汽车专业英语读译教程 第3版 课件 23-U14TA Electric Vehicles

UNIT14

ELECTRICANDAUTONOMOUSVEHICLES

TEXTA

ElectricVehicles

PROFESSIONALENGLISHTEXTA

ElectricVehicles

本次课学习内容本次课学习目标掌握ElectricVehicles的英文专业词汇训练快速阅读能力，提高阅读速度categorize[ˈkætəɡəraɪz]v.将…分类;把…加以归类charge[tʃɑːdʒ]v.充电;增压n.电荷，充气tailpipe[ˈteɪlpaɪp]n.排气尾管conventional[kənˈvenʃənl]adj.传统的;常规的propulsion[prəˈpʌlʃn]n.推动力;推进mandatory[ˈmændətəri]adj.强制的;法定的hybridization[ˌhaɪbrɪdaɪˈzeɪʃn]n.杂化；杂混；杂交NEWWORDSPHRASESANDEXPRESSIONSpowertrain动力总成;传动系统;动力传动系统batteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)纯电动汽车（BEVs）hybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs)插电式混合动力电动汽车（PHEVs）hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs)混合动力电动汽车（HEVs）fuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)燃料电池电动汽车（FCEVs）regenerativebraking再生制动batterypacks电池组fuelefficiency燃油经济性mechanicalcoupling机械联轴器；机械耦合；机械联接planetarygear行星齿轮ClassificationofElectricVehiclesElectricvehiclesarebroadlycategorizedintofourgroupsbasedontheelectricdesignoftheirpowertrains,namelybatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs),plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs),hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs),andfuel-cellelectricvehicles(FCEVs).·BatteryElectricVehicles(Fig.14-1).BEVs,alsoknownaspureelectricorfullelectricvehicles,arepoweredbyanelectricmotoranddonotemployaninternalcombustionengine.ThebatteryofaBEVischargedprimarilybythepowergridandpartiallyviaregenerativebraking.Eventhoughairpollutionoccursduringelectricitygeneration,BEVsdonothavetailpipeemissionsand,therefore,theyarealsocalledzero-emissionvehicles.Inordertofacilitatereasonabledrivingranges,theBEVstypicallyhavethelargestbatterypackscomparedtoothermodels.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-1AbatteryelectricvehicleElectricVehicles·Plug-inHybridElectricVehicles.PHEVsemploybothanelectricmotorandaninternalcombustionengine,whichcanusegasolineordiesel.Typically,PHEVbatteriesaresmallerthanthethoseofBEVs,becausetherequireddrivingrangeismostlysupportedbyinternalcombustionenginesandtheircombineddrivingrangeishigherthanthethatofBEVs.Asaresult,themainadvantageofPHEVsisemployingbothenginestypes,whichhelpstheconsumersovercomerangeanxiety.InPHEVs,theelectricmotorisusedmostlyinurbanenvironmentswheredrivinginvolvesfrequentstops.Ontheotherhand,aninternalcombustionengineisusedwhenthebatteryisdepleted,duringintensivecoolingorheating,orduringrapidacceleration.ElectricVehicles·HybridElectricVehicles(Fig.14-2).HEVsareprimarilypoweredbyinternalcombustionengines,whichuseconventionalfuelsourcessuchasgasanddiesel.Thesevehiclesarealsoequippedwithbatterypacks,whicharechargedbyregenerativebrakingsystemsandaremainlyusedtoenhancethefuelefficiencyofthevehicle.ThefirstgenerationofHEVswaspresentedtothemarketin1997,whenToyotaintroducedthePriusmodel,andtwoyearslaterHondaintroducedtheInsightmodel.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-2Ahybridelectricvehicle·Fuel-CellElectricVehicles(Fig.14-3).FCEVsusefuelcells,typicallyhydrogen,topowertheironboardelectricmotorsorchargetheirstorageunits.Fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEV's)alsofallundertheallelectricvehicletypeshencehasalsosimilarpowertrainlikeBEVbutitsenergysourceisafuelcellstack.ThepropulsionsysteminFCEVsismoreefficientthanthoseintheconventionalICEVs(internalcombustionenginevehicles),andtheydonotemitanypollutants.FCEVscanbefueledwithin10minutesandtheycandriveupto300miles.Overthelastfewyears,anumberofcarmanufacturersandgovernmentagencieshavesupportedresearchanddevelopmentactivitiesthatacceleratefuel-celltechnology.UnlikeBEVsandPHEVs,theFCEVsdonotusepowergridtochargetheirbatteries.Also,theironboardbatteriesarefairlysmallinsizecomparedtothoseofBEVs,PHEVs,andHEVs.ThedisadvantagesofFCEVsincludedhavinglimitednetworksofhydrogenfuelingstations,andthetechnologybeingstillinitsinfancystages.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-3ChevroletSequelfuel-cellelectricvehicleElectricVehiclesClassificationofHybridDriveAccordingtothelayoutoftheprimemovers,hybriddrivesof

hybridelectricvehiclescanbedividedintoserialhybrid,parallelhybridandpower-splithybrid(alsocalledseries-parallelhybrid)driveasfollows.·Serialhybriddrive(Fig.14-4).Inthissystem,thereisnomechanicalcouplingbetweeninternalcombustionengineandwheels,amechanicalgearboxisnotmandatory,acombustionengine,inconjunctionwithagenerator,functionssolelyasaelectricityproducerandtwoelectricmachinesarenecessary.ElectricVehiclesFig.14-4SerialhybriddriveElectricVehicles·Parallelhybriddrive(Fig.14-5).Amechanicalgearboxisrequired.Bothdrivesareconnectedtothemechanicalgearbox,andonlyoneelectricmachineisnecessary.Fig.14-5ParallelhybriddriveElectricVehicles·Power-splithybriddrive(Fig.14-6).Thecombustionenginepoweroutputissplitintomechanicalandelectricpaths,andaplanetarygearset(summarisinggear)isrequiredforthesplittingandjoiningofthemechanicalandelectricpowerpaths.Atleasttwoelectricmachinesareneeded.Fig.14-6Power-splithybriddriveElectricVehiclesPHEVmodelscanalsobecategorizedbytheirlevelsofhybridization.·Mildhybrid.Amildhybrid,alsocalledamicro-hybrid,usuallyusesa42-voltelectricalmotorandbatterypackage(36-voltbatteries,42-voltcharging)andisnotcapableofusingtheelectricmotortopropelthevehicleonitsownwithouthelpfromtheinternalcombustionengine.Amildhybridsystemhastheadvantageofcostingless,andsaveslessfuelcomparedtoafullhybridvehicleand.Thefuelsavingsforamildtypeofhybriddesignisabout8%to15%.·Mediumhybrid.Amediumhybriduses144-to158-voltbatteries.Likeamildhybrid,atypicalmediumhybridisnotcapableofpropellingthevehiclefromastopusingbatterypoweralone.Thefuelsavingsareabout20%t