2024届高考英语复习阅读理解专题：同义替换词素材

2024年高考英语复习专题★★高考英语阅读理解：同义替换词（1）TOC\o"1-3"\h\u同义替换Unit1 1同义替换Unit2 2同义替换Unit3 3同义替换Unit4 4在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷第33题，正确选项中用lackof替代了原文中的beshortof(缺乏)；2019年全国Ⅰ卷第29题，正确选项中用varyfrompersontoperson替代了原文中的unique(独一无二的)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。同义替换Unit1充满befullof,befilledwith,befloodedwith,becrowdedwith区分distinguish/tellAfromB亲自personally,inperson只有only,nobody/nothingbut出版comeout,bepublished尤其particularly,inparticular锻炼exercise,workout谋生make/earnaliving代表represent,standfor,(be)onbehalfof结合combine,mixsthup前进advance,moveforward舒适comfortable,atease十年decade,tenyears两周fortnight,twoweeks二十score,twenty十二dozen,twelve成人adult,grown-up删除delete,cutout下降，减少decline,come/godown,drop,fall,decrease,reduce移走remove,takeaway吸收absorb,takein与...一致agree/beconsistent/correspondwith把...分开breaksthapart,split/divide/separatesth用...替换replace...with,use...asanalternativeto...同义替换Unit2回答answer,replyto收割harvest,gather,getin抵制boycott,refusetoaccept,resist,reject与...相反/对立contradict,beoppositeto代替replace,taketheplaceof背诵recite,learn...byheart害怕fear,beafraid/scaredof退（学）quit,dropoutof(school)推迟delay,postpone,putoff去拿来fetch,goandbringback相匹配match,gowith精力充沛energetic,fullofenergy少数aminorityof,asmallnumberof打扰causetroubleto,bother,disturb描述describe,giveadescriptionof后来afterwards,afterthat,lateron缺席beabsentfrom,benotpresentat目前nowadays,atpresent,atthepresenttime宣布announce/declaresth,makesthknowntothepublic重要count,matter,beimportant,beofimportance.significant,vital,crucial担心worryabout,beconcerned/anxiousabout提到mention,referto,talkabout/of偶然地incidentally,accidentally,bychance/accident/coincidence,casually,occasionally同义替换Unit3展览onshow/display/exhibition勇敢（去做）bebraveto,havecourageto违法的illegal,notlegal,againstthelaw满足需要caterto/meet/satisfytheneed放弃abandon,goawayfrom,leave,giveup信任，信赖trust,believe,haveconfidence/faithin在农村／城市inthecountryside/city,rural/urbanareas劝某人做advisesbtodo,trytopersuadesbtodo取消cancel,calloff劝某人不要做discouragesbfromdoing,persuadesbnottodo取消除·······之外besides,aswellas,inadditionto,apartfrom制订计划makeaplan,workoutaplan,drawupaplan逃跑escape,runaway开始存在appear,comeintobeing,comeintoexistence进入enter,come/gointo防...止疾病protect...fromsickness,avoid/preventsickness用完某物runoutofsth,lacksth,sthrunout,sthbeusedup方式，方法way,solution,approach,method,means情况良好in(a)goodcondition,inagoodstate/situation置若罔闻turnadeafearto,refusetolistento高兴起来cheerup,becomehappy全世界allover/aroundtheworld,worldwide,globally,internationally重力gravity,thepulloftheearth算出calculate,figureout与·······不同differfrom,bedifferentfrom,varyfrom...to...乱七八糟inamess,indisorder气喘吁吁breathless,outofbreath做出决定determine,decide,makeadecision对······有害doharmto,beharmfulto相似，相像resemble,belike,besimilarto低语，耳语whisper,speakinalowvoice同义替换Unit4寻找，追求seek,look/search/huntfor茫然，困惑ataloss,puzzled/confused取笑，逗弄tease,makefunof,laughat,amuse提高，改善improve,make/becomebetter庆祝celebrate,holdacelebration长胖puton/gainweight,growfat熟悉know...well,befamiliarwith处理handle,settle,dealwith,copewith到处everywhere,hereandthere加速accelerate,speedup,quicken值得，应得deservesth,beworthyofsth,beworthdoingsth保证，确保ensure,guarantee,makesure/certain把某物分配给某人allocatesthtosb,dividesthamongsb一年一次的annual,yearly,everyyear可进入／接近的beaccessible,beeasytoenter/reach/use使能做某事enablesbtodo,makesbabletodo宁做A不做BdoAratherthan(doing)B,doAinsteadof(doing)B出国goabroad,gotoaforeigncountry控告accusesbofsth,chargesbwithsth成功做某事managetodosth,succeedindoingsth突然笑/哭起来burstintolaughter/tears,burstoutlaughing/crying不理，忽视ignore,overlook,paynoattentionto挨饿，饿死starve,gohungry,diefromhunger充当；起······的作用actas,serveas榜样model,example怒视glareat,lookatsthangrily平静的calm,notexcited抽象的abstract,notspecific积极的active,notpassive残酷地cruelly,withoutmercy,mercilessly复杂的complicated,notsimple,complex人造的artificial,man-made故意地deliberately,onpurpose,purposely再一次again,oncemore,onceagain,overandoveragain独自地alone,byoneself有危险indanger,atrisk占...比例accountfor,makeup青少年adolescent,teenager同义替换Unit5看医生gotosee/consultadoctor更喜欢prefersth,likesthbetter使生气annoysb,makesbangry报道此事cover/reporttheevent很多alot(of),agreatdeal(of)影响交通holdup/blocktraffic澄清，阐明clarify,makesthclear可得到的beavailable,beeasilygot吸引某人interest/attract/drawsb,appealtosb,catchsb’seye/attention无论如何anyhow,inanyway在·······后面behind,atthebackof无论什么whatever,nomatterwhat使某人高兴cheersbup,makesbhappy雇用某人employ/hiresb,takesbon受欢迎的bepopularwith,bewellreceived(by...)得出结论conclude,drawaconclusion弄明白figureout,findout试验tryout,test反对beagainst,oppose,objectto,disagreewith,disapproveof认为think/believethat,holdtheviewthat,argue/claimthat做报告giveapresentation/talk/speech辍学，退学dropoutof/leaveschool优于，胜过havetheadvantageover,havetheedgeover,bebetterthan对某人生气getangrywithsb,getcrosswithsb,beannoyedwithsb有机会使用／做haveaccesstosth,havethechanceofdoingsth对·····全然不知beinthedarkabout,knownothingabout告诉某人某事tellsbsth,informsbofsth,keepsbinformedofsth致力于apply/bend/commit/devoteoneselfto,bebent/committed/devotedto旨在做aim/beaimedatdoing,bedesigned/intendedtodo,bemeanttodosth一...就...ondoing;immediately,directly,instantly;themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant;assoonas,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when老年人oldpeople,theold,seniorcitizens,theaged,theelderly聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart同义替换Unit61.

particular

=

special

=

specific

=

unique

特别的，独有的2.

absorb

=

takein

吸收3.

settleon

=

makechoiceof

=

decideon

选定4.

advantage

=

edge

=upperhand

优势5.

accompany

=

keep

sb

company

=

gowith

陪伴，伴随6.

view

=

belief

=

opinion

=

insight

观点7.

charge=fee=fare

费用

8.

involve

...

with

=

associate

...

with

=

link

...

to

=

relate

...

to

与…有关联9.

release

=

issue

=

launch

=

convey

=

deliver

发行，发表10.

difficult

=

demanding

=

hard

=

tough

困难的11.

task

=

job

=

work

=

labour

任务，工作12.

instantly

=

rapidly

=

immediately

立即地13.

react

=

respond

反应14.

subjective

views

=

personal/individualviews

(opinions)

主观观点15.

understand

=see=follow=grasp=comprehend=takein=

figureout

理解，想出16.

assessment

=

evaluation

=

estimate

=

judgment评估，估计

17.

appear

=

surface=

come

tolight

出现18.

remain

=

keep

=

stay

=

maintain

保持19.

development

=

evolution=growth=progress

发展20.

foster

=

raise

=

bringup

培养，养育21.

overtake

=

catchup

=

sweepover

赶上，压倒22.

initial

=

original

=

premier

最初的，开始的23.

whereas

=

however

=

while

=

nevertheless

=

but

=

yet

然而，但是

24.

reduce

=

decrease

=

lessen

=

cut

减少，减小25.

postpone

=

put

off

=

delay

延期，推迟26.

crucial

=

important

=

critical

=

vital

=

necessary

=

essential

至关重要的27.

attempt

=

effort

尝试，努力

28.encourage=promote=fuel=further激发，促进同义替换Unit71.“看”：look;see;watch;observe;notice;catchsightof;stare;glare;glance;glimpse;seeafilm;watchTV2.“说”：telllsthtosb.=tellsbsth;talkwithsbaboutsth;saysth;speakinEnglish;whispersthtosb;informsbofsth;reason/talk/persuadesbintodoingsth;bargain;chat;repeat;explain;warn;remind;discuss;debate;figure;declare;claim;mention;admit;deny;describe;announce;introduce;complain3.“叫”：cry;call;shout;scream;moan;sigh;quarrel4.“问”：ask;interview;express;question5.“答”：answer;respond;reply6.“听”：listento;hear;pickup;overhear7.

“笑”：smile;laugh;burstintolaughter;burstoutlaughing8.“哭”：cry;shedtears;weep;sob;burstintotears/burstoutcrying9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink;sip;haveameal;havesupper;toast;taste;treatsbto;helponeselfto10.

“穿”：puton;wear;haveon;bedressedin;makeup;getchanged;beinred;takeoff;remove11.“行”：walk;run;climb;jump;skip;slip;come/go;enter;move;drive;ride;fly;crawl12.“坐”：sitdown;beseated;seatoneself;takeaseat，stand;lean13.“睡/休息”：lie/onone’sback/onone'sside/onone’sstomach;stayinbed;havearest;takeanap;beasleep;bend;turnover;rest14.“写”：dictate;writesth;describe;dropaline;draw;takedown/writedown15.“拿/放”：take;bring;hold;carry;fetch;lif;put;lay;pull;push16.“抓”：takeholdof;seize;grasp;scratch17.“打”：hit;beat;strike;blow;attack18.“扔”：throw;drop;fall;wave;shake19.“送”：send;deliver;give;offer;seeoff20.“摸/抱”：ouch;fold;embrace;hug;hold;inone’sarms21.“踢/碰”：kick;knock;tip22.“找/查”：find;lookfor;findout;discover/explore;huntfor;searchfor;seek,seekforinsearchof;searchsb;searchsp.forsth;check;examine;test;inspect23.“得”：get;obtain;acquire;gain;possess24.“失”：lose;belost/bemissing/gone;greatloss25.“有”：have;own;conquer;occupy；possess26.“无”：nothingleft;theremainingthing;disappear;bemissing/gone27.“增/减”：rise/goup,drop;raise;bringdown/reduce;increase/decrease28.“买/卖”：buy;purchase;afford;pay;payoff;payfor;sell;onsale;bargain;bill/cheque/cash/creditcard/notes/coins;discounts29.“存在/消失”：comeintobeing;exist;appear;survive;live;show;turnup;disappear;die;dieout;passaway;beoutofsight30.“变化”：develop;improve;become;grow;go+bad/wrong/sour;turn+colour;change/changeinto;reform31.“成功/失败”：makeit;succeed;makeprogress;cometrue;realizeone’sdream;win;lose;failtodo;defeat;sufferloss;beat;turnsth.intoreality32.“努力”：try/manage;makeefforts;attempt;doone'sbest;doasmuchasonecantodo33.祝贺：congratulatesb.onsth.;celebrate;observe;gettogether34.敬佩：admire;respect;showrespectfor/to;adore;envy;bejealousy35.赞美/批评：praise;thinkhighlyof;blamesbforsth;sbistoblame;criticize/scoldsb.forsth.;havealowopinionofsb;speakillof36.

喜/恶：like;love;befondof;bekeenon;becrazyabout;adore;beinto;prefer;enjoy;dislikehate;ignore37.到达：arriveat;reach;returnto;getto;stayinsp.;visit;leave;leavefor38.受伤：hurt;injure;wound;cut;kill;drown;bleed;getburnt;sufferfrom;sufferaloss39.损坏：damage;destroy;ruin;breakdown;crash;bebroken40.修复：repair;rebuild;restore;fix;recoveroneself41.“认识的过程”：feel;sense;guess;suppose;wonder;doubt;know/learnrealizeunderstandremember;befamiliarwith;recall;recite;applyto42.认为;判断：think;believe;consider;find;feel;conclude;infer;doubt43.想/考虑：thinkof…as...;thinkabout;consider;thinkover44.支持/反对：agree;disagree;accept;receive;r