外研版八年级下复习要点

初二英语下复习要点Module1一、重点单词和词组1.tidyup收拾整理eg:Theclassroomisveryuntidy,wemusttidyitup.2.haveacollectionof收集eg:Hehasaverygoodcollectionofforeigncoins.3.takeup占用、花去eg:Theworktookupallhistime.4.allthetime一直、总是相当于always5.be/becomeinterestedin对、、、感兴趣interest(1)n兴趣可数n复数interests(2)使、、、产生兴趣,常用interestsbinterestingadj.有趣的用来修饰物或人，主语可是物interestedadj.感兴趣的，主语一般是人，指人对某事物惹兴趣。eg:Thestoryisveryinteresting.We’reinterestedinit.Thisisaninterestingstory.Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson,developyourinterestsandhelpyoulearnnewskills.爱好能使你成长，培养你们的兴趣，并帮助你们学到新的技能。6.attheendof在、、、结束时，在、、、的尽头7.hobby可数n其复数hobbiesEg:Myhobbyiswriting.Herhobbiesarecollectingfansandplayingtheviolin.8.happen发生vi相当于takeplace.它的用法如下：〔1〕表示“某地/时发生了什么事〞常用“sth+happen+地点/时间〞这一结构来表达，此时主语应是事物。Eg:Thestoryhappened/tookplacein2003.这个故事发生在2003年。Anaccidenthappenedinthatstreet.那条街上发生了一起事故。(2)表示某人出了某事〔常指不好的事〕要用“sth+happen+tosb〞这一结构来表达。Eg:Whathappenedtoyou?你怎么啦？Acaraccidenthappenedtoherthismorning.今天上午她发生了交通事故。9.①howoften多久一次用来对频度副词的提问，频度adv如：always;often;usually;sometimes;hardly;seldom;oneaweek;twiceaday;everyday;everyweek(year…..).②howlong多长时间，用来对for+一段时间，since+过去时间点或since从句提问。③howfar多远，用来对如twentymiles,fivekilometers等距离提问。④howsoon过多久〔才〕。用来对如in+一段时间提问。⑤howmuch“多少〞，对不可数n量的提问；“多少钱〞对价钱的提问。⑥howmany“多少〞。对可数n量的提问。Eg:HowoftendoyouwatchTV?Threetimesaweek.HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?Since2006.Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Abouttenmiles.Howsoonwillyourfathercomeback?In2days.HowmuchdoesitcosttoflyfromBeijingtoHaikouoneday?About1,000yuan.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?10.comeout出版、发行、出来、花开Themagazinecomesoutonceamonth.这个杂志一个月出一期。11.forexample用于对前面的描述举例说明。suchas意为：“像、、、这样的；诸如、、、之类的〞引导同位语。Languages,suchasEnglishandFrench,arenotdifficulttolearn.语言，如英语、法语，并不难学。I’vevisitedmanycities,forexample,NewYork,ChicagoandBoston.12.aswellas既、、、又、、、；不仅、、、而且、、、；除、、、之外〔也〕。用于肯定句中，起连接作用，重在强调其前面的人或物，连接两个主语，谓语动词与aswellas前的主语保持一致。notonly…butalso…不仅、、、而且、、、重在强调butalso之后的人或物。notonly…butalso…连接主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致，即采用就近原那么。Eg:She’scleveraswellasbeautiful.她不但漂亮而且聪明。She’snotonlybeautifulbutalsoclever.YouaswellasIarestudents.(谓语动词与aswellas前的主语保持一致)NotonlyyoubutalsoIamstudents.(谓语动词与butalso后的主语保持一致).13.inone’sfreetime.在某人的空闲时间里。14.asaresultof=becauseof由于、、、的结果。asaresult=so结果、因此eg:Hewaslateforschoolasaresultoftheheavyrain.因为雨大所以他上学迟到了。15.spend/pay/cost/take的区别:(1)spendspentspent人作主语，常用于“人+spend+sometime/money+on+sth〞或是“人+spend+sometime+(in)doingsth〞结构中。Eg:Ispent30yuanonthebook.Hespendsanhouronhishomeworkeveryday.Mybrotherspendstwohours(in)playingthepiano.(2)paypaidpaid人作主语，用于某人为某物付款，它的句型是：“人+pay+somemoney+forsth〞相当于“人+spend+somemoney+on+sth〞Eg:Ipaid30yuanforthebook.=Ispent30yuannthebook.(3)costcostcost物作主语，常用于sth+cost+sb+some+money.某物花某人一些钱。It+costsb+somemoney+todosth.Eg:Thebookcostme30yuan.这本书花了我30元钱。=Ispent30yuanonthebook.我花下30元钱买下这本书。=Ipaid30yuanforthebook.买下这本书我付了30元钱。(4)taketooktaken一般指花费时间，常用于“Ittakessbsometimetodosth〞相当于“人+spend+sometime+indoingsth〞.Eg:Ittakesmybrother2hourstoplaythepiano.=Mybrotherspendstwohoursinplayingthepiano.16.manyother+可数n(pl)意为“许多其它的〞anyother+可数n(单)用于肯定句，表示“任何一个〞anyother+可数n(复)用于否认句和疑问问，表示“其他的、、、〞eg:Ihaveseenmanyotheranimals.我见过许多其他的动物。Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.他比班上任何一个男孩都高。Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?你还有其他的问题吗？17.lookafter=takecareof照顾18.inlife一生中19.Weshouldn’tspendallourtimeonourfavoritehobby.我们不应该把我们所有的时间花在我们最喜欢的爱好上。20.Ioftenlistentohimplaythepiano.我经常听他弹钢琴。注：listento的用法，listentosbdosth后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。表示“听某人做某事〞，强调动作已完成。类似用法还有这些动词如：see/hear/watch/notice/lookat接sbdosth21.success(n成功)successful(adj成功的)successfully(adv成功地)succeed(v成功)succeedindoingsth成功地做某事。Module21、重点语法：宾语从句(1)Iboughtabookyesterday(用一个单词充当宾语)(2)Iwanttogotothecinema.(用不定式充当宾语)(3)Ihopethathewillcomebacktomorrow.(用一个句子充当宾语)概念：在一个复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，那么这个句子叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句注意三个问题：〔一〕宾语从句的引导词，〔二〕宾语从句的语序〔三〕宾语从句的时态。I、宾语从句的引导词分为三类：A、引导陈述句用thatB、引导一般疑问句用jf或whether.〔注意〕以下几种情况常使用whether而不用if.(A)与ornot连用时用whether,构成whether…ornot.(B)在介词之后用whether〔C〕在不定式前用whether.C、引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。如:what,whattime,who,why,when,where,how,howmany+n(pl),howold,howoften,howlong,howsoon,howfar等。II、宾语从句的语序。在宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问从句一律使用陈述语序，即用“主句+连接词〔引导词〕+主语+谓语+宾语+其他〞III、宾语从句的时态。A、如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。Eg:Idon’tknowifitwillsnow(snow)tomorrow.B、如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，从句必须用过去相应的某一种时态。一般现在时一般过去时，现在进行时过去进行时，一般将来时〔will+V原〕过去将来时〔would+V原〕，现在完成时〔have,has+V过去分词〕过去完成时〔had+V过去分词〕Eg:IaskedhimA.whichonedidhelikebestB.whichonehelikesbestC.whichonehelikedbestD.whichonedoeshelikebestC、如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象、客观性动作等，不管主句是什么时态，从句时态习惯上用一般现在时。Eg:Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldus.Myteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.D、如果主句的谓语动词是情态动词could/wouldyoutellme/us时，或wouldlike用于请求，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。Eg:1.“Wheredoesshelive?〞Couldyoutellme?Couldyoutellmewhereshelives?2.Couldyoutellme?A.howdidMarycomehereB.whereMarylivesC.whenMarywouldbeback.分析：此题主句中的could不视为can的过去式，而表示委婉的语气，从句时态不受主句的约束，A项语序不正确。C项根据实际情况该用一般将来时。答案为B练习题：〔1〕We’dliketoknowornot.A.whetherwillthesportsmeetingcomeB.ifwillthesportsmeetingcomeC.whetherthesportsmeetingwillcomeD.ifthesportsmeetingwillcome(2)Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowatthedoorsoloudly.(3)“Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?〞MrZhaoaskedLucy.MrZhaoaskedLucyherhomeworkyet.二、重点用语：1.CouldIspeaktosb,please?请问，我可以跟某某通吗？2.--Who’scalling,please?请问，你是谁？--It’sSally.我是Sally。3.Thisis、、、speaking.我是、、、，请讲。4.Isthat、、、speaking?你是某某吗？5.MayIhelpyou?我可以帮助你吗？6.That’sverykindofyou.你真是太好了！7.Holdtheline,please.=Holdon,please?请稍等一下。8.Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.很抱歉，他现在不在这儿。9.Sorry,I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.很抱歉，恐怕你打错了。10.--CanItakeamessage?我可以捎个口信吗？takeamessage捎口信，leaveamessage留口信—No,thanks.I’llcallbacklater.不，谢谢，过会儿再打过来。11.That’sOK./Itdoesn’tmatter没关系。三、重点词组及句型1.person(人n.)----personal(adj.个人的)Iamgoingtoaskyousomepersonalquestions.2.infact事实上3.rightnow=atthemoment现在，目前，此刻justnow刚刚，用于一般过去时，just刚刚，用于现在完成时。4.acoupleof一些，几个eg:I’lljusthaveacoupleofmooncakes.我就吃几个月饼吧。5.“in+一段时间〞，常用一般将来时，表示“一段时间之后〞，对它提问用howsoonTheywillcomebackinacoupleofweeks.—Howsoonwilltheycomeback?他们几个星期之后回来。6.Whatdoesitfeellike?(中国让你)感觉如何？—It’saveryexcitingplace.它是一个令人兴奋的地方。注意：Whatdoesitfeellike?用来询问对方对某件事物的看法,WhatdoesitfeelliketobeatschoolinAmerica?在美国上学让你感觉如何？另外：WhatdoyouthinkofChina?=HowdoyoulikeChina?=WhatdoesChinafeellike?也可以用来询问他人对某事物的看法。7.Goodluck!是祝愿用语。意为“祝走运，祝顺利〞后跟人时，要用介词to,后跟物时，要用with.,Goodlucktoyou!祝你好运！Goodluckwiththeconcert!祝音乐会顺利。luck(n.运气)lucky(adj.幸运的)luckily(adv.幸运地)unlucky(adj.不幸运的)unluckily(adv.不幸运地)Luckily,hecaughttheearlybus.幸运的是，他赶上了早班车。8.Whydon’tyoubringallyourfriendsforavisittoRadioBeiing?---OK你为什么不把你所有的朋友带来参观北京电台？Whydon’tyou/we+动词原形、、、？=Whynot+动词原形、、、？为什么不做某事？它表示提建议。9.maybe用于句首，意为“也许、大概〞，相当于perhapsmay+(动词原形)/be用于句中，may意为“可能〞Maybeheisathome.(也许他在家里)=Hemaybeathome.〔他可能在家里〕Maybeheknowsit=Hemayknowit.也许他知道这件事。10.〔1〕sometime指“〔过去或将来〕某个时间〞用于一般过去时或一般将来时。(2)sometime指“一段时间〞(3)sometimes指“有时、偶尔〞，相当于attimes.(4.)sometimes“几次〞，相当于afewtimes或severaltimes常用于现在完成时中。如：IhavebeentotheGreatWallsometimes.11.whether…ornot是否12.bytheway顺便问一下，顺便说thewayto、、、去某地的路inthisway用这种方式onone’swayto+地点名词去某地的路上+地点副词〔如：home,there,here,abroad〕inaway在某种程度上ontheway在途中13.waitforsb/sthAreyouwaitingforme/thebus?waitforsbtodosth等某人做某事SallyiswaitingforChenhuantoarrive14.IhaveheardthatyoulikeEnglish.我听说你喜欢英语。I’vegottoknowthatEnglishisreallyuseful.我逐渐认识到英语很有用。15.feellike感觉；想要。其中like为介词，后接n或v-ing.Eg:Thechildrenfeellikeeating(eat)icecream.16.faraway遥远的eg:Myoldschoolwasfaraway.befarfrom离、、、远Myhomeisfarfromtheschool.17.alone/lonely区别：alone指一个人处境“孤单〞，通常不带感情色彩；lonely强调内心的“孤单〞，带有一定的感情色彩，alone既可作adj,也可作adv.lonely为adj.Eg:Heisalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.Mygrandmotherlivesalone.我的奶奶单独一个人住。Thereisalonelyvillagethere.那里有一个孤寂的村庄。18.beafraidtodosth害怕做某事I’mafraidtogooutatnight.=I’mafraidofgoingoutatnightbeafraidofsth害怕、、、Iamafraidofdogs.beafraid+从句恐怕、、、I’mafraidthatIcan’tgowithyou.19.makefriendswithsb和某人交朋友befriendlytosb=bekindto对某人友好20.hearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事hearsbdosth〔经常〕听到某人做某事，或听见某人做某事全过程,强调动作已完成。Eg:---DoyouoftenhearJohn(sing)inhisroom?---Yes,Listen!Nowwecanhearhim(sing)inhisroom.练习：Iheardthebaby________afewminutesago.A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.wascrying21.worryabout=beworriedabout.worryabout表动作beworriedabout表状态worryvt.使某人担忧，常用worrysb.Eg:Youdon’thavetoworryaboutme.你不必为我担忧。Sheisworriedaboutherson.她在为她儿子担忧.Don’tworry.不要担忧。Whatworriesyoumost?什么使你最担忧。22.Everytime/Eachtime引导一个时间状语，意思是“每当、、、的时候〞Eg:Everytime/EachtimeIaskyoutodosomething,youalwayssayyou’retoobusy.每次我让你干事，你总是说太忙。EverytimewewenttoLondon,italwaysrained.每次我们去伦敦，天总是在下雨。EverytimeIheardtheotherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.每次我听到其他同学又说又笑，我就感到心碎。23.talkto/withsbaboutsth就某事与某人交谈.Eg:Icouldn’ttalktoanyoneaboutmyproblem.我不想跟任何人交谈我的问题。Oneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends.24.asusual像往常一样Isatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.我像往常一样无精打采地坐在课桌旁。25.atthatmoment在那时26.enter=comeinto进入eg:Atthatmoment,aboycameintotheclassroom.在那时，一个男孩走进教室。27.Helookedatme,withoutaword,smiled.他看着我，一句话也不说，只是微笑。without为介词，意思是“没有，不〞，后接n/v-ing。而with那么表示“具有，带有〞二者都可表示一种伴随情况。Eg:Hehurriedoffwithoutsayingaword.他没说一句话就匆匆离开了。Hewaslookingatmewithasmileonhisface.他正面带微笑看着我。28.smileatsb向某人微笑laughatsb嘲笑某人Eg:Iaskedhimwhyhesmiledbuthecouldn’tremembersmilingatme.我问他为什么笑，但是他不记得朝我笑过。Don’tlaughatanyonewhoisintrouble.不要嘲笑处在困境中的人。29.daybyday一天天地yearbyyear一年又一年onebyone一个接一个。Eg:Thesituationchangesdaybyday.形势天天在变化。Youmaycomeinonebyone.你们可以一个一个地进来。30.closeadj近的，亲近的、亲密的v关闭closedadj关着的Eg:Myhomeisclosetotheschool.我的家离学校很近。Hesitsclosetome.他坐在我的旁边。We’reclosetoeachother.我们相互很亲密。Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.一天天地，我与班内的每个人都越来越亲近。Annclosedherbookandstoodup.Ihaveacoldnow.Imustkeepthewindowclosedwhilesleeping.现在我感冒了，我必须在睡觉时把窗子关着。31.matterv要紧n事情问题---I’msorrytotroubleyou.---Itdoesn’tmatter.What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=Whathappenedtoyou?你怎么啦？Module3一、重点语法：to+v与v-ing(一)跟不定式作宾语的动词有：1.wanttodosth想做某事2.wouldliketodosth想要做某事3.hopetodosth希望做某事4.plantodosth方案做某事5.decidetodosth决定做某事6.agreetodosth同意做某事7.learntodosth学会做某事8.offertodosth主动提出做某事9.seemtodosth似乎/好似做某事10.refusetodosth拒绝做某事〔二〕必须跟v-ing形式作宾语的动词有：1.enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事2.finishdoingsth做完某事3.practicedoingsth练习做某事4.keepdoingsth一直不停地做某事5.giveupdoingsth放弃做某事6.minddoingsth介意做某事7.missdoingsth错过/思念做某事8.suggestdoingsth建议做某事9.bebusydoingsth忙于做某事10.beworthdoingsth值得做某事11.planondoingsth方案做某事12.spendsometimeindoingsth花时间做某事〔三〕既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语的动词，有时候要注意它们意义的区别：1.stoptodosth停下来干另一件事.stopdoingsth停止正在干的事情。Eg:Youlooksotired,whynotstoptohavearest?Whentheirteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking.2.remembertodosth记住要去做某事rememberdoingsth记得曾经做过某事eg:Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyougoout.Iremembermeetingheratapartyonce.我记得曾经在次聚会上见过她。3.forgettodosth忘了去做某事〔此事未做〕forgetdoingsth忘了做过某事Eg:I’msorryIforgottobringthebooktoyou.Iforgotclosingthedoor.4.liketodosth(具体地某次)喜欢做某事likedoingsth平时喜欢做某事。Eg:Helikesswimmingbuttodayhedoesn’tliketoswim.他喜欢游泳，但是他今天不喜欢游泳。5.trytodosth努力做某事，尽力做某事trydoingsth试着做某事I’lltrytoimprovemypronunciation.我将努力改善我的发音。Whynottryknockingatthebackdoor?为什么不试着敲后门呢？6.hearsbdosth听见某人做某事全过程hearsbdoingsth听见某人正在做某事7.seesbdosth看见某人做某事的全过程seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事8.goondoingsth继续做同一件事goontodosth继续做另一件事(四)既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语的意思区别不大的动词有：1.begintodo/doingsth开始做某事2.starttodo/doingsth开始做某事3.continuetodo/doingsth继续做某事4.hatetodo/doingsth讨厌做某事5.lovetodo/doingsth喜爱做某事。〔五〕注意need的特殊用法1.need作情态动词(1)need作情态动词，无人称或数的变化，后接动词原形，多用于否认句和疑问句中。Eg:Youneedn’tworry.

你不必担忧。〔2〕由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定答复常用must或haveto，否认答复常用needn’t/don’thavetoeg:NeedIanswerthequestion?我需要答复这个问题吗？---Yes,youmust./Yes,youhaveto.是的，你必须答复。---No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto不，不必。(3)由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定答复用must，否认答复用needn’t或don’thavetoEg:MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?现在我必须完成我的家庭作业吗？Yes,youmust/haveto.是的，你必须。No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.不，你不必。2.need作行为v，有人称和数的变化，后接n/to+v原形，也有时态的变化。其肯定用need/needs/needed,其否认用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/+need.其疑问借助动词do/does/did.Eg:Sheneedssomehelp.Idon’tneedtoseethedoctor.3.当need的主语为物时，其用法为“物+need+V-ing〞Eg:Theseflowersneedwatering.Theshoesneedmending.Theshoesneedtobemended.4.当need的主语为人时，其用法为“人+need+todosth〞二、课文中重点单词，词组及句型。1.We’dliketothankyoufortakingusaroundRadioBeijing.(1)wouldlike“想，想要〞相当于want.其用法如下：A.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?Yes,please.(No,thanks.)B.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithme?Yes,I’dliketo.(No/Sorry,but….并说出理由)C.wouldlike+neg:Iwouldlikesomebananas.wouldliketodostheg:Iwouldliketohaveacupoftea.wouldlikesbtodostheg:Iwouldlikehimtostayathome.(2)thanksbfor…表示“因为某事感谢某人〞后面可跟sth或是doingsthEg:Imustthankyouforyourhelp.我必须感谢你的帮助。Thankyouforhelpingme.感谢你帮助了我。〔3〕take/showsbaround+某地带某人参观某地。Wouldyouliketotake/showmearoundyournewschool?2.Ienjoyshowingvisitorsaround.我喜欢带着游客四处参观。3.Remembertolookoutfortheredlight.lookoutfor留神，注意。Eg:Remembertolookoutforthetrafficlightswhenyou’redriving.开车的时候记住要注意交通信号灯。4.mentionv.提及Didhementionitlastnight?Don’tmentionit.不客气。〔本句表示答复别人的感谢，同样的用语还有That’sallright./You’rewelcome./Notatall./Withpleasure.〕(C)---Thankyouforyourhelp.---.A.OKB.Thesametoyou.C.Don’tmentionit.D.Allright.5.OnRadioBeijingeveryoneneedstospeakEnglishwell.Sokeepstudying.在北京播送电台，每个人都必须英语讲得好，所以要一直不停地学习。6.Wedecidewhattolistentoandwhotosee.注意:动词不定式与疑问词连用作动词的宾语。Eg:Ican’tdecidewhichcoattobuy.7.Me,too!我也是。常常用在口语中，表达自己的情形也和对方所提及的一样。Eg:Mydaughterhasbeentomanycountries.---Me,too!---Ienjoyreadingbooksathomeduringweekends.---Me,too!8.preparefor=getreadyfor=bereadyfor为某事作好准备beready准备好,be(get)readytodosth.准备做某事，乐意做某事Motherispreparingforsupper.9.win与beat区别:winwonwonwinnerwinningbeatbeatbeatenwin后面的宾语常用match,game,prize等，如果表示打败某人，某个队，某个国家就是动词beat.Eg:(A)LiLeiJimandthefirstprize.A.beat,wonB.won,beatC.won,won10.scoren成绩，分数v.得分Eg:What’sthescoreoftheChina-Englandmatch?中英比赛的比分是多少？EnglandscoredtwogoalsandChinascoredthreesothescoreofthematchis2:3.11.Howdoessbfeelaboutdoingsth?某人对做某事感觉如何？Eg:---HowdoesChenHuanfeelabouttakingthemaround?---Heenjoysdoingit.12.agreewithsb/sb’sidea/whatsbsaid同意某人/某人的观点/某人所说的话agreetotheplan/arrangement同意某项方案、安排agreeonsth在某事上取得一致意见agreetodosth同意做某事13.lookdownat低下头看着某人Eg:Themanagerlookeddownatmewithoutsayingaword.经理低下头看着我，一句话也没说。14.job可数n“一份工作〞可以说ajob.work不可数n“一份工作〞要用apieceofworkEg:Icanfindapart-timejob.我能找到一份兼职的工作。I’mbusytoday,becauseIhavealotofworktodo.15.attheageof在、、、岁时，相当于whensbwas…yearsold.Eg:IbegantolearnEnglishattheageoffive.=IbegantolearnEnglishwhenIwasfiveyearsold.16.asksbforsth向某人要某物eg:asksbforhelp/advice/money向某人寻求帮助/征求意见/要钱askforajob求职Eg:Whenwe’reintrouble,weshouldaskforhelp.当我们陷入困境时，我们应该寻求帮助。17.inperson亲自Eg:Iwillgotothemeetinginperson.我将亲自赴会。18.seem似乎，看起来。系动词：用法结构如下：〔1〕seem+n(2)seem+adj(3)seem+tobe(do)sth(4)Itseems/seemedthat…Eg:Heseemsanhonestman.他看起来是个老实的人。Itseemedthattheywerespeakingtomeinperson.就好似他本人在亲自和我交流。Heseemshappy.Heseemstohaveconfidenceinhimself.他好似很自信。19.learnabout听说，eg:OnedayIlearntaboutIntemetradio.20.closedown停止播音，关闭BBCclosesdownat12:45tonight.Mosttelevisionandradiostationsclosedownat12:00pm.21.lookoutof朝、、、外看Eg:Listentomecarefully.Don’tlookoutofthewindow.22.by:介词通过、、、方式在、、、旁边Eg:Peoplefromallovertheworldmakefriendsbywritingletters.HemakesalivingbysellingfruitLastnightwecampedbyasmalllake.23.glass作“玻璃〞讲，为不可数n,glass作“玻璃杯〞讲为可数nAglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。24.begin…with…以、、、开始、、、Eg:Allradiopresentersbeginworkwiththesamequestion.所有播音员都是从答复这个相同问题开始工作的。25.Heworksinradio.他从事播音。26.sound,noise与voice区别:(1)sound泛指任何声音，不管其上下，是否悦耳等。〔2〕noise表示“噪音，喧闹〞，指的是人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声，不可数名词。〔3〕voice用于人时，指说话声、歌唱声或发笑的声音。Eg:Iheardthesoundofrunningwater.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Iheardsomestrangenoiselastnight.Thereisalotofnoisehere.Pleasespeakinaloudervoice.27.Justtellmewhatyouhadforbreakfast.只需告诉我你早餐吃了什么？Ihadaglassofmilkand2eggsforbreakfast.Module4一、重点语法：if从句即if引导的条件状语从句。if从句表示“如果〞，可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开；也可以放在主句之后，不用逗号。Eg:Ifyouwanttogo,pleasetellme.如果你想去的话,请告诉我.=Pleasetellmeifyouwanttogo.再如:Ifthegreenlightisn’ton,waitaminute.如果绿灯不亮,就等一分钟.=Waitaminuteifthegreenlightisn’ton.学习if从句主要注意主从句时态的要求.(1)主句是祈使句,从句用一般现在时,eg:A.Ifyouwanttoturnontherecorder,pressthebluebutton.B.Ifyouwanttoplayback,pressthegreenbutton.C.Iftheredlightdoesn’tcomeon,waitfor30seconds.(2)主句的谓语动词是“情态动词+动词原形〞时，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时。Ifyoudon’tcometomorrow,wecanholdthepartylater.明天如果你不能来，我们可能迟一点举行聚会。Ifthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.红灯亮时，车辆必须停。(3)主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。Ifyoueatalotofsugar,youwillputonweight.如果你吃许多的糖，你将会长胖。〔4〕主句谓语用一般过去时，从句也用一般过去时。二、本模块中重点单词、短语及句型1.borrow指主语“把东西借进来〞，常与from连用，即：borrowsthfromsb,lend指主语“把东西借出去〞，常与to连用，即:lendsthtosb=lendsbsth如：Weoftenborrowallkindsofbooksfromtheschoollibrary.---Bob,mayIborrowyourMP4?---Sure.butyou’dbetternotlendittoothers.borrow与lend是短暂性动词，假设表示借一段时间用keep,如：Youcankeep(借)thisbookfor2days.2.turnon/switchon翻开，接通〔电灯、自来水、煤气、无线电等〕turnoff/switchoff关掉、切断turnup开大点、调高turndown开小点、调低3eon常用在口语中，在不同的句子中，有着不同的含义，如：Iftheredlightdoesn’tcomeon,waitforthirtyseconds.如果红灯不亮，等三十秒钟。Comeon!We’llbelate.刚快，我们要迟到了。Comeon,guys,Youcandoit.加油,小伙子们，你们一定行！Oh,comeon.Stoptalkinglikethat喔，算了吧,别那样说。4.Ifyouwanttosendyourrecordingbyemail,connecttheprinterto/withthecomputer.如果你想通过电子邮件发送录音的话，把录音机与你的电脑连接起来。5.playback指的是“重新播放〞IrecordedMike’svoice,thenplayeditbacktohim.我把麦克的声音录下来，然后放给他听。6.another/other/others/theother/theothers的区别：〔1〕another指〔三者或三者以上中的〕另一个，表示“又一、再一〞，后接单数名词。Canyougivemeanotherone?〔2〕other意为“其他的〞，other+复数名词，指“其他的人或物〞Whatotherthingscanyousee?〔3〕others表示泛指，相当于other+复数名词，指“其他的人或物〞，它一般与some连用，构成“some…others….〞一些、、、另一些、、、〔4〕theother表示特指，有限定的范围,与单数n连用，指两者中的“另一个〞与one连用构成“one…theother…(一共两个)“一个、、、另一个、、、〞Eg:TherearesometreesontheothersideoftheriverIhavetwobrothers,oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.〔5)theothers表示特指，相当于theother+复数n,指其余的人或物.Eg:Therearetwentyteachersinourschool.SomeofthemcanspeakEnglishandChinese.SomecanspeakJapaneseandChinese,theotherscanonlyspeakChinese.4.choosechosechosen选择choosetodosthEg:Hechosetotakethebusthere.5.Ifyourmobilephonedoesn’thaveenoughmemory,saveitonyourcomputer.如果你的内存不够，把它保存在电脑上。6.Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphotowithyourmobilephone.如果一条蛇咬了你，用拍一照片。7.save动词〔1〕营救，挽救saveone’slife救某人的命〔2〕节约，节省Pleasesavewater.请节约用水。〔3〕储存Hesavedupalotofmoney.Thedoctorsavedthousandsofpeople’slivesallhislife.8.Hepickedupadishfromthetableandsuddenlyasnakeappeared...bithimonthehand.他从桌上拿起一个盘子，突然一条蛇出现了、、、并咬到了他的手。〔1〕pickupV+adv短语，跟n，既可以放在它们中间，也可放在它们之后，跟代词宾格，须放在它们中间。picksthup意思是“捡起、拾起〞picksbup意思是“接某人〞。Yourbookisonthefloor,pickitup,please.(2)appear(vi.出现)disappear(vi.消失)含有“动词+宾语+身体某一部位〞句型〔3〕bithimonthe含有“动词+宾语+身体某一部位〞句型bitherintheleg咬伤她的腿hitmeintheface打了我的脸hithimonthehead打了他的头9.afewdaysearlier几天前afewdayslater几天后10.climboutof从、、、里爬出来11.staycool保持冷静12.Doctorscouldn’tsaywhatwaswrongbecausetheydidn’tknowwhatkindofsnakeitwas.(注意宾语从句的语序和时态)13.thenextday第二天14.suggestdoingsth提议做某事suggeststhtosb向某人提出、、、的建议suggest+that从句从句中用动词原形或should+动词原形eg:Damingsuggestsgoinghome.大明提议回家。Isuggestapicnictotheclass.我向同学们提议去野餐。Isuggestthatweshouldgotothecinema.我建议我们去看电影。15.Wouldyouliketosendatextmessagetome?给我发个短信息好吗？16.lookfor寻找，侧重于“找〞的动作和过程find找到，发现，侧重于找的结果findout找出，查明，指通过一定的努力，查出事情的真相lookup指在〔网上/字典/词典/参考书上〕查找eg:Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcouldn’tfindit.Thewindowisbroken.Trytofindoutwhobrokeit.IdecidedtotakeaphotoofitandlookitupontheInternet.Module5一、重点语法：if引导的条件状语从句——if从句一般现在时，表示未来的一种条件，从句中可以加tomorrow，nextweek等时间状语，主句用一般将来时，例如：Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillbelateforschool.IfIplaygamesonit,itwillgowrong.二、重点单词、短语、句子的用法。1.telltoldtoldtellsbsth=tellsthtosb告诉某人某事tellsbaboutsth把关于某事的情况告诉某人tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要做某事tellsbthetruth告诉某人实情tellsbastory=tellastorytosb给某人讲故事2.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasewelcomeourstarmusician.3.haveachancetodosth有时机做某事bychance偶然4.can/could/beableto区别：can表示现在具备的一种能力。could表示过去的一种能力，后接动词原形。beableto可用于任何时态中，表现在的能力用〔am/is/are〕ableto+动词原形。表示过去的一种能力用〔was/were〕ableto+动词原形。表示将来的能力用willbeableto+动词原形。表示已经具备的能力用have/hasbeenabletodosthEg:Shecould/wasabletoplaythepianoatageoffour.Idon’tthinkanyonewillbeabletodothat.5.alltogether一起Let’ssingalltogether.6.attheendof〔1〕在、、、结束时〔2在、、、的尽头intheend最后，终于=atlast/finallyeg:Iwillwaitforyouattheendofthestreet.我会在街道尽头等你。Thebookwillcomeoutattheendofnextmonth.这本书下个月将出版。Iwonthefirstprizeintheend.我终于获得了一等奖。7.Ratheryouthanme.你行，我可不行.RatherAthanB表示“B肯定不会做A将要做的事。〞Eg:----I’vegottohavetwoteethnextweek.下一周我要拔两颗牙齿----Ratheryouthanme.你行，我可不行。8.beat/win区别:beat指打败某人/某对/某个国家，win指赢得某场比赛，后接比赛名词，如：game/competition/match9.warnsbabout/ofsth提醒/警告某人注意某事warnsbnottodosth警告某人不要做某事warnsbtodosth提醒某人做某事eg:Thegovernmentwarnedusof/abouttheearthquake.政府提醒了我们要注意地震。Hewarnedmetokeepquiet.他招呼了我们要保持安静。Wewarnthemnottoplayontheroad.我们警告了他们不要在马路上玩耍。10.toomuch/toomany区别:toomuch+不可数n或toomuch后不接词，修饰动词，toomany+可数n(pl)意为“太多的、、、〞。muchtoo+adj,意为“很，十分〞Eg:Wehavetoomuchworktodoeveryday.我们每天有太多的工作要做。SheaskedmeifIwaspracticingtoomuch.她问我是否练习得太多。Therearetoomanypassengersonthetrain.火车上有太多的人。Thesweaterismuchtoolargeforme.这毛衣对于我来说很大。11.That’sashame/pity.Whatashame/pity!It’sashame/pity.Eg:---Ihavelostachancetowinthematch.---!A.welldoneB.GoodluckC.WhatapityD.Congratulations12.Ifshegoestoadifferentschool,Iwon’tseemybestfriend.13.Ifshebecomesastar,herparentswillbeproudofherandwon’tsendheraway.主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时+that…+that…意思为“如此、、、以致、、、〞so+adj/advso+adj+a/an+n(单)so+many/few+n(pl)so+much/little+不可数n+that…意思为“+that…意思为“如此、、、以致、、、〞such+a/an+adj+n(单)such+adj+n(pl)/不要数neg:Youplaysowell.sobeautiful.sobeautifulaflower.=suchabeautifulflowersomany/fewflowers.That’ssuchapity!Sheissuchalovelygirlthateveryonelovesher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthateveryonelovesher.Itissuchfineweatherthatwewanttogooutforawalktoday.今天的天气如此的好，以致于我们都想去散步。15.Butmyfatherhaswarnedmenottousehiscomputerforplayinggames,becauseheusesitforhisjob.(1)warnsbnottodosth警告某人不做某事warnsbof/aboutsth提醒某人注意某事使用某物做某事使用某物做某事(2)usesthtodosthusesthfor+n/doingsth16.gowrong出毛病，出故障go为系动词，意为变得.Eg:gobad变坏17.WecopiedDaWei’sgameontothecomputer.18.beout外出eg:Iwasoutwhenhecalled.19.takeoff起飞、脱下、卸掉、拿走、拔Eg:Theplanehastakenoff.飞机已起飞了。It’sveryhot,pleasetakeoffyourcoat.天气很热，请脱下你的大衣。Whenwefinishedplayingthecomputergame,wetookitoffthecomputer.当我们玩完这种游戏之后，我们把它从电脑中拔出来。20.makesure的意思是“弄清楚，查明，确保，确认〞后面可接介词of或about,也可以跟that从句。Eg:Iwillmakesureoftimeandplace.Imadesurethatmyteacherwouldn’tchooseme.21.ShouldIoffertopay?我应该主动提出赔偿吗?(1)offersbsth给某人某物==offersthtosbEg:Iofferedherabeautifuldress.我给了她一件漂亮的衣服.(2)offertodosth主动提出做某事Eg:Sheofferedtohelpmewithmymaths.她主动提出帮我学数学.22.You’vemadetwomistakes.makeamistake/makemistakes“犯错误〞makethes23.beangrywithsb对某人生气beangryat/aboutsth因某事而生气beangrytodosth因为…而生气eg:HewasangrywithLucybecauseshebrokehiscup.他生Lucy的气是因为她打碎了他的杯子.Hewasangryat/aboutwhatshesaid.他因她说的话而生气.Hewasangrytohearthat.他因为听到那件事而生气.24.atleast至少atmost至多atlast最后Eg:Itwilltakeyouatleast25minutestogetthere.25.afterall毕竟终究别忘了Don’tbeangrywithhim..Afterall,heisonlyachild.26.help(v.n.帮助)----helpful(adj.有帮助的)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事helpsbout帮助某人克服困难withone’shelp在某人的帮助下can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事27.insteadof“代替，而不是〞.后接名词、代词、动名词instead单独使用，常用于句末、句中，假设用于句中，常用逗号与后句隔开。eg:Ihavec