【高二 拓展阅读-生物】Mysterious Moray Eels

MysteriousMorayEelsWithalong,slipperybodyandtwosetsofsharp-toothedjaws,themorayeel(海鳝)soundsalotlikeaseamonster.Morayeelsarepartlydangerousandpartlyfascinating,soletslearnaboutthisaliencreatureofthesea.Amorayeelisatypeoffishwithalongnarrowbodyandalongdorsalfinrunningdownitsback.Theylookalittlelikesnakesbecausetheylackfinsonthesidesoftheirbodies.Oneamazingtraitofthemorayeelisitstwosetsofjaws,onesetrightinfrontandasecondsetinitsthroat!Afterthemorayeelsnags(钩破)itspreywithitsfrontsetofjawsthesecondsetofjawsgrabsthefoodandpullsitdowntowardthestomach-justlikeascarysciencefictionmonster!Andthemorayeeldoeslookscary,especiallywhenitsticksitslargeheadoutofaholewhileopeningandclosingitssharp-toothedjaws.Sometimes,amorayeel’sjawmovementsaren’tforcatchingprey,butforkeepingwaterflowingoveritsgills(鱼腮)soitcancaptureoxygentobreathe.It’sstillagoodideatokeepyourfingersaway，though！Themorayeel’stinyeyesaren’tgood，andtheeelmightmistakeyourfingersforatastysnackifyou’renotcareful.Themorayeelusuallyfeedsatnight.Itsgreatsenseofsmellhelpsitfindfish，squid，octopus（章鱼），mollusks（软体动物），andcrustaceans.Oftenithidesinthecracksandcrevicesofrocksandcoralreefs.Whenpreycomesnear，itstrikes。Didyouknowthatsometimesmorayeelsworktogetherwithgroupers（石斑鱼）tohuntforfish？Moraysstartle（使受惊）preyfromsmallcrevicesandtightspaces，andboththegroupersandmorayeelssnatch（抓住）theirprey.Thisisprettyamazingbecauseit’stheonlyinstanceofinterspecieshuntingamongfish。Largemorayeelshaveveryfewnaturalpredators.Smallerones，however，mustwatchoutforothermorays，barracudas（梭子鱼），sharks，andgroupers.Therearemanyspeciesofmorayeels，andwhileallarecarnivorous（meat-eatersnotallhavesharp，pointedteeth.Forexample，thezebramoray’steethareflat，perfectforcrunchinghard-shelledcrustaceans。Thesmallestmorayeelspeciesislessthanafootlong，andthelargest（thegiantmoray）canreachupto12feet.Thelargestpopulationsofmorayeelslivearoundtropicalcoralreefsbutsomealsoliveinestuaries，whereriversmeetthesea.

ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.Whatdoesamorayeellooklike?A.ItlookslikeajellyfishB.ItlookslikeaseacucumberC.ItlookslikeasnakeD.Noneoftheabove2.Whichofthefollowingisanamazingtraitofthemorayeel?A.ItslongnarrowbodyB.ItstwosetsofjawsC.ItslongdorsalfinrunningdownitsbackD.Itsfinsonthesidesofthebody3.Whendoesthemorayeelusuallyfeeditself?A.AtnightB.InthemorningC.IntheafternoonD.Atnoon4.What’samazingaboutmorayeels’huntinghabits?A.TheyonlyeatfishB.TheyareneverhuntedbyothermoraysC.TheysometimescooperatewithgroupersD.Theyrelyontheirsenseofsmelltohunt5.Wherecanwefindthelargestpopulationsofmorayeels?A.InthedeepoceanB.AroundtropicalcoralreefsC.Inestuaries,whereriversmeettheseaD.InthearcticVocabulary基础词alien adj.完全陌生的；外国的,异族的；外星人的n.外国人；外星人 英fromanothercountryorsociety；foreign 记词根记忆：al（其他的）+ien其他地方的→外国的 搭analienculture一种异域文化narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的v.变狭窄 搭anarrowpassage一条狭窄的通道fiction n.小说；虚构或幻想出来的事 英athingthatisinventedorimaginedandisnottrue 记词根记忆：fict（做）+ion（表名词）造出的故事→小说 搭sciencefiction科幻小说tasty adj.美味的 记来自taste（n味道） 搭tastyfood美味的食物tight adj.严密的；紧的；牢的；绷紧的；亲密的,紧密的；（控制）严格的 记联想记忆：关得太紧（tight）了,连光（light）都透不进来圈 搭tokeeptightcontroloversth对某事严加控制crunch v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼n.嘎吱嘎的声音；压碎声 英crushingsth.noisilywhenyouarechewingit 搭crunchsth.up彻底压碎、碾碎tropical adj.热带的记 联想记忆：trop（转）+ic+al（…的）→太阳回转的地方→回归线附近的→热带的搭tropicalstorm热带风暴tropicalforest热带森林Vocabulary进阶词dorsal adj.背部的,背脊的 记词根记忆：dors（背）+al（…的）→背部的fin n.鳍；鳍状物；（飞机等的）翼 搭tailfin尾鳍；尾翼squid n.鱿鱼,枪乌贼crustacean n.甲壳类动物adj.甲壳类的记 联想记忆：crust（外壳）+acean（看作ocean,海洋）→海洋中的有壳动物→甲壳类动物crack n.裂缠,裂纹v.（使）破裂,断裂；（使）发出爆裂声；猛击；崩溃,瓦解 例Thereisacrackinthecup.杯子上有一道裂纹。crevice n.缺口,裂缝 记词根记忆：crev（裂开）+ice（表名词）→裂缝coral n.珊瑚（虫）adj.珊瑚色的,红色的记 联想记忆：cor（看作core,核心）+al→珊瑚是海洋生态的核心之一→珊瑚（虫）reef n.礁,暗礁