高中英语必修三知识点外研版

必修三Module1⒈belocated/situated(on/in/to…)=lie/stand(on/in/to)位于…的；坐落于…的；处于…地位（状态的）⑴我们学校坐落于一个美丽的地方，周围有青山绿水环绕。Ourschoolissituatedinthebeautifulplace,withgreenmountainsandclearriversaround.◆situationn.立场；局势；形势ina…situation处于….状况中；在…形势下1).Inthepresentsituation,Iwouldn’tadviseyoutosellyourhouse.在目前的形势下，…2).You’reputtingmeinaveryembarrassingsituation.你使我处于非常尴尬的境地。3).Withnorainforthreemonthsandfoodsuppliesrunningout,thesituationhereisgettingworse.三个月无雨，食品供应也将消耗殆尽，这里情况越来越糟糕了。⒉face1).faceupto勇敢面对（接受并处理）(be)facedwith面对；面临face(tothe)south/north/east/west面朝南/北/东/西2).facetoface面对面(地)in(the)faceof面对；在…面前makeafaceat向…做鬼脸save/loseface保全/丢面子toone’sface当着某人的面staresb.intheface盯着某人turnredintheface涨红了脸be+过去分词+介词（这些词作状语或定语时用ed形式,be去掉）befacedwith；becomparedwithbeseated；behidden；belost/absorbed/occupiedinbeabandoned/addictedto（沉溺于）；beborn；bedressed；betiredof（厌烦）等⒊表示“某物在哪个方向”可用south/north/east/west等，构成以下几种表达方式。(1).…isinthesouthof在…的南部（在内部）…isonthesouthof在…的南边（接壤）…istothesouthof在…以南（在外部）…issouthof在…的南部（不指明在内部还是外部）(2).把表示方位、地点的介词或副词短语放在句首，句子用完全倒装语序。①.JiangsuisonthesouthofShandong.SouthofShandongisJiangsu.②.Eastofourschoolliesarailway.⒋倍数表示法：as…as◎Ais…↓…(morethan)times-erthanB倍数theN.ofsize,length,height,weight…⒌主谓一致⑴三原则：①语法一致的原则：语法一致的原则是指主语为单、复数与谓语动词要相呼应。但要注意一些特殊情况；1）以alongwith,togetherwith,with,aswellas,accompaniedby,ratherthan,but,except连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数以第一个主语为主。例如：Severalpassengers,togetherwiththedriver,werehurt.2）表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Fiftyyearsisnotalongtime.3）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Earlytobedandearlytoriseishealthful.4）如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each,every,no等词修饰时，谓语用单数。例如：Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.②意义一致的原则：意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。例如：Thepopulationoftheearthisincreasingveryfast.类似这样的集体名词有：family,class,audience,committee（委员会）,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council（理事会）,village等。③就近原则：所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。1）以either…or,or,neither…nor和notonly…butalso连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。例如：Eitheryouorhehastogotherewithme.2）由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如：Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.谓语动词用单数的情况：manya…morethanone…Manyastudentwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.Every…andevery…/no…andno…/each…andeach…Eachboyandeachgirlhasseenthefilm.oneandahalfa…ortwoOneandahalfbananaswaseatenbythatmonkey.nobody,everything,noone,something…Everythingwasprepared.a/the(…and…)指同一人、事物或概念TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitorhascome.钱、时间、长度等$300isnotenoughforustotravel.thenumberof…Thenumberofthebooksis37.【部分倒装】=1\*GB3①only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放于句首=2\*GB3②否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom等放于句首=3\*GB3③so+adj/adv+(倒装)+that1.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth(Wefoundoutthetruthonlywhenhereturned.)2.NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.(Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore)3.SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.(HespeaksEnglishsoclearlythat~)5.figuren./v.1).HehadalwayslookeduponSarahasakindofmotherfigure.形象2).Howdoesshemanagetokeepherfigurewhensheeatssomuch?体形3).Hewastheoutstandingpoliticalfigureofhistime.人物v.4).Ifiguredthathewasdrunkandshouldn’tbeallowedtodrive.认为5).Ittookmehourstofigurethoseproblemsout.分析；想出6).Women.Ijustcan’tfigurethemout.理解7).ManyeconomistshavebeenfiguringoutwhatmakesChinadevelopsofast.分析8).指望figureon6．S.+be+adj.+todoeasy/good/safe/comfortable/dangerous/hard/difficult…1).Thewaterisnotpuretodrink(drink)2).Heneedsachaircomfortabletositon.(sit)3).Theyoungmanfelttheroomcoldtolivein(live)必修三Module31.occur过去式occurred过去分词occurred1)发生，出现Earthquakesoccurfrequentlyinthisarea.2)sthoccurtosb某人想到，某事浮现脑海Itneveroccurredtomethathemightbeintrouble.Abrilliantideaoccurredtome.【回忆“发生”】①.Abigearthquakeoccurred/happenedinthesouthofChinalastmonth.②.Itoccurredtomethatshedidn’tknowIhadmovedintothenewhouse.③.Ihappenedtoseehimonmywayhome.=IthappenedthatIsawhimonmywayhome.④.Afirebrokeoutinthehospitalinthemid-night.

⑤.Aftertheflood,diseasesbrokeouthereandthere.⑥.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownduringthepasttenyears.=7\*GB3⑦.Howdiditcomeaboutthatsuchashortjourneytooksuchalongtime.wordsmeaningsoccur

偶然发生；突然想起Itoccurredtosb.that….happen偶然发生；碰巧Ithappenedthat…/sb.happentodosth.breakout

(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵)突然爆发takeplace

(有计划地)发生;举行⒉strike打击，撞击，（雷电，暴风雨等）袭击，过去式struck过去分词struck/strickenTheclockstruckfive.敲打Apowerfulearthquakestrucktheislandearlythismorning.袭击Iwasstruckbyitsbeauty.被…打动Atthispoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime.浮现;使人想起【注意区分】strike,hit,beat,knockstrike“(钟)敲打，撞击，袭击”，表示有力的打一下。beat连续地打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也可表示殴打，体罚。hit瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“袭击”knock用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打必修二Module4⒈strengthn.【辨析】：strength,force,energy,powerUnionisstrength.②Knowledgeispower.③.Ishalldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.(注：尽力帮助doeverythinginone’spowertodo…)④.Thelawremainsinforce.（法律仍旧有效。）⑤.Youngpeopleusuallyhavemoreenergythantheold.【总结】：wordsmeaningsstrength着重指人的力气，物的强度。force自然力量；暴力，势力；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政权⒉so…that…/such…that….①so…that…引导结果状语从句so+adj./adv.+that从句他跑的如此快，没人能赶上他。Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.so+adj.+a/an+n.+that从句他是这么好的一个男孩，我们大家都喜欢他。Heissogoodaboythatallofuslikehim.so+many/much/little/few+n.+that从句他如此博学，所以被大学录取。Hehassomuchknowledgethatheisadmittedintothecollege.②such…that…引导结果状语从句such+a/an+adj.+n.+that从句他是这么好的一个男孩，我们大家都喜欢他。Heissuchagoodboythatallofuslikehim.such+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句天气如此好，我们都想去公园散步。Itissuchfineweatherthatwewanttotakeawalkinthepark.【特别注意】：solittle(少)+n./suchlittle(小)+n.(用so或such填空)Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.Itisnotsurprisingthatsuchlittlewormseatsolittlegrain.当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。这个男孩如此害怕，以至于不知该怎么做。Theboywassofrightenedthathedidn’tknowwhattodo.改为倒装句：Sofrightenedwastheboythathedidn’tknowwhattodo.⒊appearto…/Itappearsthat…①Heisonlyforty,butappearstobe(be)quiteold.②ItappearstomethatThegirlappearstohaveknown(know)it.这女孩好像已经知道了这件事。③Itappearstomethatyouareallmistaken.我觉得你们全错了。⒋make+it+adj.+todo…①Theheavyrainmadeitimpossibleforustogetthereontime.(这场大雨使我们不可能按时到达那里了)。②Hisexplanationmadeiteasyforustounderstandthetext.(他的解释使我们理解课文容易了)【拓展】make+it+n.+todoHemadeitaruletoreadaloudandrecitetenEnglishwordseverymorning.(他把每天早晨大声朗读，背10个英语单词作为一项规定)⒌todo不定式㈠结构:todo(否定)nottodo㈡时态与语态

主动语态被动语态一般式

todo

tobedone进行式

tobedoing

----------完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone完成进行式

tohavebeendoing

----------㈢用法(1).主Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.(2).表Myjobistohelpthepatient.Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.(3)宾Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.☆think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.(4).宾warn,tell,allow,help,ask,forceTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.五看watchseelookatobservenotice三使letmakehave二听listentohear一感觉:feel不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.①Shecoulddonothingbutcry.②Ihavenochoicebuttogo.③Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.注：在can’tbut，can‘thelpbut，can’tchoosebut（意思是不得不，只能，只好），的结构后，不定式不带to(5).定语Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。①不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：❶动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。❷主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。❸同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。②不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。③不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。④something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：ⅠDoyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）ⅡDoyouhaveanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）(6)状Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,(7).独立结构Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth关于小品词to①不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.②不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。(宾语)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Whynothavearest?固定句型:①hadbetter/hadbest+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事②Why(not)dosth.?③…prefertodo/preferdoing④…prefern./doing…ton./doing…⑤…prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do…⑥…wouldrather(not)dosth.⑦…wouldratherdo…than(do)…⑧…wouldrathersb.did（虚拟语气）要做……(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)必修三Module51.equaladj./v.平等的