课件篇范文作文

"Thereputationofanyonewhoissubjectedtomediascrutinywilleventuallybe[SampleTheintensityoftoday'smediacoveragehasbeengreatlymagnifiedbythesheernumberandtypesofmediaoutletsthatareavailabletoday.Intensecompetitionforthemostrevealingphotographsandthelatestinformationonasubjecthasturnedevenminormediaeventsintoso-called"mediafrenzies".Reportersareforcedbythenatureofthecompetitiontopryeverdeeperforanangleonastorythatnooneelsehasbeenabletouncover.Withthistypeofmediacoverage,itdoesbecomemoreandmorelikelythatanyonewhoissubjectedtoitwillhavehisorherreputationtarnished,asnoindividualisperfect.Everyonemakesmistakes.Theadvancesintechnologyhavemademuchinformationeasilyandinstantaneouslyavailable.Technologyhasalsomadeiteasiertodigfurtherthaneverbeforeintoaperson'spast,increasingthepossibilitythatthesubject'sreputationmaybeTheabovestatementismuchtoobroad,however."Anyone"coversallpeopleallovertheworld.Therearepeoplewhosereputationshaveonlybeenenhancedbymediascrutiny.Therearealsopeoplewhosereputationswerealreadysopoorthatmediascrutinycouldnotpossiblydiminishitanyfurther.Theremayverywellbepeoplethathavedonenothingwronginthepast,atleastthatcanbediscoveredbythemedia,whosereputationscouldnotbediminishedbymediascrutiny.Tobroadlystatethat"anyone"subjectedtomediacoveragewillhavehisorherstatussulliedimpliesthateveryone'sreputationworldwideissusceptibletodamageunderanytypeofmediascrutiny.Whataboutchildren,particularlynewbornchildren?WhataboutthosepeoplewhosepastisentirelyAnotherproblemwithsuchabroadstatementisthatitdoesnotdefinetheparticularlevelofmediascrutiny.Certainlytherearedifferentlevelsofmediacoverage.Doesmerelythementionofone'snameinanewspaperconstitutemediascrutiny?Whataboutthecoverageofasingleeventinsomeone'slife,forexampleaweddingorthebirthofababy?Isthemediacoverageoftheheroicdeathofafirefighterorpoliceofficerinthelineofdutyevergoingtodiminishthatperson'sreputation?Itseemshighlyunlikelythatintheseexamples,althoughthesepeoplemayhavebeensubjectedtomediascrutiny,theseindividual'sreputationsareundamagedandpotentiallyenhancedbysuchWithoutadoubt,therearemanyexamplesofindividual'swhosereputationshavebeendiminishedbymediascrutiny.Themedia'suncoveringofformerU.S.PresidentBillClinton'saffairwithMonicaLewinskywillmostlikelyovershadowtheentireeightyearsofhisadministration.BasketballsuperstarMichaelJordan'ssterlingreputationhasbeentarnishedmorethanoncebythemedia;firstbymediacoverageofhisgamblinghabits,thenmostrecently(andinamuchmoreharmfulmanner)bynewsreportsofhismaritalinfidelitiesandthedivorcefromhiswifeofthirteenyears.Fameandfortunecanturnanordinaryindividualintoamediatargetwherereporterswillstopatalmostnothingto"digupdirt"thatwillsellmorenewspapersorenticemoreviewerstowatchatelevisionprogram.ItcouldevenbearguedthatmediascrutinykilledPrincessDianaashercarspedawayfromtheprivacy-invadingcamerasofreportersinParis.ThereisnodoubtthattherearealargenumberofpeoplewhohavebeenhurtinonewayoranotherbyparticularlyintensemediaInsummary,itseemsimpossiblethatforeverypersonthatissubjectedtomediascrutiny,hisorherreputationwilleventuallydiminished.Millionsofpeoplearementionedinthemediaeverydayyetstillmanagetogoabouttheirlivesunhurtbythemedia.Normalindividualsthataresubjectedtomediascrutinycanhavetheirreputationeitherenhancedordamageddependingonthecircumstancessurroundingthemediacoverage.diminished.Millionsofpeoplearementionedinthemediaeverydayyetstillmanagetogoabouttheirlivesunhurtbythemedia.Normalindividualsthataresubjectedtomediascrutinycanhavetheirreputationeitherenhancedordamageddependingonthecircumstancessurroundingthemediacoverage.Thelikelihoodofadiminishedreputationfromthemediarisesproportionallywiththelevelofnotorietythatanindividualpossessesandtheoutrageousnessofthatperson'sbehavior.Thelengthoftimeinthespotlightcanalsobeadeterminingfactor,asthelongerthepersonisexaminedinthemedia,thegreaterthepossibilitythatdamaginginformationwillbediscoveredorthattheindividualwilldosomethingtodisparagehisorherreputation.Buttobroadlystatethatmediascrutinywilldiminishanyone'sreputationistooverstatethedistinctpossibilitythat,givenalongenoughtimeandacertainlevelofintensityofcoverage,themediamaydamageaperson's[题目[嘉文博译范文对于这样一项笼统的陈述而言，它的另一个问题是没能明晰界定媒体聚焦的具体程度。媒体的报道毫无疑问存在程度上的差别。只在报纸上提及一个人的名字，是否算作媒体聚焦？对某人一生中单独一次事件（如婚礼或孩子出生）的报道这也算媒介聚焦吗？媒体对消防队员或警官因公而死的英雄壮举进行报道，难道也会毁损该人的名声吗？在这些实例中，其名声受损的事情极不可能发生。虽然BlitonMcaisky的风流韵事的揭露极有可能会将其八年的执政生涯置MilJon一世英名也被媒体不止一次地玷污，首先是被有关其赌习的媒体报道，其次是最近----3猛料aGREISSUEGREISSUE"Peopleworkmoreproductivelyinteamsthanindividually.Teamworkrequirescooperation,whichmotivatespeoplemuchmoreindividualcompetition[SampleTeamworkasawholecannaturallyproduceanoverallgreaterproductivitythroughtheconceptof"synergy",wherethetotalofthewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsindividualparts.Buttheideathatpeopleworkmoreproductivelyinteamsratherthanasindividualsisgoingtovarygreatlybetweenthetypesofteamsthatareorganized,theendrewardormotivationforboththeteamandtheindividuals,aswellastheindividualsRegardingindividuals,somepeoplearebornwiththedesiretosucceed,nomatterwhatthesituationortaskthattheyarefacing.Thesepeoplemayevolveintotheclassic"TypeA"personalitiesthatworkferociouslybecausetheyaredrivenbyaninternalfirethatsaystheymustalwaysbedoingsomething,whetherindividuallyoraspartofateam.Otherpeoplemaydesiretobelesssociallyinvolvedorareveryhighlycompetitivewithotherpeople.Forthesepeople,theirworkismostproductiveasindividuals,becausetheveryideaofcooperatingwithotherpeoplelimitstheireffectivenessandefficiencybecausetheysimplydonotwanttobeapartoftheteam.Whetherthismindsetisinnateordevelopedovertimedoesnotmatter,itismerelythestateoftheirbeingandneithermotivationnorrewardscangenerateinsidethemthedesiretoworkcollectivelyasaSomepeoplearehighlymotivatedbysocialinteractionandthedesiretoworkwithotherstowardsacollectiveeffort.Obviouslytheseindividualsareattheirmostproductivewhenworkingaspartofateam.OrganizationalbehavioralstudieshaveshownthatAsianculturesaremuchmorelikelytodevelopthistypeofcollectivebehaviorasopposedtothemoreindividualisticbehaviorassociatedwithWesterncultures.ItcouldnaturallybeassumedthenthattheremaybeculturalvaluesthatcandeterminewhetherpeopleareattheirmostproductiveindividuallyoraspartofaAnothervariableistheendrewardthatisinvolvedwiththetaskathand.Willtherewardsbegreateriftheteamworkstogethertowardsacommongoal,oraretherewardsmoregearedtowardindividualperformance?Totheextentthattheindividualismotivatedbytheendreward,obviouslyhisorherperformanceinsideofateammaybemoreorlessproductivewithrespecttotheentireteam,dependingonhowtheperformanceisrewarded.Individualgoalsmayinterferewiththegroupperformance.Synergiesmaynotbeachievedbecausetheindividualsarenotworkingtowardsawhole"sum"butrathertowardsanindividualreward.ProductivitythuswillvaryforeachpersonasateammemberorasanindividualdependingonthedegreetowhichthatpersonismotivatedbyanindividualoroverallteamFinally,thedegreeofproductivityofapersonwilldependuponthetypeofteamthatisorganized.Isthegroupcomposedofequallycontributingindividuals?Doesthegrouphaveanoutstandingleaderthatcanmotivateboththeindividualsandtheteamasawhole?Fromapureproductivitystandpoint,thepresenceorabsenceofacharismaticandexceptionalleadercanmakeallthedifferencewhetherapersonwouldbemoreproductiveasapartofateamorasanindividual.Personalitytypesthatworkwelltogetherprovetobemuchmoreprovetobemuchmoreproductiveaspartofateamthanasindividuals,andviceFundamentally,measuresofproductivitydependgreatlyontheindividualsthemselves.Thedilemmafacingleadersinallareasoflifeishowtobestassesstheseindividualstodeterminehowtobestharnesstheircapabilitiestoreachtheirultimateproductivecapabilities.Whetherapersonismoreproductivealoneorwhileworkinginconcertwithothersisoneofthegreatchallengesthatleadersandmanagersmustfacetoaccomplishtaskseffectivelyand[题目"[嘉文博译范文关于个人，有些人天生就具有获取成功的欲望，无论他们所面临的情形或任务是什么。这些人会演变为工作狂这一经典的A类有所事事GREISSUEGREISSUE"Collegesanduniversitiesshouldoffermorecoursesonpopularmusic,film,advertisingandtelevisionbecausecontemporaryhasmuchgreaterrelevanceforstudentsthandoartsandliteratureoftheSampleTotheextentthatcontemporarycultureis,bydefinition,current,itdoeshaveamuchmoreimmediateimpactonstudentsandpeopleingeneralthandotheartsandliteratureofthepast.Contemporaneouseventsdirectlyaffecteveryonealiveatthetimebecausetheyareoccurringatpreciselythesametimeastheindividual'sexistence.Buttoparaphraseafamousphilosopher:"Thosewhodonotlearnfromhistoryaredoomedtorepeatit."Toagreatextent,pastartsandliteratureshapewhoweareaspeopleatleastasmuchas,ifnotmorethan,contemporarycultureEveryonealivetodayisaffectedinonewayoranotherbytheeventsofthepast.Pasteventshavedirectlyledtothewaythattheworldisshapedtoday.Theartsandliteratureareoneofthemostwell-preservedanddocumentedresourcesthatcangiveusadirectlinkintowhatactuallyhappenedinthepast.ConsiderthereligiouswritingsoftheBible,theKoranandthoseofConfucius,aswellasthoserelatedtoBuddhism,Hinduismandallotherreligions.Thesewritingsdirectlyrelateto,andinsomecasestoagreatextentcontrol,thebehaviorofhumanbeingstodayeventhoughmostwerewrittenhundredsifnotthousandsofyearsago.Artworksrelatingtothesereligionsalsohaveaprofoundeffect.ConsiderMichelangelo'sworkintheSistineChapelattheVatican,orthevastmyriadofhistoricBuddhiststatuesthroughoutAsia,ortheancientMuslimmosquesthroughouttheMiddleEastandCentralAsia.Itwouldbedifficulttoarguethatcontemporaryculturehasmorerelevancetotoday'sstudentswhencomparedwiththerelevanceoftheseexamplesofpastartsandAttimesitisdifficulttodeterminewhatexactlyisthedifferencebetweencontemporarycultureandtheartsandliteratureofthepast.Shakespeare'sclassicwritingsarecontinuouslybeingadaptedintocurrentmoviesthatareoftenbighitswithstudentsandthegeneralpopulationasawhole.Millionsofpeopleeveryyearviewclassicworksofartinmuseumsallovertheworld.Readingsofreligioustextshavenevergoneoutofstylewithalargepartoftheworld'spopulation.Clashesbetweencenturies-oldculturesandreligions,suchasthatofWesterncountriesandIslamicextremistsandthatofHindusandMuslimsinIndia,demonstratethatthereligiousartifactsthatcouldbecalledartsandliteratureofthepastareverymuchapartofcontemporaryWhilethepastcancertainlynotbeignored,alargepartofwhatstudentsmustlearnatuniversityisbasedoncontemporaryculture.Mostreligiouslearning,atleastofone'sownreligion,occurseitherathomeorearlyoninastudent'seducation.Attheuniversitylevel,studiesofpolitics,businessandthecomputersciencesmustdealingreatdetailwiththelatestadvancesincontemporarycultureinordertoremainuptodateandrelevant.Othersubjects,suchasmathematics,agriculture,andtheartsandliteraturethemselveslooklargelytothepastforthecoreknowledgethatistaughtinthesecourses.TheapplicationoftheselessonsfromthepastareentirelytherapidlychangingworldthattherapidlychangingworldthattheyarelivingItwouldseemself-evidentthataproperlyeducateduniversitystudentmustfindabalancebetweenstudyingcontemporaryculturewithoutneglectingthestudyofartsandliteratureofthepast.Thestudyofoneisnotmutuallyexclusiveofthestudyoftheother.Thebenefitsofawell-roundededucationcomefromnotonlyknowingthestateoftheworldasitexiststodaybutalsoinknowinghowtheworldarrivedatthisstageofdevelopmentinthefirst[题目系。GREISSUE（topicGREISSUE（topic7inthe"ThestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevanttoourdailySampleTostatethatthestudyofhistoryisonlyvaluableifitisrelevanttoourdailylivesistoignorethevaluethathistoryhasbeyondtheto-dayactivitiesofhumanbeings.Itwouldseemtobearathershallowstatementthatimpliesthathumansonlylivejusttosurviveratherthanplanningforthefuturesoftheirchildrenandtheenvironment.Firstofall,tostudyhistoryistolookataroadmapofhumanbehaviorthathasledustowherewearetodayintheworld.Forexample,thelessonslearnedduringallofthepastwarscanmakeformoreeffectivewartimeleadershipbyavoidingmistakesmadebypastcommanders.FromtheancientChineseauthorSunTzu'sbook"TheArtofWar",today'smilitarycommandersandevenbusinessleadersgathervaluableinformationthatallowsthemtooperatemoreefficientlyandeffectively.Thestudyofthistypeofhistoryhasavaluebeyondthedailylivesofpeople.Itcanleadtoamilitaryvictoryorthesuccessofabusinessthatdirectlyaffectswhathappensinthefuture,includingthefuturesofthosethatarepossiblynotevenbornAnotherexampleisthatbystudyinghistory,parentscanhelptoimprovethelivesoftheirchildreninthefuture.Lessonslearnedgenerationsoftheirancestorsbeforethemcouldhelpshowthemthewaytoproperlyraiseachild.WhatworkedforotherscangiveguidancetotheparentsoftodayandtomorrowtomakesurethatchildrenarepreparedfortheirownfuturesbeyondtheirdailyAdditionally,thestudyofmedicaladvancesmadethroughouthistorycanbethefoundationtobuildupontomakethemedicaladvancesoftodayandtomorrowtomakepeoplelivelongerandhealthierlives.Aresearcher'sdailylifemaynotbeenhancedbythestudyofthehistoryoftheAIDSpathogen,butitcouldcertainlybringaboutaprofoundeffectonthelivesofothersinthefutureifwaystocontrolandcurethediseasearefound.Thestudyofpreviousresearchoverhistoryhasledtomanyamazingmedicaldiscoveries.Tostudyhistoryonlytoenrichone'sdailylifewouldhereagainseemtobeincongruouswiththeAfurtherexampleofthevalueofthestudyofhistorybeyonditseffectondailylifeisthetreatmentoftheenvironmentandtheearthasawhole.Lookingbacktothepasttoseethevariouseffectsofvarioushumanbehaviorsontheenvironmentcanshowvaluablelessonsonwhatcanhappenifproperprecautionsarenottaken.ThenuclearaccidentsatThreeMileIslandandChernobylhavebeenstudiedtoensurethattheydonothappenagain.Certainlythestudyoftheeffectsofnuclearmaterialsonhumansandtheenvironmentprovidesvaluebeyondthatoftheday-to-daylifeofpeople.Thestudyofoilspillsandtheireffectsontheenvironmentgivessimilarguidanceonhowtoavoidoratleastminimizethedamageofanoilspillontheenvironment.Thestudyofthedisintegrationoftheozonelayeroverthepolesoftheearthhasgivenbirthtonewlawsandregulationsoncertainchemicalsthathelptopreservethisvaluablepartofouratmosphere.AlloftheseexamplesofstudyinghistoryprovidevaluefarbeyonditsimpactonthedailylivesofTobecertain,therearepeopleouttherethatbelievethatonlywhataffectsthemrighthereandrightnowisimportant.Forthem,thestudyofhistorymightseemtobeawasteoftimeifitdoesnotaffecttheirday-to-daylives.Butforcountlessotherindividualsandgroups,thestudyofhistoryleadstoimprovementsinactivitiesthathaveaneffectreachingfarintothefuture,beyondtheirdailylives.Thefuturesofmankindandtheenvironmentdependonthesetypesofpeoplewhohaveenoughforesighttostudyhistorytomakeforabetterfuturefor(690[题目[题目GREISSUE范文Issue（topic9inthe"Inmanycountriesitisnowpossibletoturnonthetelevisionandviewgovernmentatwork.Watchingtheseproceedingscanpeopleunderstandtheissuesthataffecttheirlives.Themorekindsofgovernmentproceedings-trials,debates,meetings,etc.-thataretelevised,themoresocietywillbenefit."SampleAnythingthatmakesacountry'sgovernmentmoretransparentiscertainlyagoodthing,atleastindemocraticcountries.Thesesocietieshaveagreatdealtogainbybeingabletowatchtheirelectedgovernmentofficialsinaction.ButtobroadlystatethatthemoregovernmentproceedingsSampleAnythingthatmakesacountry'sgovernmentmoretransparentiscertainlyagoodthing,atleastindemocraticcountries.Thesesocietieshaveagreatdealtogainbybeingabletowatchtheirelectedgovernmentofficialsinaction.Buttobroadlystatethatthemoregovernmentproceedingsthataretelevised,themoresocietywillbenefitistoignorethefactthatsometimes,lessismore.Sometypesofproceedingscanevenbeadverselyaffectediftelevised,makingsocietyworseoffratherthangivingitabenefit.Sometypesofgovernmentalproceedingsshouldreceivemoretelevisedcoverage,buttherearesomethatshouldprobablyreceivelesstoensurethattheyareproperlyOneexampleofthepossiblenegativeeffectsoftelevisingallgovernmentalproceedingswasthetrialintheUnitedStatesofaccusedmurdererandformerNationalFootballLeaguesuperstarO.J.Simpson.Thetrialwastelevisedandbecameahugemediaspectacle,captivatingthenation'sattentionduringtheentiretrial.Attorneyswerewellawarethattheproceedingswerebeingtelevisedandalmostbehavedasiftheywereactinginamovie.Thespotlightwassounrelentingthatthecircusatmosphereaffectedeventhejudge.Thepresenceoftelevisioncamerasandtheeffectoftheintensemediacoverageledtoatriallikenoother,andadverselyaffectedthenaturalprogressionofthetrial.Theparticipantsplayedtothecamerasratherthanfocusingonthetaskathand.Largelybecauseoftelevision,manypeoplewouldarguethatjusticewasnotservedduringthisparticularOntheotherhand,televisionoftheday-to-dayworkingsofgovernmentinactionprovidesdirectinsightintohowagovernmentactuallyworks.Becausethetelevisioncamerasarethereeveryday,thegovernmentalofficialsbecomeaccustomedtothemandarenolongergreatlyaffectedbytheirpresence.Inthisway,societybenefitsbecausetheyareabletoseewhatishappeningasithappens.ThegovernmentinactionisnolongerhiddenbehindsuchaveilofsecrecysothatnooneknowsthemysteriouswaysoftheirelectedOneoftheproblemswithstatingthatthemoregovernmentalproceedingsthataretelevised,thebetterofasocietyis,isthatpeoplemightcometobelievethattheyareseeingeverythingwheninfact,atelevisioncameracanonlyseepartofwhatishappeningnomatterhowmanycamerasthereare.Muchofwhathappensingovernmenttakesplace"behindthescenes",notnecessarilyinfullviewofthecamerasinthemeetingplace.Whiletoanextent"seeingisbelieving",quiteoftenitiswhatyoudon'tseethatmakesthedifference.Merelytelevisinggovernmentalproceedingscertainlyenhancesunderstanding,buttofullyunderstandtheprocessapersonwouldactuallyhavetoactivelyparticipateinthatAnotherproblemwiththestatementthatthemoretelevisedgovernmentalproceedings,thebetter,isthatitassumesthatpeopleactuallywatchtheproceedingswhentheyarebroadcast.ThereisatelevisionchannelintheUnitedStatesthatbroadcastsCongressionalproceedingseveryday,butfewpeoplewatchit.Onlywhensomebigissuecomesupforadebateorforavotedoesasignificantnumberofpeopletunein.TomerelytelevisegovernmentalproceedingswillnotaffectsocietyunlesssocietywatchestheseSocietycancertainlybenefitfromthetelevisioncoverageofcertaingovernmentalproceedings.Toactuallyseetheelectedofficialsinactioncanbringanextraelementofunderstandingintotheinnerworkingsofagovernment.Politicianscanbeheldaccountablefortheiractionswhiletheyarebeing"watched"bythetelevisioncameras.Nolongercantheyhideinanonymitywhiletheyareconductingthebusinessofthepeople.Butnotallgovernmentalproceedingsshouldbetelevised.Therearetimeswhensecrecyisanabsoluterequirementformakingsurethatthecorrectdecisionsare(694[题目题。电视转播政府程序----的种类越多，则社会将会获益更多。[题目题。电视转播政府程序----的种类越多，则社会将会获益更多。O.J.辛普逊的审判。审判GREISSUE范文"Thepurposeofmanyadvertisementsistomakeconsumerswanttobuyaproductsothattheywill'belike'thepersoninthead.practiceiseffectivebecauseitnotonlysellsproductsbutalsohelpspeoplefeelbetteraboutSampleManyadvertisementsdoindeeduseattractivemodelsorcelebritiestoenticeconsumersintobuyingtheproductsthatarebeingpromoted.WhowouldSampleManyadvertisementsdoindeeduseattractivemodelsorcelebritiestoenticeconsumersintobuyingtheproductsthatarebeingpromoted.Whowouldnotliketolooklikethebeautifulmodelsthataredepictedenjoyingtheproduct?WhowouldnotliketobelikeaMichaelJordanorTigerWoods?Toacertainextent,buyingproductstoemulatethepersonsshownintheadvertisementscanmakeapersonfeelbetterabouthimorherself.Butthistypeofadvertisementcanbeadouble-edgedsword-whentheproductdoesnotmaketheperson"belike"thepersonintheadvertisement,therecanbedisappointmentanddisillusionmentwiththeMarketingdepartmentshavelongknownthatusingattractivemodelsandcelebrityendorserscanhelptopersuadeconsumerstobuyaproduct.Somecustomersmayactuallybelievethatbuyingandusingtheproductwillmakethem"belike"thepeoplefeaturedinthead.Forotherconsumers,thereisprobablyatleastsomesubconsciousreactionthatcausesthemtobelievethattheywillinfactassumesomeofthecharacteristicsofthepersondepictedintheadvertisement.Consumerswithalowersenseofself-esteemaremorelikelytobuyaproductbasedonthemotivationthattheywillbecomelikesomeoneProofofthismarketingaxiomcanbefoundbysimplylookingatadvertisementsfromaroundtheworld.Peoplefeaturedinadvertisementsarealmostalwaysgood-looking,healthyandphysicallyfit.Marketersaresavvyenough,andenoughmarketresearchhasproventhat,consumersaremotivatedtobuybyadvertisementsfeaturingattractivemodels.Evenadvertisementsthatareaimedattheolderpeopleofapopulationwillfeatureattractiveolderpeople.Althoughtherehasbeensomecriticismabouttheeffectofshowingonly"beautifulpeople"onthegeneralpopulation,particularlyonyoungwomen,advertisersknowthatbeautysells.ButwhetherthispracticemakespeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselvesdependsontheindividualandiscertainlyopentoSomeindividualswithalowsenseofself-esteem,especiallyyoungerpeople,maypurchaseproductsinanattempttomakethemselvesbelikethepersonfeaturedintheadvertisement.Youngwomeninparticularmaybuycosmeticsorclothingadvertisedbybeautifulmodelsinanattempttolookthesameasthem.Youngmenmaybuyathleticshoesorapparelinanattempttoperformathleticallyinthesamewaythatthepersonfeaturedintheadvertisementplays.Thesepeoplemaythenbecomefurtherdiscouragedwhentheyuseorweartheproductandfindoutthattheyarethesamepersonthattheywerebefore.Buyingtheproducthasn'tchangedThereareothersthatmayderiveacertainsenseofsatisfactionoverthefactthattheywearthesameunderwearassomebeautifulmodelsorthattheydrinkthesamesoftdrinkasBritneySpears.Thesepeopleingeneralalreadyhaveagoodsenseofwhotheyareanddon'texpectaparticularproducttoperformmiraclesforthem.Forthesepeople,thepurchaseoftheproductisnotsomuchasanimageenhancer;itismoreofaformofself-expression.PerhapsdrinkingaPepsi-ColamakesthemfeelyoungerorwearingNikeshoesmakesthemfeelmoreathletic,nomatterhowoldorinactivetheymaybeinreality.Inthismanner,itispossiblethatadvertisingcanmakepeoplefeelbetteraboutMarketingandadvertisingabsolutelymustappealtopeopleinonewayoranothertobesuccessful.Researchhasshownthatusingcelebritiesandattractivepeoplecanmotivateconsumerstopurchaseaproduct.Inwhatevermanner,advertisershopethattheyactuallycanmakepeoplefeelbetteraboutthemselves,becausethatcanhelpfosterrepeatpurchasesofaproduct.Ultimately,whetheranadvertisementmakesapersonfeelbetterabouthimorherselfdependsontheindividualandhowtheyperceivethemselvesascomparedtotheparticularadvertisementin(692[题目不仅能售出产品，而且也帮助人们有更好的自我感觉。[题目不仅能售出产品，而且也帮助人们有更好的自我感觉。BritneySpears一样的饮料。这些GREISSUE"Whenweconcernourselveswiththestudyofhistory,webecomestorytellers.Becausewecanneverknowthepastdirectlybutconstructitbyinterpretingevidence,exploringhistoryismoreofacreativeenterprisethanitisanobjectivepursuit.AllhistoriansareSampleTherewouldseemtobetwodifferentperspectivespresentedintheabovestatement.Thefirsttwosentencesareconcernedwithexploringhistoryandwouldseemtodiscusslookingathistorythathasalreadybeenwritten.Peoplewhoconcernthemselveswiththestudyofhistoryarenotstorytellers,butratherstoryinterpreters.Thelastsentencereferstothepeoplethatwriteabouthistory,thehistoriansthemselves.Certainly,toTherewouldseemtobetwodifferentperspectivespresentedintheabovestatement.Thefirsttwosentencesareconcernedwithexploringhistoryandwouldseemtodiscusslookingathistorythathasalreadybeenwritten.Peoplewhoconcernthemselveswiththestudyofhistoryarenotstorytellers,butratherstoryinterpreters.Thelastsentencereferstothepeoplethatwriteabouthistory,thehistoriansthemselves.Certainly,toacertainextent,historiansmustbestorytellersbecausetheyhaveastorytotell.Buttheterm"storyteller"seemstoimplyagreateramountofcreativitythanwhatisinvolvedinactuallyexplainingwhathashappenedinhistory.Forthepurposesofthisessay,Iwillfocusontheperspectiveofthehistorian,asitwouldappeartobetheunderlyingcoreFromtheperspectiveofthehistorian,mosthistoriansdonothavethebenefitofhavinglivedthroughtheperiodofhistorythattheyarewritingabout.Byresearchingthroughthousandsofoldletters,legaldocuments,familyheirloomsandthelike,historiansmustlookatfragmentsofhistoryandsomehowputthesepiecestogethertoreconstructwhatactuallyhappened.Inthissense,theymustbestorytellersbecauseinevitably,theirpersonalinsightsbecomepartofwhatotherswillseewhentheyreadthehistorian'swritings.Asanexample,therearemanydifferingopinionsastowhetherThomasJeffersonactuallyfatheredchildrenwithoneofhisslaves.Somehistorianshavewrittenthatitisavirtualcertainty,whileothersarguethatitwashisbrother,ratherthanThomashimself,thatfatheredthechildren.Theybothcannotberight.Althoughtheyareallhistorians,theyarealsostorytellersgivingtheiropiniononwhatversionofeventsactuallyHistoriansthataredocumentingeventsastheyhappentodayhavemuchlessofanopportunitytofallintothe"storyteller"categoryastheyarepresentaswitnessestotheseeventsastheyarehappening.Television,newspaperandothermediacoverageiswidespreadandalmostunrelenting.Televisioncapturesvisualsandaudiosthatarespreadrapidlyaroundtheworldandtheoreticallycanlastforever.Thereismuchlessroomforputtingone'sown"spin"onanevent,especiallyregardingtheexactdetailsofwhathappened.Butevenwithtoday'sevents,thereisroomforopiniononthepartofthehistorian.Forexample,historiansarealreadyarguingwhat