四六级考试汉译英练习

四六级考试汉译英练习汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义

2.翻译

确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。常用翻译方法增词法减词法转换词性巧用英语中的词缀增词法增加原文中无其形而有其义的词汇，目的有二：使译文语法正确；使译文明确表达原文所要表达的意思。使译文语法正确：通常所需增添的词是冠词、时态词，语态词，连词，概括词使译文明确表达原文所要表达的含义：要增加一些解释性的文字，将原文‘暗含的意思表示出来1）要有把握，就要有准备，而且要有充分的准备Toensuresuccess,onemustbeprepared,andfullypreparedatthat.2）她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛Shecoveredherfacewithherhand,asiftoprotecthereyes.3）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whileconceitmakesonelagbehind.4）天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那里过夜Asitwasgettingquitelate,wedecidedtostopthereforthenight.5）谁都知道战场是艰苦的Everyoneknowsthatlifeonbattlefieldsisveryhard.6）看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。TounderstandthefoodsituationinChina,wemusttakeafullriveofheragricultureandtounderstandtheagriculture,wemustfirsttakeafullviewofthefoodmarket.减词法1)由于中英文表达习惯不同，在中译英时，为使译文正确，符合英语表达习惯，要省略汉语原文中需出现的词不译，而不能逐词死译。中国足球的落后状态必须改变The(state/conditionof)backwardnessoftheChinesefootballmustbechanged.人群渐渐静了下来Silence(gradually)cameoverthecrowds.2)汉语的范畴词（如任务，工作，情况，状态，问题，局面，态度，情绪等）在英语中往往省略，翻译这些词时要善于运用英语中的抽象词，常用范畴词有：谦虚态度modesty

发展过程development

稳定性stability

灵敏度sensibility无知表现innocence

残暴行为brutality同化作用assimilation防暴措施anti-violence同情心理sympathy

悲伤情绪sadness利用外资形势转好Utilizationofforeigncapitaltookaturnforthebetter.当今世界，任何国家都难以在封闭的状态下得到发展Intoday’sworld,nocountrycandevelopinisolation.3)汉语中的一些修饰语译成英语时可能要省略。如上例“封闭的”已经隐含在英语表达“isolation”中科学技术日新月异Scienceandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.我们满怀信心，昂首阔步迈向21世纪Weareadvancingconfidentlytowardsthe21stcentury.转换词性英汉两种语言有着不同表达习惯，就用词角度而言，汉语中动词用得多，而且两个以上动词连用的现象，即连动式十分常见；而英语中，名词、介词、形容词和副词的表达力则是很强。我们在做中译英时要运用词性转换这个手段，使译文符合英语表达习惯。看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.V.->n.她转身蹦蹦跳跳地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.这条大街向西延展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬了上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然冲着一大片绿色草地中止了。Thestreetrunswestward,acrossagreatblackbridge,downahillandupagain,bylittleshopsandmeat-markets,pastsingle-storiedhomes,untilsuddenlyitstopsagainstawidegreenlawn.V->prep他们怀疑他是否能负担得起Theyaredoubtfulwhetherhecanaffordit.温哥华盛情招待来自全世界得游客和客商Vancouverhasbeenhospitabletothetouristsandbusinessmenfromallovertheworld.得知那些地区遭受地震，全国人民深表关切

Peoplearealldeeplyconcernedatthenewsthattheregionhasbeenstruckbyanearthquake.V->adjN->v这厂产品得主要特点是经久耐用Theproductsofthisfactoryischaracterizedbytheirdurability.如果孩子管教不好，他们的行为就不好Ifthechildrenarebadlybroughtup,theywillnotbehavewell.他给我的印象是个老实人Heimpressedmeasanhonestman巧用英语中的词缀

1）表示能力的“得”字句，用“-able,ible”这消息靠得住吗？Istheinformationreliable?这些星星是肉眼看得见的。Thesestarsarevisibletothenakedeyes.2）over-表示“过多”从北方来到深圳的旅客，下飞机后第一件事情就是脱掉过多过厚的衣服。PassengersfromthenorthChinatoShenzhenwillfirstlytakeofftheiroverdressedclothes.她加班了5个小时Sheoverworkedfor5hours.3)–free表示“无”“免费”温哥华是天然不动港Vancouverisanaturalice-freeport.他真希望不承担这些职务，过悠闲的生活Hehopestobeduty-freeandleadakindofleisurelife.4）out-表示“超过”丈夫比妻子多活了三年Thehusbandoutlivedhiswifefor3years.他已长大，超过了迷恋流行音乐的年龄Hehasoutgrownthepassionforpopmusic.汉译英中结构checklist倍数增减表示法时态被动语态情态动词虚拟语气不定式分词动名词非谓语动词名词从句定语从句状语从句比较级最高级倒装句强调句一、倍数增减的表示法

1)ForceN1_____________(比力N2大2.5倍).is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN22)Thissubstance_(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).

reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone3)Theearth_____________(是月球大小的49倍).is49timesthesizeofthemoon4)Thelandlord_______(想将租金提高三分之一).wantstoraisetherentbyathird

5)They_______________(计划将投资增加一倍).

plantodoubletheirinvestment

倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than)

倍数+as+形容词/副词+as

倍数+名词

动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数

Double/triple+名词

二、时态

1)Bequick,___(否则等我们到达教堂婚礼都结束了).ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch2)Whenshegothome,__________(孩子们已经睡着了).

thechildrenhadfallenasleep

3)WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,_______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).

mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside

4)I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning

5)Doyouoftengoonholiday?_______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).

No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday将来完成时

过去完成时

将来进行时

现在完成进行时

Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了

现在完成时要用持续性动词才能接一段时间

Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years

三、被动语态

Theblackboardandchalk____(正在被电脑和投影机所取代)

isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector2)Thebook_______________(到今年年底就将已出版).

willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear

3)Computermodels_____(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式)

canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork

4)Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,_______________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated5)______(必须立即采取有效措施)toeliminatesandstorms.

Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately

被动语态的时态（现在进行时，将来完成时等）汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态

四、情态动词

Thephoneisringing,_____(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).

butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome

2)Ican’tfindmysunglasses.___我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday3)Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight.____________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).

Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible4)It’sapity.___(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的)

Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony

5)___（其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的);mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty情态动词可以表示可能性

“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断

“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思

“情态动词needn’t+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”

五、虚拟语气

Iwish__________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会).

IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung2)Ifonly_______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)!

Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.

hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable

3)——Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?——I’dratherhe____(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰).

painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations

4)It’shightimethat________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).

measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams

5)Hughusuallytalks_____(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的).

asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly6)Weinsistthat________(让杰克立刻进医院)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow

7)Itwasadvisedthat_______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店).

moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea8)Hisproposalwasthat_______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题).

they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem

9)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat_____(取消期中考试).

themid-termexams(should)becancelled10)

Itisridiculousthat_______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).

we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining11)Itisessentialthat_______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency

12)Hewalkedlightly________(以免惊醒婴儿).

lestheshouldawakenthebaby

13）Butforhishelp,_______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).

wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice

14)Iusedmycalculator;_______________(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion15)WereIinyourplace,_______________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).

Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation16）Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_______________(这项法案早就通过了).thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier

17)Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,_____________(人类的继续存在就会有危险).thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy

Iwish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

Ifonly引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与

Iwish…基本相同

wouldrather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实

It’s(about/high)time后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了

asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句,主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式

表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote

在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见有：advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等

lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虚拟

butfor，without经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语

在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件

六、不定式

Itwasagreatachievement______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months

2)Itisnecessary_______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest

3)Itisgenerous_______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea

不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等

有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等

4)

Theteacherdecided_______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass5)Mr.Greenwaswondering_______________(是否去看望在法国的儿子).

whethertovisittheirsoninFrance

能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish不定式的否定形式是在to前加not疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等

6)Thegardener_______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon

7)We_______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart

能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,inform,invite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注：划线的动词后面的不定式不带to

8)Wehopetohavemoreopportunities______(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice

9)Thebadweather_______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair

10)Theenvironmentalistsareagainst______________(在郊区建一座核电站的决定)

thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs

不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语：ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等

11)SallyRidewasthefirst___(探索外部空间的美国妇女).Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace12)Theyliftedarock____________(结果砸了自己的脚).onlytodropitontheirownfeet13)Shedoesn’tlike_______________(被当作客人).tobetreatedasaguest14)Iamsorry_______________(占用了您这么多时间).tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime

15)Ihappened___________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).

tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin

由only,last,next，序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语

不定式作结果、原因状语

不定式的被动形式，完成时，进行时

16)Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you’dbetter_______________(到校园书店买旧书).gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks

17)Wedidnothing_______________(除了整天打桥牌).butplaybridgethewholeday18)Weweremade_______________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).

towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom不带to的不定式

当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时，不定式要保留to

七、分词ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard_______________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).“Happybirthdaytoyou”sunginItalian2)Thecars_______________(停在消防通道的)willbeticketed.parkedinthefirelane3)Thewarwentonforyears,_______________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople

4)Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_______________(将平均产量提高了15%).raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent

5)

Einsteinwatchedthetoyindelight,_____________(想推导出它的运转原理).

tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple6)_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook

7)_______________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.

Deeplymovedbytheboy’sdeeds8)_______________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend9)_______________(好久没有收到父母的来信了),hewasworriedaboutthem.

Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime分词作宾语补语，catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语

分词作定语，结果、原因、方式状语，伴随状语

分词的否定形式;现在分词的完成式

八、动名词

_______________(每天洗冷水澡)doeshimalotofgood.

Takingacoldbatheveryday

2)Theytriedtoavoid_______________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn’tliketodo3)Developingvarietiesisthekeyto___________(使我们的产品进入国际市场).gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket

4)Itisnouse_______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).

cryingoverspilledmilk5)Hedenied_______________(偷看了同桌的试卷).havingpeekedathisneighbor’stestpaper

6)Wecongratulatedheron______________(被提升为经理).

beingpromotedtomanager动名词作主语,动名词作介词的宾语，动名词作动词的宾语,下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式：admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,can’thelp,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,can’tstand,stop,suggest)动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：beworth,havedifficulty(in),itbenogood/use/worthwhile,therebenoneed/nopointin,how/whatabout,what’sthepointof,what’stheuseof动名词的完成式,被动式九、非谓语动词用法区别

Successmeans___________(非常努力地工作)

workingveryhard

2)Johnmeant_______________(开车去那儿，但他的车出了故障).

todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown3)Hejumpedintothepooltosavethechild_______________(结果却摔断了自己的腿).onlytobreakhisownleg4)Hejumpedfromtheburninghouse,_______(摔断了双腿)

breakinghislegs5)Hewashappy_______________(看到父母很健康).toseehisparentsingoodhealth

6)_______________(看到父母安然无恙),heissuedasighofrelief.Seeinghisparentssafeandsound

7)_______________(跟随着它的脚印),thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.Followingitsfootprints8)Thepop,_______________(后面跟着两个保镖),cametomeethisfans.

followedbytwobodyguards十、名词从句

_______________(最让我不解的)wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.Whatconfusedmemost2)__________(这么做是故意的)becameobvious.Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose3)Don’tputofftilltomorrow_____(今天能做的事)

whatcanbedonetoday4）Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty________(主席会同意他的提议)

thatthechairmanwouldagreetothisproposal

5)_______________(她是否喜欢那个礼物)isnotcleartome.Whethershelikesthepresent

6)Mymainproblemrightnowis______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款)

whetherIshouldaskforanotherloan

7)Italldependson_____(他们是否会支持我们).whethertheywillsupportus8)Youhaveyettoanswermyquestion_____________(我是否可以指望你的投票).whetherIcancountonyourvote十一、定语从句

Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).thehousewhereLuXunwasborn2)Theoldladydied_____(在她儿子到达的那天)onthedaywhenhissonarrived3)Thisis___________(我赞成这一改革的理由).thereasonwhyIaminfavorofthisreform

4)LetABCbe_______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).

atrianglewhosethreesidesareofunequallength

5)Someoftheroadswereflooded,_______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult6)Heintroducedmetohisstudents,____________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生)mostofwhomwereEnglishmajors7)_____________(众所周知),waterisaliquid.Asisknowntoall十二、状语从句

_______________(不管我们谈论什么),Jimbringspolitiesintothediscussion.Whateverwetalkabout

2)______________(不管哪一方获胜),Ishallbesa