人教版中考英语一轮复习之八年级上册Unit1-3知识点、语法汇总讲义

中考一轮复习之八上Unit1-3一【重点词汇】1．few(adj.)→___________(比较级)→____________(最高级)2．bored(adj.)→_____________(adj.)令人感到厌倦的3．decide(v.)→_______________(n.)决定4．building(n.)→______________(v.)建造→______________（过去式）5．hungry(adj.)→______________(n.)饥饿6．hard(adv.)努力→_____________(adv.)几乎不7．full(adj.)→____________(adj.反义词)空的8．little(adj.&adv.)→___________(比较级)→__________(最高级)9.health(n.)→__________(adj.)健康的→____________(adj.)不健康的10．die(v.)→___________(adj.)死的→____________(n.)死亡11．win(v.)→______(过去式)→_________(n.)获胜者12．true(adj.)→____________(adv.)真正；确实→___________(n.)事实；真相13．close(v.)→________(adj.)近的→________(adj.)关着的14．bad/badly→____________(比较级)→_____________(最高级)15．cheaply(adv.)→___________(adj.)便宜的→____________(反义词)贵的16．choose(v.)→______________(n.)选择→______________（过去式）17．carefully(adv.)→____________(adj.)谨慎的→___________(反义词)粗心的→_____________(n.)关心18．mean(v.)→_______________(n.)意义→_____________(adj.)有意义的19．success(n.)→______________(v.)成功→_____________(adj.)成功的20．__________（adj.美丽的，漂亮的）→_____________（adv.漂亮地）→___________（n.美，美丽）21．medicine(n.)→______________(adj.)医学的22．foreign(adj.)→_______________(n.)外国人23．agree(v.)→___________(v.反义词)不赞成→_________(n.)意见一致→__________(n.反义词)不赞成24．begin(v.)→_____________(n.)开头；开端→______________(过去式)→______________（过去分词）25．person(n.)→_______________(adj.)个人的；私人的26．own(adj.)→___________(v.)拥有→____________(n.)拥有者27.___________（adj.不同的）→______________（adv.不同地）→___________（n.差别，差异）二【常考短语】1.goonvacation__________________ 2.goout外出（娱乐） 3.__________________相当多 4.__________________给……的感觉；感受到 5.__________________决定做某事 6.__________________.设法/尝试做某事7.__________________一直做…… 8.hardlyever__________________9.onceaweek一周一次 10.__________________使用互联网11.stayup(late)__________________12.__________________考虑 13.__________________一点儿也不…… 14.__________________多于15.__________________…的答案 16.asksb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事17.betalentedin__________________ 18.__________________和……相同19.makesb.laugh逗某人笑 20.__________________只要21.__________________与……不同 22.__________________与……相像的45.have...incommon______________ 48.____________编造（故事、谎言等）三【重点短语】1.decide的用法decide（1）及物动词，意为“决定”，常见用法有：a.___________________________.意为“决定做某事”；decidenottodosth.意为“决定不要做某事”b.decide+“疑问词+动词不定式”c.decide+宾语从句不及物动词，decideonsth.意为“就某事做决定；选定某事”【拓展】_______________名词，意为“决定”，__________________________意为“做决定”（郴州中考）—Let’sgotothemoviesthisweekend.—Sorry,butmyparentsandIhavedecidedtoDongjiangLakeforcamping.A.go B.going C.togo2.what引导的感叹句感叹句主要是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子，感叹句主要由what和how引导，具体结构如下：①____________________________________________________Whataninterestingbookitis!多么有趣的一本书啊！②____________________________________________________Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！③____________________________________________________Howbeautifulsheis!她是多么漂亮啊！（滨州中考）—Thelittleboyisonlythreeyearsold,buthecanmemorizeabout50poems.—talentedboyheis!A.How B.Howa C.Whata D.What3.enough用法enough①形容词，意为“足够的，充分的”，作定语修饰名词时，通常放在名词前面，但timeenough（足够的时间）仍常用。enough+名词+todosth.意为“有足够的……可以做某事”。②副词，意为“足够地，充分地”，用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后。adj./adv+enough(+forsb.)+todosth.（对某人来说）足够……可以做某事。③代词，意为“足够，充足”。（黔西南中考）Itwasforustosolvethemathproblem.Fewofuscouldevenunderstandit.A.easyenough B.enougheasy C.difficultenough D.enoughdifficult4.so...that...的用法so...that...意为“__________________________”，句中so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句。Ourschoolissobeautifulthateveryonelikesit.我们学校如此美丽以至于大家都喜欢它。【拓展】sothat可引导目的状语从句，意为“__________________________”。Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatchtheearlybus.他每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。（岳阳中考）TheMovieNeZhaiseducationalIwanttoseeitagain.A.so;that B.such;that C.too;to5.tellsb.todosth.的固定搭配tellsb.todosth.意为“告诉某人做某事”。tellsb.nottodosth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。Theteachertellsustocleanthewidows.老师告诉我们擦窗户。（上海中考）Doctorstellusourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal.A.wash B.washed C.washing D.towash6.stayup的固定搭配stayup意为“____________”，常与late，long或allnight搭配，表示更加丰富的语意。Itisnotagoodhabittostayup.熬夜不是个好习惯。（湖北黄冈中考）根据汉语意思及句末括号内的英语单词提示完成句子。熬夜是一个坏习惯。（stay）isabadhabit.7.result的用法result可数名词，意为“结果；后果”，__________________________意为“……的结果”，__________________________意为“结果是，作为结果”，asaresultof意为“由于”。HereistheresultofoursurveyabouttheuseofInternet.这是我们关于互联网使用情况的调查结果。（孝感中考）—DoyouknowLiuHuifinallyenteredatopschool?—Certainly.That’stheofhishardwork.A.habit B.suggestion C.result D.decision8.percent用法percent名词，意为“百分之……”，常用于“基数词+percent+of”结构。“基数词+percent+of+名词/代词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据of后的名词或代词的情况而定。____________________________________________________.百分之七十的苹果时红的。____________________________________________________.百分之二十的水被冰覆盖。（黑龙江中考）Eightypercentofthestudentsinthisschoolthreetofivetimesaweek.A.exercises B.exercise C.exercising9.almost用法almost程度副词，意为“几乎；差不多”，与_________同义，常位于实义动词之前，连系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后。____________________________________________________.我几乎忘记给他写信。【注意】almost之前不可用very，not等词，但在no，none，never，nothing等否定词之前可用almost。（深圳中考）—Ittookmenearlytwodaystomakethevlog.—Ican’twaittowatchit.A.hardly B.probably C.almost10.both...and...的用法both...and...意为“……和……都；既……又……”，通常用来连接两个并列的句子成分。both...and...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。____________________________________________________.汤姆和吉姆都对网购感兴趣。【拓展】“bothof+复数人称代词的宾格或复数名词”，意为“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Maybebothofthemarebusy.或许他们两个都很忙。（黄冈镇看）—Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?—Either.teacoffeearemyfavourite.A.Notonly;butalso B.Both;and C.Neither;nor D.Either;or11.as...as...的用法as...as...意为“与……一样……”，两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构为notas/so...as...意为“不如……那样……”。TomgetsupasearlyasJim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。（上海中考）Balanceddietsarejustasasregularexerciseinourdailylife.A.important B.moreimportant C.mostimportant D.themostimportant12.havefun固定搭配havefun意为“玩得高兴”，与haveagoodtime或enjoyoneself同义。fun是不可数名词，其前通常不加任何冠词。【拓展】___________________________________________.意为“做某事有乐趣”。（海南中考）Frankandhisfriendshadgreatfunvolleyballonthebeachyesterday.A.play B.playing C.toplay13.make的固定搭配__________________________.意为“让某人做某事”，make后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。____________________________________________________老师让我回答这个难题。【拓展】①“__________________________”意为“让某人/某物……”，该结构中形容词作宾语补足语。Youshouldmakeyourparentshappy.你应该让你父母开心。②“__________________________”意为“让某人成为……”，该结构中名词作宾语补足语。TheymadeJacktheirteamleader.他们选杰克为他们的队长。（哈尔滨中考）Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem.A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing14.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.的固定句型It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。It’s+adj.+ofsb.todosth.意为“某人做某事是……的”。若形容词是表示“__________”（easy,difficult,necessary,dangerous,possible等），则sb.前用for；如形容词是表示“_________（kind,brave,fine,stupid,clever,wide等）”，则sb.前用of。（云南中考）It’snecessarymasks（口罩）inpublicplacesduringtheCOVID-19period.A.forustowear B.foruswearing C.ofuswearing D.ofustowear15.aslongas...的用法意为“_______________________”，引导条件状语从句。主句为一般将来时或主句谓语含有情态动词can时，aslongas所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。____________________________________________________.你只要努力学习，就会取得好成绩。（山东青岛中考）Friendsarelikebooks.Youdon’tneedalotofthemtheyaregood.A.or B.and C.aslongas D.assoonfortable的用法comfortable形容词，意为“__________________________”，即可用作定语也可用作表语。其反义词是__________________________（不舒服的，令人不舒适的），comfortable其比较级和最高级分别__________________________\__________________________Thiskindofclothfeelsverycomfortable.这种布料摸上去很舒适。（襄阳中考）—Howyoursofafeels!—Isitlikeasoftbed?Ioftenlieonitforashortbreakatnoon.A.terrible B.comfortable C.humorous D.dangerous17.Noproblem.用法noproblem①不用谢；别客气；没什么，此处用来回答感谢，相当于“You’rewelcome.”或“Notatall.”。—Thankyouverymuch.非常感谢你。—Noproblem.别客气。②没问题，表示乐于相助或事情容易做。—Couldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?请帮我寄这封信好吗？—Noproblem.没问题。（铜仁中考）—MyEnglishispoor.Couldyouhelpmewithit?—.A.Thankyou B.Me,too C.Noproblem D.Seeyou18.have...incommon的固定搭配have...incommon意为“__________________________”，此处common作名词，意为“有共同之处，有相同的特点”。____________________________________________________他和他哥哥毫无共同之处。（辽宁铁岭中考）根据所给中文完成句子翻译。南北方的菜肴有共同之处。Thedishesinthenorthandsouth__________________________.19.makeup的固定搭配makeup意为“__________________________”，bemadeup是被动语态，意为“被编造”。Don’tmakethingsup.不要再编造了。【拓展】makesb./oneselfup意为“给某人/自己化妆”。____________________________________________.意为“决定做某事”。20.take...seriously的固定搭配take...seriously意为“__________________________”。Ijustjoked,_____________________________________.我只是开玩笑，但是他却当真了。21.none/noone的区别none(没有一个；毫无)即________，也可_______可单独使用，也可和of连用，后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数noneof与不可数名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；与可数名词复数连用作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可用于回答以howmany或howmuch开头的问句noone（没有人）只能___________一般单独使用，不和of连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数用于回答以who开头的问句—Howmanybirdscanyousee?你能看到多少只鸟？—None.一只也看不到。—Wholikesthatplace?谁喜欢那个地方？—Noone.没有人。（武汉中考）—Althoughtheseweregoodstudents,ofthemhadascoreabove60.—Ican’tbelieveit!A.none B.noone C.some D.all22.belike/looklike的区别belike像……一样侧重人的Kateislikehermother.Theyarebothquiet.凯特像她的妈妈。她们两人都很文静。looklike看起来像侧重人的Katelookslikehermother.Theyarebothtallandthin.凯特看起来像她的妈妈。她们两人又高又瘦。（天门中考）—Lindahermother.—Yeah.Bothofthemhavecurlyhairandblueeyes.A.lookslike B.looksat C.looksafter D.looksfor【语法聚焦】复合不定代词常用不定代词的用法：1.复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不能作定语。Thereissomeoneoutsidetheclassroom.有人在教室外。2.以some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词________________________。Somethingiswrongwithmybike.我的自行车有点问题。3.形容词修饰不定代词时，_____________________。Thereisn’tanythingdeliciousintherestaurant.这家餐馆没有什么美味的东西。4.复合不定代词后可加动词不定式，不定式作后置定语。________________________________________________.我们真的有一些事要做。用所给词的适当形式填空【绥化市】用所给词的适当形式填空（词数不限）45.It'svery__________（polite）totalkloudlyinpublic.46.Wemustbecarefultoavoid__________(make)mistakesintheexam.47.Myteacheralwaysgivesmesomeuseful__________(suggest).48.Thisnovelisveryinteresting.Mybrother__________（read）itthreetimes.49.Todayishismother’s__________(forty)birthday.50.Whenheheardthegoodnews,hecouldn'thelp__________(jump).51.Eric,yourcarissodirty.Youshouldgoandgetit__________(wash).【江苏省淮安市】根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。54.Wehaveno_______(choose)buttowaitoutside.55._______(notmake)anynoise.Thebabyissleeping.56.Themanager'sroomisrightabovemine.It'sonthe_______(three)floor.57.TheGreatWallisoneofthe_______(great)wondersintheworld.58.Imissmygrandfatherverymuch.I'mlookingforwardto_______(visit)himsoon.59.Somethingiswrongwithmyfather'snewcomputer.Italwaysturns_______(it)off.60.Socialworkersinourcommunityarepatientenough_______(explain)howtoregisterHuaishangtong(注册淮上通).【盐城市】根据句意用所给单词的适当形式填空。66.Whenmakingafruitsalad,you'dbetter______freshfruit.（choose）67.OnTeachers'Day,studentsusuallymakecardstothank______teachers.（they）68.Tooursurprisean8-year-oldgirlbecamethe________ofthedancingcompetition.（win）69.AndrewwascrazyaboutDIY,buthealwaysmadehisroomdirtyand_______.（tidy）70.Morethanthirtygroupsof_______areworkingtodevelopavaccineforCOVID-19.（scientist）66.Whenmakingafruitsalad,you'dbetter______freshfruit.（choose）【扬州市】根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空。在答题卡标有题号的横线上,写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）46.Thewriteruseshis________lifeinhiswriting.（daughter）47.Itseemedtohimthattruthwouldbe________thanalie.（safe）48.HehasthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhaveever________.（see）49.Itwilltakeabouttwomonthsifeverythinggoes________.（smooth）50.Kateis________alonewhileherkidsatanearbytablearechattinghappily.（sit）【镇江市】根据句意，用括号中所给单词的正确形式或音标提示填空，每空一词。36.Myneighbourisafamous__________(sing)andsheoftendoescharitywork.37.—Whichdogdoyouthinkis__________(lazy),HoboorEddie?—IthinkEddieis.38.Mygrandparentslive__________(peace)inthecountrysideandtheylikethelifethere.39.—Whyisyourdesk__________(tidy)?—BecauseIpaintedapicturetherejustnow.【云南省】根据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空,并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置上。1.（淮安中考）TheGreatWallisoneofthe(great)wondersintheworld.2.（扬州中考）Itseemedtohimthatthetruthwouldbe(safe)thanalie.3.（镇江中考）—Whichdogdoyouthinkis(lazy),HoboorEddie?—IthinkEddieis.4.Mygrandparentslive(peace)inthecountrysideandtheylikethelifethere.5.（荆门中考）Jackfinally(fall)asleepwhenthewindwasdyingdownatmidnight.6.（荆门中考）Altho