新教材2024版高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsPeriod1ReadingandThinking课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT1PeriodOne基础练Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Customsofficialshavemadeaseriesof__________(相互矛盾的)statementsabouttheequipment.2．However，whenshehungup，sheregrettedthewayshehad__________(处理)thecall.3．Shehadnoreasonto__________(怀疑)thatSylviahadnottoldthetruth.4．Theboydiedof__________(数量多的)injuries,andeveryoneherefeltsadforhim.5．Weimport__________(生的；未加工的)materialsandenergyandexportmainlyindustrialproducts.6．Themediaputtheireverydecisionunderthe__________(显微镜).7．Manypoor__________(家庭)areexperiencingrealhardship.8．Populationgrowthis__________(减少)by1．4%eachyear.9．Inremoteregions,theairis____________(纯的；干净的)andthecropsarefreeofpoisonousinsecticides.10．Official__________(数据)showrealwagesdecliningby24%.【答案】1．contradictory2．handled3．suspect4．multiple5．raw6．microscope7．households8．decreasing9．pure10．statisticsⅡ．单句语法填空1．Cheerup!Youneedn’tfeel________(frustrate)atyourfailureintheexam.2．Manypeoplefelthewouldbehostiletotheideaofforeign__________(intervene).3．Thesearejustsome________(proof)thatwecoulddofortheprogram.4．Theseevents________(severe)affectourenvironmentaswellashumanhealth.5．Carbonemissionsfromhumanactivitiesarepartlytoblame________ourwarmingplanet.6．Officialssaythatfewcitizensareinfected________thevirusowingtoeffectivepreventionnow.【答案】1．frustrated2．intervention3．proofs4．severely5．for6．with提升练阅读理解(2022·全国高考乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand，atthesametime，helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh－tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon－timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies，dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher－valueservicesforrailways，detectingfaultsintherailorswitches，beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks，dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain，andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco－pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast－movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.()1．Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A．Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B．Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C．Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D．Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.()2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“maintenance”inParagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety. B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair. D．Constructionofinfrastructure.()3．Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A．Toprovideearlywarning.B．Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C．Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D．Toacceleratetransportation.()4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。1．A细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh－tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.”可知，使用无人机检查高压电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。2．C词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance，includingsendingmaintenancestaff，oftenatnight，toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由此可知，“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。3．B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept：theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrack