Unit4WordsandExpressions重点单词详解课件-高中英语堂（人教版2019）（选择性）

Travelis，evenifitisthesameworld，youfindtheworldisnotthesame.旅行就是，即使是同一个世界，你们发现的却是不一样的世界。单元主题语境人与社会

1.pleasant[ˈpleznt]：adj.①令人愉快的/舒适/惬意/宜人②友好的/和蔼可亲的unpleasant

adj.令人不愉快的pleasantlyadv.愉快地，友好地

(修饰物)(修饰人)1.apleasanttrip2.pleasantclimate3.ThebeautifulsceneryinJiuzhaigouispleasant

totheeyes.4.她非常和蔼可亲，总是挂着灿烂的笑容。(非谓语作状)Sheismorethanpleasant,alwayswearingabroadsmile.愉快之旅气候宜人九寨沟的美景令人赏心悦目。bepleasanttodosth.做某事很惬意拓展：词形变换(修饰物)(修饰人)pleasev.使高兴/满意pleasedadj.高兴/满意的pleasingadj.令人高兴/满意的pleasuren.高兴/快乐

bepleasedwith=besatisfiedwith=becontentwith

对...满意bepleasedtodosth.高兴/乐于做某事withpleasurehavethepleasureofdoingsth

有荣幸做某事Itisapleasureforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是一件快乐的事pleasesb使某人满意apleasingdesign翻译：做自己喜欢的事总是令人愉快的。________________________________老师对我的进步非常满意。____________________________________________情景记忆Wilsonwas________withhis_________design,andhadthe__________ofhaving__________andhumorousconversationswithhiscolleague.pleasedpleasingpleasurepleasantIt’salwayspleasanttodowhatyoulike.Theteacherissopleasedwithmyprogress.reathe

breath

①un.呼吸②cn.吸了一口气(常用单数)breathless

adj气喘吁吁的；呼吸急促的breathtaking

adj.①激动人心/壮观的

②惊险的takeadeepbreath深呼吸takeone’sbreathaway令人惊叹短语扩展：holdone’sbreath loseone’sbreath

catchone’sbreath (be)outofbreath屏息;屏气喘不过气来喘口气;缓口气上气不接下气;喘不过气来1.Hetookadeepbreathbeforehewentunder.2,Holdyourbreathandcounttoten.3.Tiredandoutofbreath(breathless)，wereachedthetopofthemountain.4.Myfirstviewoftheislandfromtheairtookmybreathaway/wasbreathtaking/wasawesome.5.Hebreatheddeeplybeforespeakingagain.语境感知Itookadeepbreathandstartedclimbingthemountain.Iwas

outofbreathwhenIarrivedatthetopofthemountain.Butitwasworthwhilebecausethescenerytookmybreathaway.Imean，thescenerywasreallybreathtaking.我深呼吸，然后开始爬山。当我到达山顶的时候我已经喘不上气了。但这一切都值得，因为风景令人惊叹。我的意思是，风景真是令人叹为观止。用breath短语的适当形式填空。①It’samazingthathecan______________underthewaterforfiveminutes.②Ifyourunveryfast,youwill_____________________________.③Tiredand______________,wereachedthetopofthemountain.④Whenthemansawthatgirlforthefirsttime,herbeauty___________________.⑤TomakethemovementeasierItriedto________________offreshair.holdhisbreath loseyourbreath/beoutofbreath

takeadeepbreath outofbreath tookhisbreathaway3.massiveadj.

巨大的；非常严重的Seenfromthetrainwindow，themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.从火车的窗户向外看，外面是连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。amassiveamountof大量的massn.块，团；大量，众多（C）amassof＝massesof大量的；许多的themasses群众，平民百姓1.Thecoldair

(mass)aremovingfromSiberiatowardsInnerMongolia.2.Hedevotedhislifetomaintainingthepoliticalrightsof

masses.他一生致力于维护群众的政治权利。3.翻译

我们必须作出极大的努力去改善普通群众的生活水平。massestheWemustmakemassiveeffortstoimprovethelivingstandardsoftheordinarypeople.【练透】一词多义(写出下列句中加黑单词的词性和含义)①Hearingtheheavyfootstepsapproaching，Samarosefromhischairimmediately. _______②Wearedeterminedtoconqueranyproblemthatwillariseinthefuture.

________③Mostaccidentsarise

fromcarelessness. ______________4.arise(arose--arisen):vi.①起身;起床;起立②出现/产生AarisefromB

A因B产生/A由B引起arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：argument,problem,quarrel,question,movement...vi.起身vi.出现vi.由……引起arisefrom...从…上站起来=ariseoutof＝resultfrom由……引起；由……产生1.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?2.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingayearagobutruins.3.Hearosefromhisseat.4.Accidentsoftenarisefrom/outofcarelessness.原形过去式过去分词现在分词含义arise(vi.)

主要用于借喻,指“出现;发生;产生”,也有“起立;起身”的意思。arouse(vt.)

指“唤醒;激起”,后常跟抽象名词。rise(vi.)

指“升起;上升;(价格等)增长”,也可指地位升高”等。raise(vt.)

指“举起;增加(程度、价格等);提高(音量);提出;种植(农作物);养育;抚育(子女)”。arosearisenarisingarousedarousingroserisenrisingraisedraisingraisedarousedarouseone’sinterest/sympathy唤起某人的兴趣、同情心用arise/rise/arouse/raise的适当形式完成语段①______inapoorfamily,hefoundthateverythingintheoutsideworld②_______hiscuriosity.However,astimewentby,manyproblems③_____.Whenthesun④____intheeast,he⑤_________fromhisbedandbegantodealwiththem.Raisedarousedarose

rose

arose①Iarose________thechairtoanswerthedoorbell.②Weoftenmeetwithadifficulty________(arise)outofthepeculiarnaturalconditions.③YearsofexperienceindrivingmadeMr.Blackconvincedthathecoulddealwithemergencies_________(arise)atanytime补全句子Atbreak,ourteachergotdowntodealwiththematter____________________．休息时，我们的老师开始处理课堂上出现的问题。翻译：众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。fromarisingarisingAsweallknow,mostcaraccidentsariseoutof/arisefromcarelessness.arisingfromhisclassound[baʊnd]:adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会v.跳动；弹回n.跳beboundforsp.

准备前往...；开往...beboundtodosth. 一定会做某事；有义务做某事

Thisisabuswhichisboundforepidemicareas.这是一辆前往疫情区的大巴我们一定会赢得这场“战疫”！Weareboundtowinthebattle.Whetherwearehealthyisboundupwithwhatweeateveryday.beboundupwithsth. 与某事有密切关系

beboundupinsth.

忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事TheshipisboundforSouthAmerica.Thelittlegirlboundedtoherfeetandwavedherrighthandhappily.Theballboundedfromthewall.Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.Thomasisboundtorefuseourhelp.写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Whenyouaredealingwithsomanypatients,mistakesareboundtohappen._________2.WetriedtogetseatsonaRome-boundflight.___________3.Heboundedupthestepsandpushedthebellofthedoor.___________4.Herhealthhasimprovedinleapsandbounds.___________在所难免

开往罗马的

跳上迅速语境感知【学以致用】’stooboundup_____hisownworriestobeabletohelpus.2.Don’tlietoher.She’sbound_________(find)outaboutit.3.Henry’sproblemsareallboundup________hismother’sdeathwhenhewasten.4.Shewasonaplanebound_____Moscowwhenshegotsick.【写美】补全句子Solongasweholdourdreamsandnevergive

up,we____________．只要我们坚持梦想并且永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。VisitingtheSummerPalace_____________________________________thetraditionalChineseculture.游览颐和园一定会大大促进你对中国悠久传统文化的了解。intofindwithforareboundtoachievesuccessisboundtogreatlypromoteyourunderstandingof6.awesome

adj.①很好的(verygood);②令人惊叹的(veryimpressive);③令人畏惧的；可怕的(verydifficultandperhapsratherfrightening)aweUn.敬畏，惊叹；vt.使敬畏，使赞叹outstanding,excellent,great,wonderful,terrific,fantasticamazing,incredible，breathtakinganawesometaskanawesomebasketballplayeranawesomesightawesomebeauty/powerawesomeconsequences可怕的后果一项艰巨的任务一个了不起的篮球运动员惊人的景象

天仙之美/大得吓人的权力

7.peak[piːk]n. 顶峰；山峰;尖形atthepeakofatthepeakofone'scareerpeaktimepeakseasonpeakflowpeakheightsnow­cappedpeaks积雪覆盖的群峰①Hotelroomsaredifficulttofind_____________(在高峰期)theholiday.②Heclaimstohavefoundquantitiesofcreatures____________(在山顶上).③Weneedextrahelpduring______________(旺季).atthepeakofonthepeakthepeakseason在……高峰期

处在某人事业的巅峰(收听广播、收看电视的)高峰时间

旺季

洪峰；最大流量峰高8.highlight[ˈhaɪlaɪt]n.最好或最精彩的部分v.突出;强调;使醒目(1)thehighlightof..........的亮点(2)highlightv=stress=emphasizehighlighttheimportanceof...强调……的重要性这次旅行中的最精彩的一件事是参观泰姬陵。OneofthehighlightsofthetripwasseeingtheTajMahal.强调开阔眼界的重要性highlighttheimportance/significanceofbroadeninghorizons/viewsInadditiontoseeingspectacularmountainpeaksandforests,onehighlightoftheirtripwasbeingabletoseemanydifferentcreatures,includingdeer,mountaingoats,andevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.deer

mountaingoatsgrizzlybearsaneagle9.freezing①adj.

极冷的；冰冻的(extremelycold)②n.[U]冰点③adv.

极冷地(作程度副词)It’ssocold.I’mfreezing!太冷了。我要冻僵了。Itisfreezingcoldtoday.今天好冷。freezingpoint冰点above/belowfreezing在冰点以上/以下Thetemperaturetomorrowwillfallbelowfreezing(point).明天气温将降到冰点以下。freezev.结冰；冻住；冻死；(因害怕等)停住不动；惊呆freeze-froze-frozenfreezetodeath冻死freezewithhorror吓呆了sb.’sbloodfreezes某人血液凝固frozenadj.冷冻的；冻僵；结冰的；吓呆befrozenwithfear/terror/fright吓呆了afrozenface冻僵的脸蛋Iamfrozen(我快冻僵了)=Iamfreezing(cold)（我快要冻死了）quick-frozenfood

速冻食品

adj.

极冷的；冰冻的adv.

极冷地(作程度副词)1.Itisawell－knownfactthatwater__________(freeze)at0℃.2.It's__________(freeze)coldoutside,soyou'dbetterputonmoreclothes.3.Thesnakewas__________(freeze)ontheroad.4.Thewaterattheedgeofthelake________(freeze)lastnight.5.Atthesightofthefiercetiger,thevisitor________________________(被吓呆了)andcouldn'tmove.

(freeze)foodisconvenienttocook,soit'spopularinsupermarkets.freezesfreezingfrozenfrozewasfrozenwithfearfrozen学法点拨】freezingcold极冷burninghot炎热prettyill病得厉害——freezing，burning，pretty用作副词，意为“非常，颇”。10.anticipate

[ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]:vt.①预料/预期；期待anticipation；期待

近义词:expect

anticipatedoingsth

预料做......antcipate+that从句预料Itisanticipatedthat据预料……asanticipated

正如预期，不出所料inanticipation(of)预料，预计；期待语境探究Ianticipatecooperatingwithhim.Itisanticipatedthatsaleswillrisenextyear.Iwasleadingaquietandordinarylifeinanticipationofthegrowthofmyonlyson.seeingPeopleanticipatethatItisanticipatedthatHavinganticipatedanticipationisanticipatedabunchofflowers

abunchofwork

一大堆工作abunchofgrapes

ch[bʌntʃ]:n.束;串;捆

abunchof 一束;一串;一群/大量abunchofpeopleaclap/crash/rollofthunder一声霹雳；一声巨雷；雷声隆隆Theaudiencerespondedwith____________applause.

Heavytruckskept

thunderingpast.重型卡车不断地隆隆驶过。12.thunder[ˈθʌndə(r)]:un.①雷声②轰隆声vi.①打雷②轰隆隆地响③轰隆隆地快速移动

thunderousthunderandlightning(闪电)thunderous13.craft

n.①手艺/工艺/技艺(常用单数)

②手工艺品craftsmann.手艺人/工匠Thecraftsmanismaking_____.craftsCraftsmanSpiritcraftcraftsman匠人精神

anantiquebottle

anantiquemirror

anantiquebowl

TheblueandwhitechinacandatebacktoYuanDynasty.Itisana________.14.antique/æn'ti:k/

cn.①古物

②古董

adj.①古老的②古董的antique14.frost[frɔːst]:cn.①霜/霜冻②严寒天气;

vt.使蒙上霜/结霜frostyadj.①霜冻的②严寒的Alotofcropsweredamagedbythef____.rostforestn.森林

形容词后缀-y形容词后缀-y可加在名词后构成形容词，意为“充满……的(fullof)”或“有……特质的（characterisedby）”。dirt（污垢）+-y→dirtyadj

mist（薄雾）+-y→mistyadj

frost（霜）+-y→frostyadj

trick（诡计；花招）+-y→trickyadjsport（运动）+-y→sportyadj

smell（气味）+-y→smellyadjsteel（钢）+-y→steelyadjskin（皮肤）+-y→skinnyadjboss（老板）+-y→bossyadj

stick（棍/条状物）+-y→stickyadj

脏的多雾的结霜的/严寒的棘手的/难对付的爱好（或擅长）体育运动的/（衣服）适合运动时穿着的有臭味的/发臭的钢铁般的/坚定的极瘦的/皮包骨的（像老板一样）爱指挥人的黏的5.contraryadj.相反的n.相反的事实(或事情)contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的contradictv.反驳；驳斥；与……抵触；与……矛盾contradictionn.矛盾；不一致；反驳；驳斥contraryto相反的；相对立的onthecontrary相反地；正相反，恰恰相反tothecontrary相反的；与此相反的(修饰名词,后置定语)1.Contrary

toexpectation,hedidn’twininthecontest.2.Youthinkyouareclever;on

the

contrary,Iassurethatyouareveryfoolish.

3.Unexpectedly,twocontraryviewscameupatthemeeting.4.Thecontraryof“wet”is“dry”.Alicedidn'tgiveupherdream.Onthecontrary,sheovercamethedifficultyandmadeit.【练透】单句语法填空P100①—Itmusthavebeenterrible.—___thecontrary,Ienjoyedeveryminute.②UnlessIheardanything___thecontrary,Ishallassumethemeetingwillbeheldontime.Hecontinuedtodrinkdespitemedicaladvice_____thecontrary.②Contrary______hisexpectation,hefoundtheatmosphereexciting.③I'mnotill._______thecontrary,I'mveryhealthy.【写美】补全句子③______________________________,studentsincollegemayhavealotoffreetimebetweenclasses.与高中生相反的是，大学生在课间有很多自由时间。OntoContrarytohighschoolstudentstotoOn5.proceedvi.行进;继续做1.We’renotsurewhetherwestillwanttoproceed

withthesale.2.PassengersforRomeshouldproceed

toGate32forboarding.3.Themarchersproceededslowlyalongthestreet.4.Heoutlinedhisplansandthenproceededtoexplaintheminmoredetails.proceedwithsth.继续某事proceedtodosth.继而做某事proceedtothenextpoint进入下一个论点proceedtoanMA攻读文科硕士学位proceedtoexplainitindetails接着详细地解释它proceedtosp去往某地proceedtoParis去往巴黎①Travispausedtorefertohisnotes,andthenproceeded________hisdemonstration.②Patricksaidhelikedmywork,butthenproceeded________(tell)meeverythingwaswrongwithit.③PassengersforMiamishouldproceed________Gate25.withtotellto7.astonishvt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊beastonishedat/bysth因/对某事感到惊讶beastonishedtodosth对做某事感到惊讶toone’sastonishment使某人惊奇的是inastonishment吃惊地Itastonishessbthat...令某人惊讶的是……（whatastonishedsbis……）astonishingadj.令人惊讶的astonishedadj.感到惊讶的astonishmentn.惊讶①Thenews________(astonish)everyonepresentatthemeeting.②Hearingthenews,helooked________(astonish).③Toour__________(astonish),heran1，000metresinsuchan________(astonish)speed.④Toourgreat___________,thebosswasn’t___________atthe___________newsatall.⑤Afterhearingthebadnewsthatshedidn'tpasstheexam,shestaredatme_____astonishment.⑥Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.【写美】一句多译③使我特别惊讶的是，她仍然记得我的名字。→_____________________,shestillrememberedmyname.(astonishment)→___________________shestillrememberedmyname.(astonish；主语从句)astonishedastonishedastonishmentastonishingastonishmentastonishingastonishedTomyastonishmentWhatastonishedmewasthattofindinowe

vt.欠(账、债、情等)owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.

欠某人某物oweittooneselftodosth.(认为)自己应该做某事

vt.归功于，归因于owesth.to...把……归功于某人oweittosbthat...

把……归功于某人owingto

因为;由于1.Heowedhissuccesstoteamwork.2.

Iowe

it

to

you

thatIhavebeensosuccessful.3.Owing

totherain,thematchwascancelled.owe

[əʊ]:vt.欠(账、债、情等);→应该做；把...归功于①owesbsth=owesthtosb欠某人某物②oweittosb.todosth.应该为某人做某事③owesthtosb把某物归功于某人④oweittosb.that从句

把…归功于某人⑤owingadj.未付的；欠着的owingto=becauseof

因为；由于owingto因为，由于表示“因为；由于”的词汇有：owingto;becauseof;dueto;asaresult/consequenceof等。1.Ioweadebtofgratitudetoallmyfamily.2.Iowe

it

to

you

thatIhavebeensosuccessful.3.Owing

totherain,thematchwascancelled.4.Ithinkyouoweusanexplanation.5.Heowedhissuccesstoteamwork.6.HowgratefulIamthatyoustoppedtosavemeandIoweittoyouthatI'mstillalive.quick-frozenfood速冻食品1.Youowemeafavour.=Youoweafavour_____me.2.Youoweittoyoursupporterstostraightenupnow.3.Heoweshisgoodhealthtohisregularlife.4.Weowe______totheChineseCommunist

Partythatwecanliveagoodlife.5._______________________(由于下了大雨),

thematchwascancelled.to

itOwingtotheheavyrain①Heowesmeanexplanation.Heowes____________________．②You_______________(应该)totakesomerestnow.③__________(由于)atightbudget,theprojectwillnotproceednextyear.anexplanationtomeoweittoyourselfOwingto①Heoweswhathehastoday___thereform.②______

(own)tohisabsence,wehadtoputofftheclassmeetingtillnextweek.【写美】补全句子③Thanksforstickingupforme,I_____________．谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。toOwingoweyouafavour单句语法填空①Atlasthepaidoffandheowedhissuccess________thesupportofhisfamilyandfriends.②Iowe______toyouthatwehavemadesuchagreatbreakthrough.③Owing____thebadweather,wedidn'tgotothezoo.toit

to11.inaddition:除此之外additionn.增添，添加

(介词短语做副词，单独作状语)

inadditionto+名词/代词/动名词【拓展】add短语

add...to...往……加入……

addto增加，加强

addup加起来

addupto

总共有，（总起来看）说明【语境应用】完成句子。1)Thismusic_________ourpleasureandmakesusrelaxed.2)DoyoubelievethatLincoln’seducation__________nomorethanoneyear?3)Please______sugarandmilk______yourcoffee.Theywillmakeitmoredelicious.

4)除此之外，他还得付十美元。

Hehadtopay10dollarsinaddition.5)除了薪水之外，他还有五千美元的收入。

Hereceives5,000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.addstoaddeduptoaddtoscenery[ˈsiːnəri]n.风景；景色enjoy/admirethescenery欣赏风景beautiful/fantastic/magnificentscenery美丽的/绚丽的/壮丽的景色Thefantasticscenery

wasconsistentwith

一致的ourdescription,makingthetripworthwhile.scenery/scene/view/sight①Nowadaysthepriorityfortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodand________．②ThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholiday________．③The________fromthetopofthetowerwasexceptional.④Sunsetisabeautiful________．sceneryscenesviewsightscene,scenery,sight,viewscene事发地点，戏剧等的一场，场面battle

scenes

the

openingscenescenery不可数名词，指某一地区的总的整体自然风景They

stopped

at

the

top

of

the

hill

to

admire

the

scenery.sight视力；风景名胜，常用复数形式，多指人文景观The

Great

Wall

is

one

of

the

sights

of

the

world.view指从某个角度，尤指从高处或远处看到的景色The

view

from

the

top

of

the

mountain

is

breathtaking.Thefantasticscenery

wasconsistentwith

一致的ourdescription,makingthetripworthwhile.scenery/scene/view/sight①Nowadaysthepriorityfortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodand________．②ThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholiday________．③The________fromthetopofthetowerwasexceptional.④Sunsetisabeautiful________．sceneryscenesviewsight【语境应用】完成句子。1)get/haveagood______ofthecity2)in/outof_____视力范围内/看不见的范围3)seethe______参观名胜4)onthe______在现场5)Thereisahappy______withchildrenplayinginthepark.6)Switzerlandisfamousforitswatch-makingandbeautiful______.viewsightsightsscenesceneryscene11.advertisementn.广告;启事【词汇拓展】advertisevt.&vi.为……做广告;做广告advertisern.广告商;广告人员1.Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,tryadvertisinginthelocalpaper.2.Anewmedicinewasadvertisedinthenewspaper.3.Largeamountsofmoneyarespentonadvertisementseveryyear.1.enrolvi.&vt.(使)加入;注册;登记enrolmentn.登记，注册，入伍，入会，入学enrolinsth.注册……；参加……enrolinacourse注册学习一门课程enrolsb.as...招收某人为……①ThescenemademerecallthetimewhenI________(enrol)inauniversity.②Ittookustwodays________(enrol)thenewparticipants.③Theywereenrolled________newsoldiersinschool.enrolledtoenrolas2.typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的betypicalof是……的特点typicallyadv.典型地；通常eg.It’satypicalItaliancafé.Itwastypicalofhertoforget.Typically,adoctorwillseeaboutthirtypatientsaday.8.literally[ˈlɪtərəli]:adv.①字面上②真正地literal/ˈlɪtərəl/:

literary

/ˈlɪtərəri/:adj.文学的；书面的literature/ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/:un.文学,文学作品Itook(理解)whatshesaidliterally,butafterwardsIknewwhatshereallymeant.literallyspeaking照字义来说，不夸