青岛大学考研真题-英语综合

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。PAGE第页/共页青岛大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：808科目名称：英语综合（共5页）请考生写明题号，将答案所有答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PartOneLinguistics(50points)I.Thereare10statements/questionsbelow.Indicatetherightchoiceineachofthembywritingthecorrespondingletter(A,B,CorD)inthegivenspace.(10points)1.TheprincipalrepresentativeofAmericandescriptivelinguisticsis______.A.

M.A.K.Halliday

B.F.SaussureC.N.Chomsky

D.L.Bloomfield

2.Thefunctionofthesentence“Ideclarethe2008BeijingOlympicsopen”is_______. A.informativeB.phaticC.performativeD.interpersonal3.Thefoursounds/z/,/v/,/h/and/f/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e.theyareall.A.fricativesB.affricatesC.labiodentalsD.alveolars4.WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectdescriptionoftheEnglishsound/b/?_____.A.voiceless,bilabial,stop B.voiced,bilabial,stopC.voiceless,alveolar,stop D.voiced,alveolar,stop5.Themorphemesindicatingnegationsuchasnon-,un-,a-,in-,and-ilaresaidtobethedifferentformsofthesame_______. A.phoneme

B.lexemeC.

sememe

D.word6.Theimmediateconstituentanalysiscanshowthenatureofagrammaticalconstructionsuchasaphraseorclause.A.hierarchicalB.linearC.horizontalD.vertical7.“CanIborrowyourcar?”“Youhaveacar.” A.entailsB.issynonymouswithC.agreeswithD.presupposes8.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof_________.

X:WhereisTom?Y:He’sgonetothecinemawithhisgirlfriend.Hesaidsowhenheleft. A.quality

B.quantity

C.relation

D.manner9.____referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.

A.Linguafranca

B.Creole

C.Pidgin

D.Standardlanguage10.AfocalpointofSLAresearchhasbeenthenatureanddevelopmentofL2learners’___.A.secondlanguage

B.firstlanguage

C.foreignlanguage

D.interlanguageII.Thereare10itemsregardingknowledgeandcomprehensionoflanguagephenomena.Giveabriefanswerasspecificallyrequiredbyeachone.(10points)1.Definethefollowingtwotermsbriefly:1)phonetics2)phonology2.Itisoftenthecasethatlearnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgein learning/acquiringasecondlanguage.Thisphenomenonisknownaslanguage________.3.Givetherighttermsforthegrammaticalmeaningsthatarerealizedbytheadditionofinflectionalaffixesinthefollowingwords:1)purify→purifies2)teacher→teacher’s4.Indicatethekindsofwordformationandthepartsofspeechinthefollowingexamples:1)friend+ly→friendly2)brain+wash→brainwash5.Indicatethetypesoflexicalchangesthroughwhichthefollowingwordscameintobeingbygivingtherightterm:1)SARS2)tec3)modem4)enthuse6.Thefollowingsentencescanbeusedformeaningsorpurposesotherthantheirconventional(grammatical)functions.Listtwounconventionalmeaningsorpurposesforeachofthem.1)Ican’tstudyundernoisycircumstances.2)It’sstuffyinthisroom.7.Underlineendocentricconstructionsfromthefollowingexpressionsinstructuralistterms.1)veryimportantissues2)Itdepends3)behindthedoor4)JohnandMary8.Eachofthefollowinggroupsexemplifiesonecommongrammaticalcategory(case,gender,number,concord).Givetherightcategorythatcharacterizeseachgroup:1)he,she;lion,lioness2)Healwaysperformshisdutywell.Theyalwaysperformtheirdutywell.3)we,her,them,your,Smith’s9.IntheReferentialTheoryproposedbyOgdenandRichards,therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoismediatedby__________.10.Thefollowingwordsareconsideredinstancesofsexistlanguage.Findalternativestothesemasculine-markedwords1)chairman 2)statesman3)forefather4)mankindIII.AnswerONEofthetwoessayquestionsbelowwithatleast300words.(30points)1.Therecursivenatureoflanguageprovidesatheoreticalbasisforthecreativityoflanguage.Commentonthisargumentwithsupportiveexamplesofatleastthreedifferentkinds.2.‘Meaning’isthefocusofstudyinbothsemanticsandpragmatics.Discussthedifferencesintheinterpretationofmeaningbetweenthetwobranchesoflinguisticsusingexamplestosupportyourargumentation.PartTwoTranslation(50points)I.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(25points)你看见笋的成长吗？你看见过被压在瓦砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？它为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面的石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必然要曲蜿蜒折地、但是顽强不屈地透到地面上来，它的根往土壤钻，它的芽往地面挺，这是一种不可抗的力，阻止它的石块，结果也被它掀翻，一粒种子的能力的大，如此如此。没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的能力之大，确实是世界无比。这种力，是普通人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻止，因为它是一种“持久抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。II.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(25points)Hemingwayoncewrotethatcourageisgraceunderpressure.ButIwouldratherthinkwiththe18th-centuryItaliandramatist,VittorioAlfieri（维多利奥·阿尔菲利）,that“oftenthetestofcourageisnottodiebuttolive.”Forlivingwithcancerengendersmorethanpressure;itbegetsterror.Tolivewithis,tofaceuptoitthat’scourage.Hopeisoureffective“drug”intreatingcancer.Thereisalmostnocancer(atanystage)thatcannotbetreated.Byinstillinghopeinapatient,wecanhelpdevelopapositive,combativeattitudetohisdisease.Illogical,unproven?Perhaps.Butmanydoctorsbelievethatthismustbecomeapartofcancertherapyifthetherapyistobeeffective.Ihavehadthejoyoftwobeautifulandwonderfulwives,thehappinessofparenthoodandtheloveofeightchildren.Myworkwasconstantlychallengingandfulfilling.Ihavealwayslovedmusicandbooks,balletandthetheater.Iwasaddictedtofitness,tennisgolf,huntingandfishing.Goodfoodandwinegracedmytable.Myhomewasawarmandhappyplace.ButwhenIbecameawareofmyimminentmortality,myattitudeschanged.Therewasrealmeaningtothewords,“Thisisthefirstdayoftherestofyourlife.”Therewasaheightenedawarenessofeachsunnyday,thebeautyofflowers,thesongofabird.Howoftendowereflectonthejoyofbreathingeasily,ofswallowingwithouteffortanddiscomfort,ofwalkingwithoutpain,ofacompleteandpeacefulnight’ssleep?PartThreeCulture(50points)I.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)(5points)1.Today,theUnitedStateshastwomajorpoliticalparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,formedbefore1800.TheotheristheRepublicanParty,formedinthe1850s,bypeopleinthestatesoftheNorthandWest._______2.InAmerica,scientificandeconomicadvanceandrisingmaterialprogresshavebeenaccompaniedbyadeclineinareligiousobservance.______3.RipVanWincklewasacharactercreatedbyJamesFenimoreCooper._______4.ScotlandwasneverconqueredbytheRomans._________5.BeowolfwasaseamonsterkilledbyaSwedishwarrior.______II.Choosetheanswerthatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion(15points)1.WhichofthefollowingbooksiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer?A.TheCanterburyTalesB.Beowulf C.KingLear D.MorteD’Arthur2.WhichliteraryformflourishedinElizabethanagemorethananyotherformofliterature? A.Novel B.Essay C.Drama D.Poetry3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfootballinBritain? A.MillionsofpeopleattendtheFAgameseachseason. B.“Footballhooligans”sometimeshaveviolentclashes. C.ItwasinventedbytheScottishpeople. D.Itwasoncedescribedas“beastly”violent.4.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbefoundinLondon? A.Teahouse B.ArtgalleriesC.Museums D.Theatres5.Intheaerospaceindustry,whichtwocountriesareaheadofBritain? A.TheUSandGermany B.TheUSandRussia C.GermanyandRussia D.FranceandRussia6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthepresidentintheUS?A.ThepresidentcanvoteanybillpassedbyCongress.B.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudgeswhenvacanciesoccu