makingthebees’digestiveorgans.Theirimmune〔免疫的〕systemsmaynotbeworkingastheyshould.Moreover,theyhavehighlevelsofbacteriainsidetheirbodies.Anothercauseofcolony-collapsedisordermaybecertainchemicalsthatfarmersapplytokillunwantedinsectsoncrops,saysJerryHayes,chiefbeeinspectorfortheFloridaDepartmentofAgriculture.Somestudies,hesays,suggestthatacertaintypeofinsecticide〔杀虫剂〕affectsthehoneybee’snewelssystemandmemory.“Itseemslikehoneybeesaregoingoutandgettingconfusedaboutwheretogoandwhattodo,〞hesays.Ifitturnsoutthatadiseaseiscontributingtocolonycollapse,bees’genescouldexplainwhysomecolonieshavecollapsedandothershavenot.Inanygroupofbeestherearemanydifferentkindsofgenes.Themoredifferentgenesagrouphas,thehigherthegroup’sgeneticdiversity.Sofarscientistshaven’tdeterminedtheroleofgeneticdiversityincolonycollapse,butit'sapromisingtheory,saysEvans.36.Whatisthemysterythatresearchersfindhardtoexplain?A.Honeybeesareflyingallacrossthecountry.B.HalfofthehoneybeesintheUShavedied.C.Honeybeesareleavingtheirhivesanddonotreturn.D.Honeybeehivesareindisorder.37.Researchersareseriouslyconcernedwiththephenomenonofcolony—collapsedisorderbecauseA.honeybeeshelpproduceone-thirdofthefoodsweeatB.parasitesonbeesmayspreadeverywhere.C.honeybeescannotfindenoughfoodelsewhere.D.honeybeesfeedonflowers.38.Whichofthefollowingisapossiblecauseofthecolony-collapsedisorder?A.Populationexplosion.B.Decreasingnumberofflowersaround.C.Geneticallymodifiedproducts.D.Diseasesandchemicals.39.WhichofthefollowingexplanationsisgivenbyJerryHayestothephenomenon?A.Bee-keepersdonotunderstandthehoneybee’sbehavior.B.Acertaintypeofchemicaldestroysthehoneybee’snewelssystem.C.Honeybeesareinfectedbyunwantedinsects.D.Somecropsarepoisonoustothehoneybees.40.Theword“diversity’inthelastparagraphmeansA.variety.B.makeup.C.disorder.D.distinction.第三篇ATaleofScottishRuralLifeLewisGrassesGibbon’sSunsetSong(1932)wasvoted“thebestScottishnovelofalltime〞byScotland’sreadingpublicin2024.OnceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspectsofthelivesofScotland’spoorruralfarmers,ithasbeenadaptedforstage,film,TVandradioinrecentdecades.ThenovelissetonthefictionalestateofKinAddie,inthefarmingcountryoftheScottishnorthwestintheyearsuptoandbeyondWorldWarI.AtitsheartisthestoryofChris,whoisbothpartofthecommunityandalittleoutsideit.GrassesGibbongivesusthemostdetailedandintimateaccountofthelifeofhisheroine〔女主人公〕.Wewatchhergrowthroughachildhooddominatedbyhercruelbuthard—workingfather；experiencetragedy(hermother’ssuicideandmurderofhertwinchildren);andlearnaboutherfeelingsasshegrowsintoawoman.Weseehermarry,Loseherhusband,thenmarryagain.Chrishasseemedsoconvincingafiguretosomefemalereadersthattheycannot,believethatsheisthecreationofaman.ButitwouldbemisleadingtosuggestthatthisbookisjustaboutChris.Itistrulyanovelofaplaceanditspeople.ItsopeningsectiontellsofKinAddie’slonghistory,inalanguagethatimitatestheplace’schangingpatternsofspeechandwriting.Thestoryitselfisamazinglyfullofcharactersandincidents.ItistoldfromChris’pointofviewbutalsofromthatofthegossipingcommunity,acommunitywhereeverybodyknowseverybodyelse’sbusinessandnothingiseverforgotten.SunsetSonghasasocialthemetoo.ItisconcernedwithwhatGrassesGibbonperceivesasthedestructionoftraditionalScottishrurallifefirstbymodernizationandthenbyWorldWarI.Gibbontriedhardtoshowhowcertaincharactersresistthewar.Despitethis,thewartakestheyoungmenaway,anumberofthemtotheirdeaths.Inparticular,ittakesawayChris’husband,EvanAvondale.ThewarfinallykillsEvan,butnotinthewayhiswidowistold,Infact.TheGermansaren’tresponsibleforhisdeath,buthisownside.Heisshotbecauseheissaidtohaverunawayfromabattle.Ifthenovelisabouttheendofonewayoflifeitalsolooksahead.Itisa“SunsetSong〞butisconcernedtoowiththenewKinAddie,indeedofthenewEuropeanworld.GrassesGibbonwentontopublishtwoothernovelsabouttheplacethatcontinueitsstory.41.WhatisSunsetSongmainlyabout?A.TheFirstWorldWar.B.Thebeautyofthesunset.C.ThenewEuropeanworld.D.ThelivesofruralScottishfarmers42.WhichstatementisNOTtrueofChris?A.SheistheheroineofSunsetSong.B.Shehadamiserablechildhood.C.Sheisthecreationofman.D.Shemarriedonlyonce.43.Whatistheopeningsectionofthenovelmainlyconcernedwith?A.TheclimateofKinAddie.B.ThehistoryofKinAddie.C.ThegeographyofKinAddie.D.ThelanguagespokeninKinAddie.44.WhokilledChris’husband,Evan?A.Hisowntroops.B.TheFrencharmyC.TheGermans.D.TheRussiansoldiers.45.Theword“Sunset〞inthetitleofthisnovelmostprobablymeansA.theendoftheheroine’slife.B.theendoftenstory.C.theendofthetraditionalwayoflife.D.theendoftheday.第5局部：补全短文〔第46～50题，每题2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。RisingTuitionintheUSEveryspring,USuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenextacademicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalaries,utilitycostsfordormitories,newbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbersandconclude—itseems,inevitably—that,yetagain,thecostoftuitionmustgoup.AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoard,thepriceofattendingafour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween2024and2024,thenumberscontinuedtorisein1993and2024.________(46)Accordingtouniversityofficials,collegecostincreasesaresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.“TuitionincreasesatCedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear,〞saidtheuniversity’spresident,DrBillBrown.“Studenttuitionpaysfor78percentoftheuniversity’soperatingcosts.〞Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversitythatenrollsabout3,100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannualcollegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrincetonReview’s.Tuitionatprivateuniversitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovaltotheschool’sboardoftrustees〔监管〕allofastate’spublicinstitutions.JohnDurham,assistantsecretary〔董事〕________(48)ThisboardoverseestotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversity(ECU),explainsthatstatelawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservicesavailablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.DurhamsaidthatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheireducation._____(49)StateresidentsattendingECUpayaboutus$10,000fortuitionroomandboardbeforefinancialaid.Amidthenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecosts,however,thereissomegoodnews.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesinfinancialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.Toreceivefinancialaid,USstudentscompleteaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederalgovernmentthendecideswhittleranapplicantiseligible〔有资格的〕forgrantsorloans.________(50)A.Theapplicationisthensenttothestudent'suniversity,wheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoneywillbegiventothestudentandhowmuchB.Atpublicuniversities,however,tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee,sometimescalledtheboardofgovernorsC.TheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$23,410ayearfortuition.D.ManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopaythegrowingcostoffoodE.That'smorethandoubletherateofinflation.F.Thestategovernmentcoverstherest第6局部：完形填空〔第51～65题,每题1分,共15分〕下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。PaperorPlastic?TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBay,andyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir_______(51)intolocalwaterwaysand,fromthere,intothebay,wheretheycan________(52)wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills〔垃圾填埋地〕andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll〔代价〕inthe__________(53)ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethemEnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags_______(54)freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman〔市议员〕SamShoeshinehasintroducedawell-meaning_______(55)tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsupMaryland’scapital.Instead,retailerswouldberequiredto_______(56)recycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis_______(57)asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe_______(58),however,arguethatpaperbagsareharmful,too：Theycostmoretomake;they_______(59)moreres