2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练含答案

2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（二）

（A）

Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,

butisiteverfunwhenyou*reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneof

thosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasother

travelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.

Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore—whetherit*sasupermarketoratiny

shop一isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirown

meals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagricultural

andcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,the

seafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!

Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,

whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,fbr

example,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplastic

fbrweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingis

prepackagedinalayerofplastic.

Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,and

sometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.Ihadafurther

discussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagof

crunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled"spicy”wouldbetoo

hotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.Helaughedandweendeduptalking

aboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfbrtenminutes.

It'sinterestingthentoehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethrough

neweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplays

sayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeybenefitofvisitingforeigngrocerystores?

A.Learningtocookforeigndishes.

B.Makingfriendswithlocalpeople.

C.Buyingcheaperfoodandsouvenirs.

D.Knowinglocalpeopleandthecountry.

2.Whatdoestheauthorshowbymentioningsomecountriesinparagraph3?

A.People'sspeciallifestyles.B.People'sshoppinghabits.

C.People'senvironmentalawareness.D.People'spackagingmethods.

3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.SriLankansknowalotaboutfood.

B.Grocerystoresaregoodsocialplaces.

C.Grocerystoresvaryindifferentcountries.

D.SriLankansliketogivestrangerssuggestions.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)

Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2O5O.FirstofalhitseemsthatTVchannels

willhavevanishedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma^menu^andapute

rwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.By2050,music,films,programmes,

newspapersandbookswilletousinthesimilarway.Inmanyplaces,agricultureis

developingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesa

lotofwater.Therefbre,therecouldbeseriousshortagesofwater.Somescientistspredict

thatwatercouldbethecauseofwarsifwedon'tactnow.

Inthefuture,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Cars

willhaveputerstocontrolthespeedandtherewon*tbeanyaccidents.Today,many

carshaveputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,theputerwillcontrol

thecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Also,by2050,spaceplaneswillflypeoplefrom

LosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.

Somebigpaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,

andwork24hoursaday.Theyarealsoeasytocontrol.Andtheyneverarguewithpeople.Theyc

anbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces-factories,schools,offices,hospitals,

shopsandhomes.

Scientistswillhavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Scientistshavealready

producedclonesofanimals.By2050，scientistswillbeableto

produceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylookandhowtheybehave.Scientistswillbe

abletodothesethings,butshouldthey?

l.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"vanished^underlinedinParagraph1?

ASettled.B.Disappeared.

C.Decreased.D.Spread.

2.WhatdoesParagraph4intendtoshow?

A.Robotshavemanyadvantages.

B.Robotshavemuchtobeimproved.

C.Robotsworkforhumansforfree.

D.Robotscanworkindifferentplaces.

3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?

AHeislookingforwardtousingcloningtechnology.

BHeprobablydisagreeswiththeideaofhumancloning.

CThescientistshavealreadydiscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.

DThescientistswillfacemanydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A・High-techCars

B.IsCloningReallyGood?

C.LifeintheFuture

D.AreYouReadyfortheFuture?

(C)

Thescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyingin

Australia'snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodof

about6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfish

arrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearriving

fishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.

Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffish

returntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupportthe

oceanenvironmentandsealife."Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryif

theyhavehealthyfishpopulation/9thescientistswroteinthereport.

SteveSimpsonsaidthat"'healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.^^They

containthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfish

listenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs

“beeghostlyquiet“whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedto

human-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthat

driveshrimpandfishaway.

MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirst

steptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfish

thatcleanthereefandcreatespaceforcoralstoregrow,99hesaid.TimGordonsayshe

believessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajor

destructioninoceansacrosstheworld.

UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsarea

promisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalmunitylevel.Buthenotedthat

otherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionand

overfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,we

needmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.

1.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?

A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.

B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.

C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.

D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.

2.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?

A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingparisons.

C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned“inPara.4mean?

A.DestroyedB.AffectedC.SupportedD.Attacked.

4.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?

A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.

B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.

C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.

D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.

(D)

Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismother

tookhimtothedoctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossible

treatmentsfailed,doctorsremovedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.

Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeeling

theworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.

ThismethodenabledBentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parked

cars,garbagecans,andsoon.Hewasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoff

objectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthereflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhis

surroundings.

Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatforahuman,butthousandsof

blindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwritten

aboutsinceatleastthe1940s,whentheword"echolocation"wasfirstinventedina

sciencearticletitled"EcholocationbyBlindMen,Bats,andRadar.”

Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthe

surroundingswithone'sears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.

MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justas

sharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,which

allowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.

InBen*scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor

processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlistening

information,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwaves

inshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearingprovesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainarea

aparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.

1.HowdidBen“see”afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.

C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"feat”inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.

3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?

A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.

D.Manbeeslearnedbyaskingquestions.

4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?

A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.

C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.

（E）

Remotetechnologieswillplayanincreasingly-vitalroleindrivingtheeducation

industry,astheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病）forcedtheworldtogoremote,

accordingtoanindustryinsider.

"Remotetechnologyiscontinuingtoempower（授权）onlineeducation,withlarge

migrationsonline.Withthecontinuousapplicationofnewtechnologymethodssuchas

bigdataandartificialintelligence,students9learningouteshavebeensignificantly

improved,saidWangYan,chiefarchitectureofficeratZuoyebang（作业帮）.

"Technologyandoutesaretwomajorchallengesthatpaniesfacewhenthey

transformfromofflinetoonline.Theeducationindustryisfacingthelargesttraffic

challengeever,^^Wangsaid.

Toupgradetheinfrastructure（基石出设施）,Zuoyebanghascontinuedtoupgradeits

technology,changingfromitsoriginalsinglecloudservicetomultiplecloudservices

andfrommostlyusingthird-partylivebroadcastsystemstonowrelyingonan

independentsystem.

“Foronlineclasses,onlylive-streamingcanachievearealinteracting（交互式的）

effect,whichcangetbothstudentsandteachersmoreinvolved.Itisimpossibleto

achievesuchoutesthroughrecordedandbroadcastlessons/9headded.

TheBeijing-basedpanydevelopedapletesetoflive-streamingarchitecturebased

ontheZRTCagreement.Itcanfullysupportclasses,includingone-on-onetutoringand

six-to-sixsmallinteractiveclasses.InthefiveweeksfromFebruary3toMarch9last

year,Zuoyebanghashelped275teachersbring1,832classestomorethan33million

primaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.

1.Whichtechniqueismostbeneficialtostudentswhohaveonlineclasses?

A.broadcastlessonsB.live-streaming

C.face-to-facelessonsD.recordedlessons

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.Remotetechnologyisakeydriverfbreducation.

B.Thepanyhasupgradeditstechnologytoovereitschallenge.

C.Thepanythathaslivestreamingarchitecturecanonlysupportclassicalbig

classesteaching.

D.Zuoyebanghashelpedthousandsofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsto

haveonlineclasses.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsRemotetechnologies?

A.WorriedB.NegativeC.OpposedD.Confident

参考答案：

(A)：DCBC

(B)：BABC

(C)：CBCA

(D)

1o根据第二段中“Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor

feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.(但

在他七岁的时候，他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术：他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音，

听着声音的回音)”可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通过回声定位周围环境。故选D。

2o根据画线词后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen

did”可知，回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能，但成千上万的盲人已

经完善了这项技能，就像Ben一样。由此推知，画线词意思是“技能”。A.Skill.技能；B.Task.

任务；C.Sense.感觉；D.Invention.发明。故选A。

3。根据第一段的"ForBen,visionwasgoneforever"（对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了）

和最后一段中"InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor

processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,

andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在

Ben的例子中，他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果，Ben有了更

多的神经元可用来处理听到的信息，这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声

波）”可知，Ben虽然失去了视力，但发展出了回声定位的技能，所以他的故事告诉我们“天

无绝人之路”的道理。故选C。

4o根据倒数第二段"MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto

circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto

reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.（大自然让我们的

大脑充满了适应环境的灵活性。就像锋利的牙齿和快速的腿有助于生存一样，大脑的重置能

力也是如此，它允许学习、记忆和死亡发展新技能的能力）”结合文章讲述了Ben两岁时摘

除了双眼，结果他在七岁时发展出了回声定位的技能。大自然让我们的大脑充满了适应环境

的灵活性，Ben的超级听力证明了一个更普遍的规律：一种特殊感官在大脑中占据的区域越

多，它的表现就越好。可推知，文章可能选自“人类生物学”专栏。故选B。