2022届初中英语二轮复习重难点题型讲解训练专题08阅读理解之略读含解析

PAGE专题08阅读理解之略读阅读理解题题样多，难度大，涉及面广。今天主要讨论的是阅读技巧问题，怎样可以提高阅读速度。根据阅读题材阅读目的不同，应该采取不同的阅读技巧。同时，也要根据不同目的适时调整阅读速度。这里我们介绍一种很常见的快速阅读技巧：略读。Part1概念略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速读阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰(bird'seyeview)地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。在略读过程中，一般可运用以下技巧：以一般阅读速度，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背景情况，作者的文章风格，口吻或语气等;阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度;根据文章的难易程度和这到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度;注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however,moreover,inaddition等，序列词firstly,secondly等;根据文章的难易程度和要回答的问题，不断灵活地调整阅读速度;若无需要，不必阅读细节。Part2略读技巧略读又称跳读或浏览，是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。略读使用的范围很多。通常在时间有限而又需要阅读大量材料的情况下，或者你想了解一些文章是否对你的研究课题有用时，你都有可能使用此阅读技巧。略读可以运用下列技巧：1.注意留心文章标题，小标题和字幕说明，同时思考文章的主题和题材。还要利用印刷细节，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读。预测略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式（模式），以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。举例来说，各种文体的写作特点明显会给你有所提示的。记叙文突出细节的阅读和基本内容的理解。重点注意主要人物的言行，事件的起因、时间、地点。通过人物的言行，事情的经过去理解人或事物的意义。描写文阅读注意力集中在人或物的特点或特征描写。说明文说明文旨在说明或解释事物的性质、特征和内在的联系。阅读重点为寻找和归纳主题句或结论。议论文阚明事物的性质，表明作者的观点和看法。指导学生重点捕捉作者的观点。阅读注意力集中在首尾段，注意分清主要段落和次要段落。2.一般说来，文章开头总是很重要的。可以以较慢的阅读速度（200-250wpm），阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况。作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等也会有所体现。无论作者的语气是轻松愉快还是尖锐讽刺，作者的态度是肯定支持还是怀疑否定，都会对你理解整篇文章有很大的帮助。3.养成良好的阅读习惯。不要逐字逐字阅读，让眼睛掠过文章，刻意留心重要词汇。每个人都有此阅读能力。就像在你生活中，你会很随意的浏览广告牌，布告栏上的文字。眼睛扫过去，整个信息已经进入眼帘。所以，相信自己你有这个能力的。现在你要做的是加强这方面的训练。很容易可以找到一本此类方面的书，你可以循序渐进的练习。通过扩大眼睛的注视范围，来提高阅读能力。很自然地，每一次两个单词，三个单词，四个单词，或者更多单词会映入眼帘。这样的练习会帮助你减少阅读疲劳感，同时还会增强眼睛与大脑之问传递信息的能力。4.注意转折词和序列词。关联词使文章的句子，段落形成一个有机的整体，服务一个主题，表明文中句段的开启、转折、延伸、因果等逻辑关系。寻读关联词，会帮助你弄清文章的语言层次，明晰局段之间的逻辑关系，从而快速准确了解文章的中心意思和作者写作意图。【例1】WhenIwas17，IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay，oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay．Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath．OnasunnySaturday，SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum．Sheasked，"Doyouhavetheaddress？""No，butI'llrecognizeit，therewasapictureinthemagazine．"Oh，stop．Thereitis！"Themuseumwasfree．Weentered，excited．Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus．"MayIhelpyou？"amanasked．"No，"Isaid．"we'refine．"Tourguidesgotonmynerves．Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin？Sallyhadgoneupstairs．Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy（爱窥探的），keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity．Whatwastheirproblem？Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom．SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme．"Wheredoyouthinkyouare？"heasked．Iturnedsharply．"TheMcNayArtMuseum！"Hesmiled，shakinghishead．"Sorry，theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet．""what'sthisplace？"Iasked，stillconfused．"Well，it'sourhome．"Myheartjolted（震颤），Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout，"Sally!Comedownimmediately!"There'ssomereallygoodstuff（艺术作品）upthere．"Shesteppeddown，lookingconfused．Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor，wavingatthefamily，saying，"Sorry，pleaseforgiveus，youhaveareallyniceplace．"Outside，whenItoldSallywhathappened，shecoveredhermouth，laughing．Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything．TherealMcNaywassplendid，butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere．VanGogh，Picasso．Thistime，westayedtogether，incaseanythingelseunusualhappened．Thirtyyearslater，awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace．"Excuseme，didyoueverenteraresidence，longago，thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum？""Yes．Buthowdoyouknow？Wenevertoldanyone．""Thatwasmyhome．Iwasateenagersittinginthehall．Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin．Ineverfeltluckybefore．Youthoughtitwasamuseum．Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat．I'vealwayswantedtothankyou．"（1）WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay？A．Shewasapainter．B．Shewasacommunityleader．C．Shewasamuseumdirector．D．Shewasajournalist．（2）Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse？A．Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy．B．Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers．C．Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman．D．Shemistookhimforatourguide．（3）Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall？A．Puzzled．B．Concerned．C．Frightened．D．Delighted．（4）WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords？A．Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther．B．Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum．C．TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse．D．Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant．（5）Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A．Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife．B．Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily．C．Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem．D．Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum．【详解】本文主要讲述作者和萨利驱车去参观麦克内伊博物馆的故事．由于博物馆是免费的，她们进去时，大厅里的人们停止了谈话，盯着他们．她们看了很长时间，最后才知道这是一个私人的民宅．1．A．细节理解题．根据第一段WhenIwas17，IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay，oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay（当我十七岁时，我读到一篇关于麦克内伊博物馆的杂志文章，以前是一位名叫玛丽麦克内伊水彩画家的家）可知，A项正确．2．D．细节理解题．根据第四段Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin（如果他们对一幅你不感兴趣的画谈论很长时间你会怎么办呢）可知，D项正确．3．A．细节理解题．根据第四段Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy，keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity．Whatwastheirproblem（大厅里的人们看来爱窥探，他们的眼睛好奇地看着我．他们的问题是什么）可知，A项正确．4．D．推理判断题．根据第五段"There'ssomereallygoodstuffupthere．"Shesteppeddown（她退出来说："那里确实有一些好艺术作品"）及Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything（她不敢相信他们什么也没说让我们四处看了那么长时间）可知，D项正确．根据第六段排除A、B、C项．5．C．推理判断题．根据段中Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin．Ineverfeltluckybefore（在你们从远处来之前，我从来没有意识到我住在一个多么美丽的地方．我以前从来没有感到幸运）可知，C项正确．【例2】Asearlyas2005，therewereanumberofnewsstoriesaboutdogcloningandcatcloning．Animalcloninghadbeenoldnewsfornearlyadecadebythen，withtherevolutionarycloningofDollythesheepinScotland．However，Snuppywasthefirstpet，adog，tobecloned．SincethecloningofSnuppy，therehasbeensomeverysuccessfulcloningofpetsandotheranimals．LouHawthornestartedBioArtswhilecloninghisbelovedmixed-breeddogMissy．Hawthornewasverypleasedwiththeresultsofthecloning，producingthreesuccessfulclonesthatwereveryaliketotheoriginalincharacterandbehavior．InJanuary，2009，aFloridacouple，EdandNinaOtto，announcedthattheyhadpaidtohavetheirdogclonedbyBioArts．Allnewtechnologyisoverpriced．Forexample，personalcomputerswerenotveryaffordableatfirst．Onlyaftertheproducingprocesswasimprovedwasitpossibleforeveryfamilytohaveacomputer．Howmuchroomtherewillbefororganizationstoreducethepricepointonpetcloningwithoutbroaddemandisofcoursequestionable．Therearemanygreatdogsandcatsthatcanbefoundatthelocaldogpoundoraregivenawayfor"freetogoodhomes"inclassifiedads．However，thereisnolimittothevaluepeopleplaceonabelovedpet．TheOttosareagoodexampleofthat．Ifpeoplecanpurchaseadogorcatwithpredictablebehaviorandcharacteristics，thereisvalueinthat．Thereisapredictablemarkethere，thoughitmayalwaysbelimitedinsize．Whilepetcloninghasnottakenoffassomehoped，it'sclearthatitwillbecomeabiggermarketinthefutureanditwillbeincreasinglypossibleforpeopletotrythisout．Withtheinevitablesuccessthatclonedpetownerswillhave，thepracticewillbecomemorewidelyacceptedanditseemsinevitablethatthereisafutureforcloneddogsandcats．（1）Whatistheparagraph2mainlyabout？A．Thecasesofpetcloning．B．Thehistoryofpetcloning．C．Thebehaviorofclonedanimals．D．Thedevelopmentofanimalcloning．（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A．Petcloningwillbeacceptedbyeveryone．B．Thepriceofpetcloningmaynotbecheap．C．Humancloningmayonedaybecomeareality．D．Newtechnologyofpetcloningwillbeinvented．（3）Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph？A．declined．B．appeared．C．understood．D．boosted．（4）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthemarketofpetcloning？A．Optimistic．B．Negative．C．Indifferent．D．Fearful．【详解】本文章主要讲述了克隆宠物的情况，越来越多的克隆猫和克隆狗，而且未来这个市场将会非常的强大．1．A．细节题．根据文章内容"Snuppywasthefirstpet，adog，tobecloned．SincethecloningofSnuppy，therehasbeensomeverysuccessfulcloningofpetsandotheranimals．"Snuppy是第一个被克隆的宠物，自从SnopPy的克隆以来，宠物和其他动物的克隆非常成功．可知，第二段主要讲述了宠物克隆案例．故选A．2．B．细节题．根据文章内容"thereisnolimittothevaluepeopleplaceonabelovedpet．TheOttosareagoodexampleofthat．"人们对宠爱宠物的价值是没有限制的．Ottos就是一个很好的例子．可知，克隆宠物的价格可能并不便宜．故选B．3．D．词意题．根据文章内容"it'sclearthatitwillbecomeabiggermarketinthefutureanditwillbeincreasinglypossibleforpeopletotrythisout．"很显然，它将在未来成为一个更大的市场，人们将越来越有可能尝试这一点．可知，划线词的含义是提高．故选D．4．A．细节题．根据文章内容"Withtheinevitablesuccessthatclonedpetownerswillhave，thepracticewillbecomemorewidelyacceptedanditseemsinevitablethatthereisafutureforcloneddogsandcats．"它将在未来成为一个更大的市场，人们将越来越有可能尝试这一点．可知，作者对宠物克隆市场的态度是乐观的．精讲精练【例题1】"WhenIgrowup，Iwanttobearunner．"ThesewordsarespokenbythousandsofKenyanchildren．50percentoftheKenyantoprunnersaremembersofKalenjin，oneminorityraceofthecountry．TheymakeuplessthantwopercentofKenya'spopulation．Thisfacthaspuzzledsportsscientists．Theyhavespentconsiderabletimeandefforttryingtoansweronequestion：WhatenablestheKalenjinpeopletorunsofast？Althoughthequestionseemssimple，findingtheanswerhasproventobedifficultandcontroversial．AteamofDanishsportsscientistsspent18monthsanddiscoveredtheKalenjinshadremarkablyslowheartratesevenwhenrunninglongdistances．TheKalenjinsliveinhigh-elevation（高海拔）villagesintheRiftValleyinwesternKenya．Peoplelivingathighelevationsproducemoreredbloodcells，whichaidinthetransportofoxygenthroughoutthebody．Becausetheairisthinnerandcontainslessoxygenathighelevations，thebodyproducesmoreredbloodcells．Scientistsbelievethereisaconnectionbetweenincreasedredbloodcellsandlowheartratesandthatbothmayenablehigh-altitudeathletestooutperformthosewhotrainatlowaltitudes．TheDanishscientistsalsostudiedthebodiesoftheKalenjinsandcomparedthemtothoseoftheDanes．TheyfoundthattheKalenjinshavelonger"birdlike"legs．TheKalenjinsalsohavelowerbodymassindexes（ameasureofbodyfatbasedonweightandheight）andshorterbodiesthanDanishpeople．AsaresultoftheDanishstudy，somescientistsmadetheconclusionthattheKalenjinspossesswhatiscalleda"speedgene（基因）"．However，KenyanrunnerswereoffendedbythisconclusionTheycreditedtheirsuccesstohardworkandendlesshoursoftraining．Althoughthecontroversyoverthe"speedgene"remainsunsolved，BritishrunnerMoFarah'sexperienceoffersaninterestingperspectiveonthesubject．In2005，herealizedhewasn'tmeetinghispotentialasarunner．AgroupofKenyanrunnersweretraininginEnglandthen．AfterheaccidentallyobservedtheKenyans'stricttrainingroutinesanddedicationtotheirsport，Farahsaiditwaslikeaswitchhadbeenturnedoninhishead．Hebeganeatinghealthyfoods，goingtobedearly，andtrainingharderthanhehadevertrainedinhislife．Asaresult，Farah'srunningcareerexploded．HehaswonsevenworldandOlympictitlesinthe5000mandregularlybeatsKenya'stoprunners!Farah'sstoryproveswhatKenyanshaveknownallalong．Regardlessofgenetics，theirsuccesswouldnotbepossiblewithouthardwork，dedication，sacrifice，andmentaltoughness．Their"secret"issimple．Trainhard，runfast，andnevergiveup．（1）Whatinterestedthesportsscientists？A．Kenyansportshistory．B．Kanlenjins'runningability．C．Kanlenjins'trainingmethods．D．Kenyans'enthusiasmforsport．（2）AccordingtoDanishscientists，whatleadstotheKanlenjins'success？A．Physicalcondition．C．Hardtraining．B．Livingstyle．D．Strongwill．（3）HowdidKenyanrunnersthinkaboutDanishresearchresult？A．Convincing．C．Astonishing．B．Unacceptable．D．Important．（4）WhyisMoFarah'sstorymentionedinthepassage？A．Toshowrunningmethodscount．B．ToencourageBritishathletes．C．Toproveeffortpaysoff．D．Tosupportgenetheory．【答案】BABC【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据Thisfacthaspuzzledsportsscientists．Theyhavespentconsiderabletimeandefforttryingtoansweronequestion：WhatenablestheKalenjinpeopletorunsofast？可知，坎伦金斯人的运动能力让体育科学家很感兴趣．故选B．2．A．细节理解题．根据AsaresultoftheDanishstudy，somescientistsmadetheconclusionthattheKalenjinspossesswhatiscalleda"speedgene（基因）"．可知，是基因，身体状况让他们有很强的运动能力．故选A．3．B．细节理解题．根据However，KenyanrunnerswereoffendedbythisconclusionTheycreditedtheirsuccesstohardworkandendlesshoursoftraining．可知，他们不认同科学家的结果，他们将自己的成功归功于辛勤工作和无尽的训练时间．故选B．4．C．推理判断题．根据Farah'sstoryproveswhatKenyanshaveknownallalong．Regardlessofgenetics，theirsuccesswouldnotbepossiblewithouthardwork，dedication，sacrifice，andmentaltoughness．Their"secret"issimple．Trainhard，runfast，andnevergiveup．可知，MoFarah的故事是为了说明努力才会有回报．故选C．【练习1】Theministryofeducationrecentlypublishednationalstandardsforthemanagementofprimaryandsecondaryschools．Itsaysthatschoolsandparentsshouldworktogethertoensureprimaryschoolstudentssleepatleast10hoursadayandmiddleschoolstudentssleepninehoursaday．However，weinterviewedsomestudents'parentsandnoneofourintervieweessaidtheycouldachievethatgoal．Andnoneoftheintervieweesbelievedotherparentswouldbeabletoachievethatgoal．Thishastodowiththeacademicburdenonchildren．Manykidshaveridiculousamountsofhomeworktodoeachnight，whiletheyalsosufferfromtheadditionalburdenofafter-schoolcourses．Thetruthisthatchildrenhavetoworkharderthanadults．Itshouldbenotedthatmanyparentsarerathertiredwiththissituation，andtheycomplainaboutbeingexhaustedbyhelpingtheirchildrenwithhomeworkandfeelpressuredbytheeconomicburdenofafter-schoolcourses．Doubtlessly，themaincourseliesinthecompetitioninsociety．Noparentswanttheirchildrentofallbehindintherace．TheproblemisespeciallyseriousinmanycitiessuchasBeijingandShanghai，wheretherearebothqualityeducationresourcesandfiercecompetition．Itisdifficultforchildreninthesecitiestosleepenoughhourseveryday．Inordertochangethis，educationresourcesneedtobemorefairlyequal，especiallyforprimaryeducation，sothatstudentsandtheirparentsdonothavetocompetesofiercelyforthelimitedamountofqualityeducationresources．Suchthingsarealwayseasiersaidthandone，ofcourse．Tobalanceprimaryandsecondaryeducationresourceswillbeadifficultprocess．Butonlybydoingsowillourchildrengetenoughsleepeveryday．28．WhatisthepurposeofthenationalstandardsmentionedinParagraph1？A．Tomakesurestudentshaveenoughsleep．B．Toexplainwhyenoughsleepisimportantforstudents．C．Tofindoutwhystudentscan'thaveenoughsleep．D．Tostatehowthenationalstandardsarecarriedout．29．Whichfactdoesmainlyleadtostudents'lackofsleep？A．Learningstress．B．Economicalpressurefromextracourses．C．Fiercesocialcompetition．D．Lowefficiencyinstudy．30．Accordingtotheauthor，thegovernmentshould．A．reducethelearningcourses．B．provideequaleducationresources．C．strengthenfinancialsupport．D．publishstricteducationpolicy．31．WhichonecanBESTdescribethestructureofthepassage？A．Compareandcontrast．B．Causeandeffect．C．Reasonandsolution．D．Opinionandsuggestion．【答案】ACBC【解析】28．A．推理判断题．根据"Itsaysthatschoolsandparentsshouldworktogethertoensureprimaryschoolstudentssleepatleast10hoursadayandmiddleschoolstudentssleepninehoursaday．"可知，第一段提到国家规定是为了确保学生有足够的睡眠．故选A．29．C．推理判断题．根据"whiletheyalsosufferfromtheadditionalburdenofafter﹣schoolcourses．Thetruthisthatchildrenhavetoworkharderthanadults"可知，激烈的竞争环境导致学生缺乏睡眠．故选C．30．B．细节理解题．根据"Inordertochangethis，educationresourcesneedtobemorefairlyequal，especiallyforprimaryeducation"可知，政府应该提供平等的教育资源．故选B．31．C．细节理解题．根据文章内容可知，本文先是提出了需要解决的问题，后又写出了解决问题的几种方法．故选C．【例题2】Youmustthinkacomputeristhebestthingintheworld，right？Youmustthinkitworksatasuperspeedandcandoeverything？Well，it'snot!Infact，thebrainismuchmorepowerfulthananysupercomputer!Thinkaboutwhenaglassisjustabouttofalloffthetable．Yourbraincontrolseverythingthatyouneedtodotosavethatglassfromfalling．Firstyoureyescheckoutwhat'sgoingon，thentellyourbrain．andyourbraindecideshowquicklyyouneedtoreact（反应），andthenyourmuscles（肌肉）gointoaction．Thatisjustfromyourbrain．Nocomputercouldevercomeclosetothat!Thebrainweighsjust3pounds，butitcontrolseverythingyoudofromthinking，learning，feelingeventobreathingandyourheartbeating．Eventhoughthebrainisjust2%ofyourbodyweight，itusesaround20%ofallyourenergyinyourbody．Thatisalotforsuchasmallorgan（器官）．Thereareabout100billiontiny，tinylittlecells（细胞）inyourbrain．Therearesomanythatitwouldtakeyouover3.000yearstocountthemall!Yourbrainstopsgrowingwhenyou're18，butitactuallykeepsondevelopingandlearningnewthings．Soyourparentsarereallysupersmart!Youwon'tbeabletofoolthem!Believeitornot，yourbrainNEVERstopsworking．Evenduringsleeping，thebrainworksforlong-termmemoryestablishment（建立）．Itisrealizedthatthebrainisthesecondorganinthebodyastheheartthatneverstopsduringhumanlives．Soeveryoneshouldbeproudofsuchagiftofnature．（1）InParagraph1，thewriterwantstotellus_______．A．eyesandmusclesreactquicklyB．thebraincontrolseverythinginyourbodyC．thecomputeristhebestthingintheworldD．thebrainismorepowerfulthananycomputer（2）InParagraph2，theunderlinedword"That"refersto（指的是）_______．A．thebodyweightB．2%ofthebodyweightC．allenergyinthebodyD．around20%oftheenergyinthebody（3）WhichisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage？A．Thebraindoesn'tworkduringsleeping．B．Thebrainistheonlyorganthatneverstops．C．Thebrainkeepsgrowingduringhumanlives．D．Thebrainkeepsondevelopingduringhumanlives．（4）Whichwordcanbestdescribethebrainaccordingtothepassage？A．Magic．B．Quick．C．Light．D．Developing．（5）Inwhichmagazinecanthepassagebefoundmostprobably？A．BusinessWeeklyB．MedicineC．ScienceD．Sports【答案】DDDAC【解析】1．D，段落大意题，根据Infact，thebrainismuchmorepowerfulthananysupercomputer可知讲述的是电脑远远比不上人脑，故选D．2．D，细节理解题，前面提到itusesaround20%ofallyourenergyinyourbody用掉所有能量的20%，由此可知是能量消耗较大，故选D．3．D，细节理解题，根据Yourbrainstopsgrowingwhenyou're18，butitactuallykeepsondevelopingandlearningnewthings可知虽然18岁之后大脑就不长了，但是会一直完善功能，故选D．4．A，细节理解题，根据Itisrealizedthatthebrainisthesecondorganinthebodyastheheartthatneverstopsduringhumanlives可知大脑不会停止工作，前文也提到他控制着我们身体的每一个器官，由此可知这是一个神奇的器官，故选A．5．C，主旨归纳题，文章主要讲述的是有关于大脑的事情，讲述了期生长以及工作情况，这是科普性质的阐述，最有可能来自于科学杂志，故选C．【练习2】Nature'swarningsWhentheskysuddenlyturnsdarkandthewindisstrong，watchout!Adangerousstormmightbecoming．Stormsarescary．Watchforflashesoflightning．Listenforthunder．Ifnaturesendsthesewarnings，don'twaitforrain．Actrightawaytokeepsafe．SafetyStepsAtthefirstflashoflightning，quicklygetinsideabuildingoracar．Donotgointoashed（棚）forprotection．Itisnotclosedlikeabuilding，soitisnotsafe．Evenafteryouareindoors，becareful．Itisnotsmarttogoneardoorsandwindows．Theycanblowinorbreak．Aroomwithnowindowsisthesafestplacetobe．Donotwashyourhandsduringastorm．Donotuseanythingthatrunsonelectricityeither.Waterandelectricallinesarelikeroadsforlightning．Evenifyoureallywanttoplaycomputergames，don't!Itisbettertobeboredthantoriskgettinghurt．Tryreadingabookinstead．Readingismorefunthanplayingcomputergames．Ifyoucan'tgettosomewheresafe，stayoutintheopen．Youmayfeelsafeunderatree，butthatisnotagoodplacetobe．Lightningispullingtowardtallpolesandtrees．Staydowninanopenspaceandcoveryourearstoprotectthem．Loudthundercandamageyourhearing．LightningStrikesLightningdoesnotstrikepeopleveryoften．Itisnotlikelythatyouwilleverseethathappen．Ifyoudo，call1-2-0．Onlytrainedemergencyworkersshouldcareforapersonwhohasbeenhitbylighting．Ifyoufollowtheserules，youshouldstaysafeduringastorm．（1）FromParagraphI，welearnthat________．A．stormsarefrighteningandharmfulB．stormsoftencomewithoutwarningsC．peopleshouldwaitandwatchlightningD．peopleshouldtakeactionafterthestorm（2）Theunderlinedword"It"inParagraph2probablymeans________．A．abuildingB．acarC．aroomD．ashed（3）Duringastormyouhadbetter________．A．useacomputerforawhileB．listenforthunderbyawindowC．leavetheroomandstayoutD．findaclosedoranopenplace（4）Ifapersonishitbylightning，youshould________．AcallforemergencyhelpB．staydowninasafespaceC．movehimorhertosafetyD．coverhisorherearsquickly（5）Thebesttitleforthepassageis________．A．TrainingStepsB．HomeRulesC．NaturalOrderD．StormSafety【答案】ADDAD【解析】1．A，细节理解题，根据Stormsarescary可知暴风雨很可怕，很危险，故选A．2．D，句意理解题，根据Donotgointoashed（棚）forprotection可知因为棚子很简陋，不能很好的保护避雨的人，所以此处指的是棚子，故选D．3．D，细节理解题，下雨可以Atthefirstflashoflightning，quicklygetinsideabuildingoracar躲在密闭的室内，或者Staydowninanopenspace待在户外较开阔的地方，故选D．4．A，细节理解题，根据Ifyoudo，call1﹣2﹣0．可知如果被闪电击中，要打电话叫救护车，故选A．5．D，主旨归纳题，最后一句提到Ifyoufollowtheserules，youshouldstaysafeduringastorm遵循这些，在暴风雨的天气下就会很安全，此文章主要讲述的是如何在暴雨中确保安全，故选D．【例题3】Haveyoueverseenrowsofdifferentcarsparkedonabigplayground，withtheirboots（汽车后备箱）open？Thebootsarepackedwiththingslikebooks，pictures，kid'stoys．Thisisacarbootsale．ItispopularintheUK．Ifyouhavelotsofthingsandhavenowheretoputthem，anddon'twanttothrowthemaway，whynottryacarbootsale？Gotoacarbootsaleandyoumaybeexcitedaboutwhatyoufind．Youcanfindalmostanythingatacarbootsale，frombeds，tablestonecklacesandring…．Mostofthethingsaresecond-hand，sotheyareusuallylow-priced．Iliketohuntforbooks．IwaspettyproudwhenIboughtfourbooksfromtheHarryPotter．Seriesandtheycostmejustover¥2．Hereisalittletipthatnoteverybodyknows；Whenit'snearlytheendofthesale（theyusuallyfinishintheearlyafternoon），manysellerscutthepricesbecausetheywanttothrowawaythings．Quiteoftenyou'llfind"allfor10p"，"Buyoneandgetonefree"and"Takeitaway!"It'sclearthattheyjustwanttothrowthosethingsaway．However，theremaynotbemuchgoodstuff（物品）leftintheend-thethingspeoplereallywantaresolequickly．So，astheysay，theearlybirdcatchestheworm!（1）Whyaremostthingsatsuchalowpriceatacarbootsale？A．Becausetheyareterrible．B．Becausetheyareuseless．C．Becausetheyaresmallthings．D．Becausetheyaresecond-hand．（2）WhichofthefollowingthingsyoumayNOTfindatacarbootsale？A．FoodanddrinksB．booksandpicturesC．BedsandtablesD．Necklacesandrings（3）HowdidthewriterfeelwhenhegotfourbooksfromtheHarryPotterseries？A．TerribleB．ExcitedC．ProudD．Nervous（4）Manysellersusuallycuttheprices_________．A．atthebeginningofthesaleB．nearlyattheendofthesaleC．intheearlymorningD．whenthereisbadweather（5）Whatisthereadingmainlyabout？A．AcarbootsaleintheUK．B．AcarshowintheUK．C．Whatacarbootsale．D．Agoodwaytosavemoney．【答案】DACBA【解析】1．D细节理解题，根据文中的第4段Mostofthethingsaresecond﹣hand，sotheyareusuallylow﹣priced．可知大部分的东西都是二手货，所以通常价格很低，故答案D．2．A细节理解题，根据文中的第3段Youcanfindalmostanythingatacarbootsale，frombeds，tablestonecklacesandring…．你可以在车靴销售中找到几乎所有的东西，从床、桌子到项链和戒指可知没有提到食物和饮料，故答案A．3．C细节理解题，根据文中的第4段IwaspettyproudwhenIboughtfourbooksfromtheHarryPotter．可知我从哈利•波特系列买了四本书时，我感到很骄傲，故答案C．4．B细节理解题，根据文中的第5段Whenit'snearlytheendofthesale（theyusuallyfinishintheearlyafternoon），manysellerscutthepricesbecausetheywanttothrowawaythings．可知当它接近销售结束（他们通常在下午早些时候结束），许多卖家降价，因为他们想扔掉的东西，故答案B．5．A主旨归纳题，根据文中的第1段Thisisacarbootsale．ItispopularintheUK．可知主要介绍的这是一个旧物销售．它在英国很流行，故答案A．课后作业Researchersinthe1960sfoundbilingual（双语的）peoplescoredhigheronintelligence（智力）teststhanmonolinguals--peoplewhospeakonlyonelanguage．Thelateststudiesshowthatbeingbilingualdoesnotnecessarilymakepeoplecleverer，butitprobablydoesmakeyoubetteratcer