普通高校专升本英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷27(题后含答案及解析)

普通高校专升本英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷27(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Manypeoplehopethatthewholeworldwillonedayspeakacommonlanguage.Overtheyears,peoplehavemadeupnewlanguageswiththisaim.Atleastsixhundredlanguageshavebeendevelopedinthesearchforalanguagewhichallhumanbeingswouldbeabletospeak.Themostfamousone,Esperanto(世界语),wastheideaofLudwigZamenhof,adoctorinWarsaw.Hepublishedabookabouthisnewlanguagein1887.ToencouragepeopletolearntheLanguage,hemadeitassimpleaspossible.Esperantohasneverbeenacceptedasanofficialworldlanguage,butithasbeensuggestedasanauxiliarylanguage.By1950ithadbeentaughttooneandahalfmillionspeakers,anditwasspokeninsixhundredschools.TodayEsperantoisspokenbyabouteightmillionpeople,andmorethanonehundrednewspapersandmagazinesinthelanguagearepublishedregularlythroughouttheworld.ThousandsofbookshavebeenwritteninEsperanto,includingthosetranslatedfromotherlanguages.TodaytheneedforanewauxiliarylanguagelikeEsperantoseemslessobvious.ThroughoutthiscenturyEnglishhasgrownmoreandmoreimportant.Ithasbecomeasecondlanguageformanymillionsofpeople.ThefactthatmorearelearningEnglishshowsthattheuseofEnglishisstillgrowingworldwide.Noonewoulddenytheusefulnessofaworldlanguage,butnotmanypeoplethinkthatEsperantoislikelytoplaysucharole.1．Overtheyears,peoplehavemadeupnewlanguagesinthehopethat______.A．allpeoplewillbeabletospeakacommonlanguageB．peoplewilllearnaforeignlanguagebetterC．peoplecanunderstandeachotherbetterD．peoplewillbeabletospeakseverallanguages正确答案：A解析：推理题。本题为指代题，属于推理题的一种。寻找指代题答案的关键在于理清考查点所在句与前后句之间的逻辑关系。本题难度不大，考生可以轻松定位到文章首段第一、二句，由thisaim可知答案出处在第一句，因此答案为A)。2．Zamenhofmadethelanguageassimpleaspossiblebecause______.A．hewantedpeopletolearnitquicklyB．hehopedmoreandmorepeoplewouldbewillingtolearnitC．hewantedeveryonetospeakitwithoutanydifficultyD．hehopeditwouldbeacceptedasanofficialworldlanguage正确答案：B解析：细节题。本题为原因细节题。这种题目利用because之前的文字，很容易定位答案的出处。同时，根据“原因、目的、结果三位一体”的原则，可以判断答案来自于文章第二段的目的状语ToencouragepeopletolearntheLanguage，对其进行改写，则答案为B)。考试中，考生误选A)、C)两个选项的很多，主要是没有严格遵循解题规律所致，希望大家能够注意。3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofEnglish?A．Itiswidelytaughtinschools.B．Ithasbecomeasecondlanguageformanymillionsofpeople.C．ManybookshavebeenwritteninEnglish.D．ItislesspopularthanEsperanto.正确答案：D解析：细节题。本题为细节排除题，答案来自于文章尾段。由本段第一、二句可以得出English比Esperanto重要，答案D)违背原文意思，因此为答案项。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Thelanguagemadebyoneman.B．Atalkabouttheworldlanguage.C．Englishasasecondlanguageforeveryone.D．Esperanto—abetterlanguagethanEnglish.正确答案：B解析：主旨题。本题考查文章的最佳题目，是主旨题的一种，其答案应该具有极强的总结性、概括性。根据文章首句，可知本文话题和世界性语言相关；根据文章末句可知，作者认为Esperanto不大可能成为世界性语言，因此最佳标题应为B)。A)、D)两个选项容易误选，考生需要牢记主旨题答案不可能是文章中的具体事例。AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtollcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren’trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprintsforimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake’svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewsmartstructurescouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquake.5．OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowwasthat______.A．newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildingsB．itoccurredintheresidentialareasratherthanonthehighwaysC．largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholidayD．improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways正确答案：D解析：细节题。本题属于原因细节题。原因题的答案可以利用题干信息确定大体位置，然后利用“原因、目的、结果三位一体”的原则，寻找信号词。本题答案定位在第三段首句，题于中的lossoflives和comparativelylow与原文中的Injuriesanddeaths和relativelyless对应，因此答案应该在because之后。又由于下旬的信号词inaddition表明上下两句密切相关，因此，答案来自于本段第二句，对其压缩改写得出答案为D)。6．Thefunctionofthecomputermentionedinthepassageisto______.A．counterbalanceanearthquake’sactiononthebuildingB．predictthecomingofanearthquakewithaccuracyC．helpstrengthenthefoundationofthebuildingD．measuretheimpactofanearthquake’svibrations正确答案：A解析：推理题。本题根据computer一词，可将答案定位于第五段末句。答题难点在于能否判断答案中counterbalance一词的含义。“counter-”作为前缀，其含义为“相反”，因此counterbalance一词意思应为“抵消，使平衡”。7．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakesattentionshouldbefocusedon______.A．theincreasinguseofrubberandsteelincapitalconstructionB．thedevelopmentofflexiblebuildingmaterialsC．thereductionoftheimpactofgroundvibrationsD．earlyforecastsofearthquakes正确答案：C解析：推理题。本题难度较大。考生可根据题干中的inferred一词判断本题为推理题，然后利用“推理的最终方向指向文章主题”的原则，判断答案应为文中介绍的新型建筑的特点，因此可将答案定位于第五段第三句中的Themostrecentdesigns，答案为第四句中的respond…toanearthquake’svibrations，该句与第二句中的reducetheimpactofgroundvibrations为同义复现，因此两处均可改写为答案。A)、B)两项为过去的做法，而且添加了increasinguse，development等额外信息，为强干扰项，大家注意体会甄别。D)项文中未提及，因此亦为干扰项。8．Themainpurposeofthispassageismostlyto______.A．comparetheconsequencesoftheearthquakesthatoccurredintheUSB．encouragecivilengineerstomakeextensiveuseofcomputersC．outlinethehistoryofthedevelopmentofquake-resistantbuildingmaterialsD．reportnewdevelopmentsinconstructingquake-resistantbuildings正确答案：D解析：主旨题。文章前三段介绍洛杉矶1994年的地震造成伤亡较小，第四段用Despite一词引出新信息，表明专家们正在设计更加抗震的建筑。随后两段对这种新型建筑进行更加详细的介绍。因此，文章主题句应为第四段第一、二句，由此可以推出答案为D)。在实际考试中，考生可以利用第四段中的Despite，should及第六段中的However等词，轻松判断出文章主题。A)Thedesiretokeeptherespectofagoodnamepropelledmetobecomethefirstinourfamilytogotocollege.B)ShieldingchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailedisanythingbutbeneficialtotheirdevelopmentC)Wemustwakenpeopletotheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.Oritwillbetoolate.D)Tostartwith,itisnotonlymoneythatheworkssohardfor.Heiscommittedtoeducatingtheyoungandtriestomotivatethemtogetaheadinlife.9．首先，他如此努力工作并非只是为了钱，他一心为了教育青年人并设法激励他们在各面取得进步。A．B．C．D．正确答案：D10．要保持好名声所赢得的那份尊重，这一渴求促使我成为全家第一个上大学的人。A．B．C．D．正确答案：A11．我们必须唤醒人们认识到环境保护的重要性。否则，就为时太晚了。A．B．C．D．正确答案：C12．庇护孩子不让他们知道自己已经失败对于他们的成长是绝对无益的。A．B．C．D．正确答案：BA)Theonlythingneighborshaveincommontobeginwithisproximity,andunlesssomethingmoredevelops,thatisn’treasonenoughtobebestfriends.B)AsIlookback,it’sclearthathehaddeliberatelykeptallofthathiddenfromustoavoidspoilingourfuaC)Thoughgratefulforthegentleemployment,hedidn’treallyseewhohadagiftforwritingshouldnecessarilybeabletoteach.D)Forashyman,hisgregariousgenerosityofspiritwasremarkable.13．现在回想起来，他是故意不让我们知道，免得扫了大家的兴。A．B．C．D．正确答案：B14．尽管他对拥有这份体面的工作心存感激，但是他并不真正认为具有写作天才的人一定能够教书。A．B．C．D．正确答案：C15．对于一个腼腆的人而言，他爱交际的慷慨精神尤其难能可贵。A．B．C．D．正确答案：D16．一开始，邻居们唯一的公共点就是住得近，只有进一步发展关系，才有足够的理由成为最好的朋友。A．B．C．D．正确答案：AHaveyoueverseenamovieinwhichabuildingwasburneddownorabridgewasdestroyed?Haveyouseenfilmsinwhichatraincrashedorashipsankintotheocean?Ifso,youmayhavewonderedhowthesethingscouldhappenwithoutharmingthepeopleinthefilm.Themanwhoknowstheansweristhe“special-effects”man.Hehasoneofthemostimportantjobsinthefilmindustry.Hemaybeorderedtocreateafloodortomakeabattlefieldexplode.Buthemayalsobeaskedtocreateaspecialeffectwhichismuchlessexciting,thoughjustasimportanttothesuccessofthefilm.Inasceneforonemovie,therewasabigglassbowlfilledwithwaterinwhichsmallfishwereswimming.Thedirectorofthemoviewantedthefishtostopswimmingsuddenlywhiletheyseemedtostareatanactor.Thenthedirectorwantedthefishtostopstaringandswimaway.Butfishcannotbeorderedtodoanything.Itwasquiteaproblem.Thespecial-effectsmanthoughtaboutthisproblemforalongtime.Theresultwasanideaforcontrollingthefishwithaharmlessuseofelectricity.First,heappliedelectricitytothefishbowl,causingthefishtobeabsolutelystill.Thenherapidlyreducedtheamountofelectricity,allowingthefishtoswimaway.Thus,hegotthehumorouseffectthatthedirectorwanted.Asinotherpartsofmoviemaking,therearethosewhohavedevelopedparticularskillsincreatingcertainkindsofeffects.Forfires,thespecial-effectsmandoesnottrustthenormalburingprocessofwoodorothermaterials.Hedoesnothavetimetowaituntillargeflamesappear.Usuallyheplacesmetalpipesintheareathatistobeburned.Gasflowingthroughthepipesburnsinstantlybutcanbekeptundercontroleasilybyopeningorclosingthepipes.Allthisrequirestraining,skillandexperience.Italsoaddsagreatdealtotheexpenseofproducingthefilm.Ithelpsexplainwhysomanymoviesareveryexpensivetomake.17．Allthefollowingscenesareprobablytheresultsofspecialeffectsinfilmsexceptthat______.A．abridgewasdestroyedB．abuildingwasburneddownC．apersonwonderedhownottoharmpeopleD．ashipsankintotheocean正确答案：C解析：定位于第一段，很明显可以看出A、B、D项对应的场景，C项是看电影的人的描述，并不属于特殊效果。18．Thejobofaspecial-effectsmanis______.A．mostimportantB．alwaysexcitingC．lessimportantD．veryrewarding正确答案：A解析：定位于第二段第二句话，很容易得出答案为选项A，B、C、D三项描述都不准确。19．Thespecial-effectsmanusedelectricitytocontrolthefishinabowlbecause______.A．thefishcannotswimandstopfreelyB．thefishcannotstareattheactorC．thefishcannotstaystillD．thefishcannotbeorderedtodoanything正确答案：D解析：定位于文章第三段中间部分“Butfishcannotbeorderedtodoanything”，所以要想达到预想的效果，只能用电来控制。20．Thespecial-effectsmancreatestheeffectsoffireby______.A．burningwoodorothermaterialsB．burningmetalpipesC．openingandclosinggaspipesD．waitingforlargeflames正确答案：C解析：定位于文章第四段，煤气通过气管来燃烧，所以最简单的控制方法就是打开或者关闭气管，故答案为C。21．Thepassageismainlyabout______.A．theimportanceofaspecial-effectsmanB．thewaytomakespecialeffectsC．theexpenseofspecialeffectsD．theneedsofspecialeffects正确答案：B解析：这篇文章主要讲述的内容就是特效是如何制作出来的，花费、重要性和需要都不符合，故答案为B。Beforeanewairlinergoesintoservice,everypartofitistestedagainandagain.Buttherearetwoteststhataremoreimportantthanalltheothers.Oneofthemisverystrangeandtheotherisverydangerous.Thefirstoftheseiscalledthe”tanktest”.Amodernairlinermustflyatveryhighaltitudes.Airmustbepumpedintotheplanesothatthepassengerscanbreathe.Themetalstructureoftheplanehastobeverystrongforthisreason.Whentheplaneisfilledwithair,or”pressured”,theairpressesagainsttheskinoftheplaneinside.Thepressureonasmallwindow,forexample,islikeahuge,giantfootthatistryingtogetout.Ifasmallpartoftheplaneweretocrack,theplanewouldexplodeinthesky.ThisiswhathappenedtothefirstComets.Inordertotestthestructureoftheplane,itisloweredintoahugetankofwater.Thenitisfilledwithair.Thepressureinsidetheplaneisgreaterthaniteverwillbewhenitisintheair.Finally,thereisanexplosion.Thisdoesnotcausesomuchdamageinsidethewatertankasitwouldanywhereelse.Engineerscandiscoverwhichpartoftheplanehascracked.Thispartismadestronger.Themostdangeroustesthappenswhenthenewplaneisgoingthroughtestflightintheair.Thetestpilotmustfindoutexactlywhathappenswhenalltheenginesareshutoffatonce.Hetakestheplaneupveryhigh.Thenheshutstheenginesoff.Theplanebeginstofalllikeastone.Itisthepilot’sjobtofindouthowhecangetcontroloftheplaneagain.Thesetwotestsareexamplesofhowplanesaremadesafebeforetheyevercarrypassengers.22．Thepurposeofthe“tanktest”istofindout______.A．howmuchairpassengersneedtobreatheatcertainaltitudesB．howmuchaircanbepumpedintotheplaneC．whatwouldhappenifthepla