2023学年完整公开课版必修 Unit

Unit2Heroes英雄话题之二——环境保护三年4考

[2011浙江]假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写（toscribble）和乱丢垃圾（tolitter）的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100~120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容：1.说明写信目的；2.对这些行为进行批评；3.提出建议。June8,2011DearMr.Headmaster,IamLiYue,astudentfromClass1,Senior2.Iamwritingtodrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviouramongusstudents:litteringandscribbling.Itmakesourschooldirtyandunpleasant,anddoesharmtotheimageofourschool.IalwaysfeelashamedwheneverIseethis.Itisclearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Iwonderiftheschoolcouldplacemoredustbinsaroundandsetupspecificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime,studentsshouldbeencouragedtodevelopgoodhabitsandbetterbehavethemselves.Ibelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwillbecomeamoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.Thankyouforyourconsideration.Yoursfaithfully,LiYue1.文章要点齐全,切合试题要求。本文首先说明写信动机——让校长对校园里同学们随意涂写和乱丢垃圾的行为引起足够的重视;接下来是对这些行为的批评态度；最后提出改进的建议。2.全文行文流畅，使用词汇地道、高级。①高级词汇和短语：drawyourattentionto,improper,image,feelashamed,appropriate,setup,joint,enjoyable②高级句型：...whenever...，Itis+adj.+forsb.todo③语篇过渡语：atthesametime④多样性表达：表达建议a)Iwonderif...b)...shouldbeencouragedtodo...【佳作习得】翻译句子无论你多富有，都要遵守法规。Youmustobeytherulesandregulationshoweverrichyouare.Ⅰ.单词盘点根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇1.______(adj.) 镇静的，沉着的2._____________(n.) 大气；气氛3._______(n.) 意见,看法，主张4.__________(n.) 斗争，拼搏5.______(n.) 竞赛;事件calmatmosphereopinionstruggleevent6._________(vt.) 犯（错误），干（坏事）7._________(adj.)慷慨的，大方的→__________(adv.)慷慨地，宽大地8.________(adj.)暴力的→_________(adv.)猛烈地→_______(n.)暴力9._________(n.)人物；性格→____________(adj.)典型的；特有的10.________(vt.)探测;勘探→__________(n.)探测；探究；探索commitgenerousgenerouslyviolentviolentlyviolencecharactercharacteristicexploreexploration11._____(adj.)平等的→_______(adv.)平等地→_________(n.)相等；平等12._________(adj.)卓越的→__________(adv.)卓越地13._______(adj.)灵巧的,熟练的→_________(adv.)熟练地→_______(n.)技巧14._________(vi.)比赛，竞争→___________(n.)比赛→___________(n.)竞争者，对手→____________(adj.)竞争的；比赛的15._________(adj.)令人惊异的→_______(vt.)使惊异→_________(adj.)惊奇的,吃惊的equalequallyequalitybrilliantbrilliantlyskilfulskilfullyskillcompetecompetitioncompetitorcompetitiveamazingamazeamazed16.__________(adv.)幸运地→__________(adj.)幸运的→________(n.)运气;财富;命运17.________(vt.)促进，提升→___________(n.)提升；晋升；推销18.________(n.)伤害,损害→_______(vt.)伤害，损害→__________(adj.)受伤的19.________(vi.)反应→_________(n.)反应fortunatelyfortunatefortunepromotepromotioninjuryinjureinjuredreactreaction20.________(adj.)残疾的→_______(vt.)使残疾，使不能→________(n.)残疾21.__________(adj.)自信的→___________(adv.)自信地→__________(n.)自信；信任22._______(vt.)钦佩,羡慕→___________(n.)钦佩,羡慕23.__________(adv.)当然；绝对地→_________(adj.)绝对的，完全的disableddisabledisabilityconfidentconfidentlyconfidenceadmireadmirationabsolutelyabsolute【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空①Manyplayers__________inthegame,makingitvery____________.(compete)②Theoldmanwas________intheaccidentandthe_______seemedveryserious.(injure)③AsfarasI’mconcerned,theboyalwaysdoeseverything____________,forheshowsstrong__________indoingeverything.(confident)competedcompetitiveinjuredinjuryconfidentlyconfidenceⅡ.短语回放1.发射，升空 _________________2.分离，把……和……分开 _________________3.因为，由于 _________________4.数百万 _________________5.发出；泄露 _________________6.在我看来 _________________7.为……而斗争/奋斗 _________________liftoffseparatefrombecauseofmillionsofletoutinmyopinionfight/strugglefor8.回头看，回顾 ___________________9.对某人严格要求 ___________________10.结束 ___________________11.独立地 ___________________12.放弃 ___________________13.开始（认识、理解） ___________________14.使从(受伤)中活下来;渡过难关;康复

___________________lookbackbestrictwithcometoanendonone’sowngiveupcometodosomethingpullthrough15.自杀 _________________16.融洽相处；进展 _________________17.参加，参与 _________________18.太，极为 _________________19.别胡扯 _________________20.与……共享 _________________21.过着……的生活 _________________commitsuicidegeton/along(with)getinvolvedwithfartoocomeoffitsharewithlivea...lifeⅢ.句式扫描1.We___________________________________（正在一个乡村车道上行驶，在那时）suddenlyacardrovepastus.2.Jenniferwasinthekitchen,____________________________（双手在面粉碗里）,whenshesawasmallboyclimbintoatruck.3.Brandi,thesisters’mother,taughtherdaughtersathome________（以便，为了）theycompletedtheirhighschoolwhiledevelopingtheirtenniscareers.weredrivingalongacountrylanewhenwithherhandsinabowloffloursothat4.This______________________________________________________________（不仅引起了公众对背部受伤问题的关注，还）encouragedalotofpeoplelivingwithallkindsofproblems.5.___________（这就是如何）Igotinvolvedwithmycharityworktoimprovethequalityoflifeforalldisabledpeople.notonlydrewpublicattentiontoresearchintobackinjuriesbutalsoThisishow6.Butpeopleallovertheworldwillalways________________（把他看作）asuperhero.7.Shealsohasagoodmemoryandtellsme_______________（生活是什么样子）whenshewasyoung.rememberhimaswhatlifewaslike【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子①bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，在那时……仿写：我们正在开会，那时突然失火了。Wewerehavingameetingwhenafirebrokeout.②notonly...but（also）...不但……而且……仿写：电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。Televisionisnotonlyboring,butitalsowastesalotoftime.③Thisishow...这就是如何……仿写：这就是我如何做出这道数学题来的。ThiswashowIworkedoutthemathproblem.核心要点confident三年2考giveup三年2考geton/along三年4考1.calmadj.风平浪静的;镇静的,沉着的

vt.&vi.(使)平静，(使)镇静

n.平静的时刻;宁静的状态be/keep/stay/remaincalm冷静,安静,保持镇静calmoneself 保持镇定calmdown 使平息，使平静①Thestormpassedandtheseawascalmagain.风暴过后，大海又风平浪静了。②Thegirl’swordscalmedhimdownsoon.这个女孩的话使他很快平静下来。【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空calmquietsilentstill风平浪静的,也可指人安静的、镇静的安静的,宁静的(无吵闹声,无噪音的)沉默的(不讲话,沉默不语)静止的,不动的(没有动作,不发出响声)③Everythingwas_______excepttherainbeatthewindow.Thenthemudslide(泥石流)happened,butthestudentsallstoodthere______,notknowingwhattodo.Theteacherkept______whenfacedwiththedangerandledallthestudentstoasafeplace.Buthekept_______whenbeinginterviewed.quietstillcalmsilent2.charactern.人物，角色；性格；汉字（1）bein/outofcharacter 是/不是本来的性格（2）characteristicadj. 特有的，典型的

n. 特征，特点becharacteristicof 表现……的特点， 是……所特有的性格①Theyarethetwomain___________intheplay.他们是该剧中的两个主角。②ItisoutofcharacterforJohntocheatintheexam.对约翰来说，在考试中作弊不合乎他的性格。③It’scharacteristicofherthatshenevercomplained.从来不发牢骚是她的特点。characters【助记】Onemayhaveacharacter,butmayhavemanycharacteristics,allofwhichbuildone’scharacter.一个人可能只有一种“性格”，但可能有多种“特征、特点”，所有这些“特征、特点”便构成了一个人“总的特征、品质”。【真题链接】［2009湖北，25］Hikingbyoneselfcanbefunandgoodforhealth.Itmayalsobegoodfor_______building.A.respectB.friendshipC.reputationD.character【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意：独自远足很有趣，有益健康。也有利于塑造性格。respect尊敬；friendship友谊；reputation名誉；character性格。根据句意选D。3.equaladj.

平等的；相等的；均等的；胜任的；不相上下的

vt.

等于；比得上（1）beequalto 等于;与……相等;胜任beequalin 在……方面相同/相等equalrights 平等的权利（2）Aequal(s)B A和B相等；平等（3）equallyadv. 相等地，相同地；公开地

equalityn. 同等；平等①Notallmenareequalinability.人的能力不都是一样的。②Twoplustwoequalsfour.二加二等于四。③Thetwoboysareequallyclever.这两个男孩同样聪明。④Weallthinkshe_________thetask.我们都认为她能胜任这项工作。isequalto【助记】【真题链接】［2010全国卷Ⅱ,13］Theislandis_______attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.A.partlyB.merelyC.nearlyD.equally【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。句意：因为春秋两个季节的天气都非常怡人，所以这个小岛在这两个季节都很吸引人。partly部分地；merely仅仅，只不过；nearly几乎；equally相等地，相同地。根据句意选D。4.strugglevi.

抗争；努力；挣扎n.斗争，奋斗，拼搏strugglefor 为……而斗争struggleagainst/with 同……斗争struggletodo 挣扎着做，努力做struggletoone’sfeet 挣扎着站起来Itisastruggleforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事很费力①Don’tgiveupwithoutastruggle.不要未经努力就放弃。②Shestruggledtokeepbackthetears.她努力忍住泪水。③Itisastruggleforhimtogetupat6o’clock.让他在六点钟起床太难为他了。④Hehasbeen_____________successinhisbusiness.为使事业成功，他一直努力奋斗着。⑤Hehasbeen____________________illnessforyears.他与疾病已经斗争了许多年了。strugglingforstrugglingwith/against5.competevi.

比赛，竞争，对抗(1)competefor 为……而竞争competewith/against 与……竞争competein 在……方面竞争(2)competitionn. 竞争，竞赛competitorn. 参赛者；对手competitiveadj. 竞争性的①Wecan___________________thebestteams.我们能与最好的队竞争。②About800athletescompeted

infifteenevents.大约有800名运动员参加了15个项目的比赛。③Everyoneinmodernsocietyfaceskeencompetitions.现代社会的每个人都面临着激烈的竞争。competewith/against【助记】Astheyoungestcompetitor,Ihadtocompeteinthewritingcontestagainst20othertopstudentsfortheannualwritingaward.Imustbeverycompetitivetobethewinner.作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中去竞争来争夺这场年度的写作奖；要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。6.fortunatelyadv.幸运地（1）fortunateadj.

幸运的;侥幸的unfortunateadj. 不幸的befortunatein 在……方面很幸运befortunatetodo 做某事很幸运（2）fortunen. 命运，运气；发财，财富makeafortune 发财tryone’sfortune 碰运气havegood/badfortune 运气好/不好①Fortunately,thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted.幸好火势刚起就被立即发现了。②Hedreamedofmakingafortune.他梦想发大财。③We_______________havesuchaknowledgeableteacher.我们有这样一位知识渊博的老师，真是幸运。arefortunateto【助记】Hewasfortunateenoughtomakeafortunebylottery.他很幸运，买彩票发了财。【真题链接】

［2010全国卷Ⅰ，32］ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade【解析】选C。考查时态、语态。根据句中的谓语动词led可知此句叙述的事情与过去有关，故排除A；而makeafortune为固定搭配，意为“发财”，由此可知从句的主语afortune与make之间应是被动关系，要用其被动语态，故选C。was/weretobedone属于过去将来时的一种被动形式。7.injuryn.

伤害，损害；伤口（1）beaninjury/injuriestosb./sth.

危害,损伤某人/某物dosb.aninjury(=doaninjurytosb.)

伤害某人（2）injurevt. 伤害；损害；使……受伤injuredadj. 受伤的①Themansufferedseriousinjuriestothearmsandlegs.这个人的双臂和双腿严重受伤。②Severalpeoplewereinjuredintheaccident.事故中有几个人受伤了。【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空hurtinjureharmwound一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害。名词为hurt,强调伤痛感。比hurt正式，主要指意外事故中受伤，名词为injury(可数)。多用口语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，包括健康、心情、权利、事业等。名词为harm(不可数)。dosb.harm=doharmtosb.常指在战争、打斗中由兵器造成的创伤。名词为wound(创伤/伤口)。thewounded意为“伤员”。③That’ll______herfeeling.④Thebullet_________himintheshoulder.⑤Tom_______hisleginaskatingaccident.⑥Once_______isdonetotheenvironment,ittakesyearstohavethesystemrecovered.hurtwoundedinjuredharm8.involvevt.涉及，参与；包含involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人参与/卷入/陷入……involve(doing)sth. 包含，需要be/getinvolvedin 与……有关；卷入；专心于；致力于be/getinvolvedwith 与……关系密切①Mynewjobinvolvesteaching20childreninaprimaryschool.我的新工作包括在一所小学教20个孩子。②Theschoolofteninvolvesthechildreninallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.学校经常让孩子们参加各种各样的课外活动。③Severalyoungpeople___________________thegangfight.有几个年轻人卷入了这次群体斗殴。got/wereinvolvedin【点津】involved作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及……的，与……有关的”。如:theinvolvedplot复杂的情节；alectureinvolvedinglobalwarming与全球变暖有关的讲座。9.confidentadj.自信的（1）beconfidentof/in/aboutsth. 对……有把握，对……确信beconfidentthat-clause 对……有把握，对……确信（2）confidencen. 信心，自信giveone’sconfidencetosb. 信任,信赖某人with(great)confidence (很有)把握地,(很有)自信地（3）confidentadj. 机密的；表示信任的；获信任的confidentlyadv. 自信地①Heisquiteconfidentthathewillpasstheexamination.(句型转换)=He__________________passingtheexamination.他很有信心通过考试。②Theservantenjoyedhismaster’sconfidence.这个佣人深得主人的信任。③Ihaveknownhimforyears,soyoumaygiveyourconfidencetohim.我认识他很多年了，你可以信任他。isveryconfidentof10.admirevt.钦佩，羡慕；欣赏（1）admiresb.for... 因……而钦佩某人（2）admirationn. 钦佩，羡慕；欣赏anadmirationfor 对……的钦佩inadmirationof 表示钦佩（3）admirableadj.

令人钦佩的，令人赞美的，极好的①I_______________hissuccessinbusiness.我佩服他事业有成。②Youmaynotlikehim,butyouhavetoadmirehiscourage.你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他的勇气。③Theteamfeltgreatadmirationforthecoach.队员们都非常钦佩教练。admirehimfor11.separatefrom把……与……分开①Theteacherseparatedtheboysfromthegirls.老师把男孩子和女孩子分开。【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空separatefromdivideinto指把原来连在一起或靠近的独立的个体分开或隔离。着重指将整体分成若干部分。②Please________thewhiteshirt______thecoloredones.③Mother________thefood_____fourequalshares.separatefromdividedinto【助记】“分离”与“分开”意不同12.letout放出，发出；泄露；出租；（把衣服）放长（大）①Helethimselfoutoftheclassroom.他悄悄地溜出了教室。②Sheletoutasuddenscream.她突然尖叫了一声。③Someonehas_______________.有人已经把消息泄露了。letthenewsout【拓展】letalone 更不用说letsb.alone 不管（惹、碰）某人letdown 辜负④Hecan’tspeakhisownnativelanguagewell,_________Russian.他自己的母语都说不好，更不必说俄语了。letalone13.giveup放弃①Yououghttogiveupsmoking.你应该戒烟。【拓展】理解下列区别并选词填空giveoff 发出giveout 分发;用完；耗尽；发出givein 屈服，让步giveaway 分发；泄露；出卖givewayto 让路；让步；被取代②Heisalways________tootherpeople.他总是向别人让步。③Manycompanies__________alargeamountofmoneytothefloodedarea.许多公司向洪灾地区捐了大量的钱。④Amonthlatertheirfoodsupplies_________.一个月以后他们的食物吃光了。givingingaveawaygaveout14.cometodosomething开始（认识、理解）①Ihopetomakefriendswithyouandcometounderstandeachother.我希望与你交朋友，逐渐相互理解。②Hecametorealizethathewasmistaken.他逐渐意识到他错了。③Howdidyoucometoknowhim?你是怎样认识他的？④Ithinkyouwillcometoenjoyschool.我想你会喜欢学校生活的。【拓展】补全下列“come+prep./adv.”短语come___ 谈到；共计come___ 被提出comeup____ 找到，提出come_____ 偶然遇见come_____ 出来；出版；发(芽)，开花come_____ 发生toupwithacrossoutabout15.pullthrough使从（受伤）中活下来，渡过难关；康复①Atlasttheoldmanpulledthrough.这位老人最后渡过了难关。【拓展】pullapart 拆开pulldown 拆毁（房子）pullin/into 火车进站pullout(of) 火车出站pulloff 脱下pullon 穿上pullup （车）停下选用上面的短语填空②Theworkersare____________thehousesinthestreet.工人们正拆毁街上的房子。③She__________herbootsandthenleftthehouse.她穿上靴子，然后离家走了。④He_________hiscaratthegate.他把车停在大门口。pullingdownpulledonpulledup16.geton/along(with)相处；进展①Howishegettingalongwithhisstudies?他学习上进展如何?②Hegetsalongwellwithhisboss.他和老板相处得很好。【点津】表示“进展”、“相处”得好时，常用well修饰，且要放在on/along与with的中间。【拓展】补全下列get短语get______ 传开getaway______ 被放过getdown___ 开始认真（做某事）get______ 克服getrid___ 除掉get________ 做/办完；通过；接通电话；度过roundwithtooverofthrough17.Weweredrivingalongacountrylanewhensuddenlyacardrovepastus.我们正在一个乡村车道上行驶，正在那时突然有一辆轿车超过我们。句中包括了“bedoing...when...”固定句式，表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……”之意。其中when不能换成while,as,then等。①Wewerediscussingaproblemwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.我们正在讨论一个问题，这时突然有人敲门。【拓展】(1)beabouttodo...when...表示“正要做……时，另一个动作意想不到地发生了”的含义。(2)beaboutto习惯上不再与具体的时间状语（如soon,atonce,immediately,tomorrow等）连用，因为其本身已含有“即将”的意味。②Hewasjustabouttodivewhenhesawashark.他正要潜水时突然看见一条鲨鱼。③判断正误TheairlinerfromBeijingisabouttoarriveat3:00p.m.（）Wewereabouttostartwhenitrained.（）×√【真题链接】［2011浙江，4］OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendaway_______mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.A.afterB.whileC.sinceD.when【解析】选D。考查固定句式。句意：在一个星期五，我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救声。bedoing...when...表示“某人正在做某事时，这时（突然）……”，故选D。【想一想】when用作连词的用法，一直是高考考查的热点之一。除了其常见用法，即作“当……时候”讲，试举出其他含义的用法。【拓展延伸】when用作连词的用法列举：（1）表示过早发生某事，常译为“还没/刚刚……就……”。Ihadjustputdownthereceiverwhenthetelephonerangagain.我刚放下话筒，电话就响了。（2）表示对比，常译为“本该/可……而/却……”。Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.他本可以坐出租车，但他步行。（3）表示条件，常译为“在……的条件下”、“如果”。Whentheweatherisgood,Iusuallygofishing.若是天气好的话，我总是去钓鱼。（4）有时译为“既然”（相当于since）、“考虑到（相当于consideringthat）”。Whydidyouwriteinpencilwhenyouknowyoushouldwriteinink?既然你知道应该用钢笔写，你为何要用铅笔写呢?(1)fight短语的区别(2)berememberedas等类似表达法(3)look短语的辨析1.完成句子(1)Mr.Smith________________ancreativeman.史密斯先生被认为是一个富有创造力的人。(2)He__________/____________/___________/__________asthebestdoctorinthetown.他被认为是这个城镇中最好的医生。isrememberedasisregardedisconsideredislookedonisthoughtof2.用适当的介词填空①Iliketolook_____onmyhigh-schooldays,whichwereamongthehappiestinmylife.②Pleaselook___thewordinthedictionary.③Thepolicearelooking_____therecordsofallthoseinvolvedinthecrime.④Twodogsfight___abone,andathirdrunsawaywithit.⑤Securitychecksareonlyameasureinthefight___________terrorism.backupintoforagainst/with基础指导（二）——并列句与复合句Ⅰ.并列句定义：由and,or,but,while,yet,so,for等并列连词连起来的两个或两个以上互不依从的分句的句子叫并列句。并列连词分类：1.单纯连词：and,both...and...,notonly...butalso...,aswellas等。2.转折连词：but,yet,still,while等。3.选择连词：or,not...but...,either...or...,neither...nor...等。4.推理连词：so,therefore,for等。①Hewasill,buthewenttoschool.他病了，但他还是去上学了。②Helosthisjob,sohewasunhappythesedays.他失业了，所以他这些天不高兴。提醒：“祈使句+and/or(otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。③Tryitagain,andyouwillsucceed.再试一次，你会成功的。Ⅱ.复合句定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句从属于主句，不能独立存在。从句分类：根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。1.主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。Whenweshouldstartisstillaquestion.我们应该什么时候开始仍然是个问题。2.宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.他们认为电脑最终会取代人类。3.表语从句：在句子中作系动词的表语的句子,它位于主句中的系动词之后。Thatiswhyhedidnotcometoschoolyesterday.那就是他为什么昨天没来学校的原因。4.同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队赢了的消息。5.定语从句：在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Thisisthemissingboy(that/who/whom)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这是我们这些日子一直在寻找的失踪的男孩。6.状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。1）时间状语从句通常由when,as,while,after,before,assoonas,since,till(until),whenever等引导。Whenyoufinishthework,youmaygoouttoplaywithSam.当你完成作业的时候，你可以和Sam出去玩。2)地点状语从句通常由where,wherever等引导。

Iwillneverforgettocatchthethiefwhostolemynecklacewhereverhemaybe.不管他在哪里我都不会忘记要去抓那个偷我项链的贼。3)原因状语从