计算机专业英语课件Unit 02

ContentsPart1ReadingandTranslatingSectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemorySectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartPart2SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)Part3ListeningandSpeakingDialogue:HowRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)ReadersWorkListeningComprehension:Moore'sLawDictation:SensorsGetDataWeNeverHadBefore1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryWordsbus[bʌs]n.[计]（电脑的）总线slate[sleit]n.石板,板岩capacitor[kəˈpæsitə(r)]n.电容器，电容etch[etʃ]v.蚀刻，浸蚀wafer['weifə(r)]n.[电]薄片，圆片，晶片burst[bɜ:st]n.短暂的突然发作，一阵charge[tʃa:dʒ]v.使充电discharge[dis'tʃa:dʒ]v.放电Phrasestaketheformof表现为…的形式，采取…的形状bitline位线，数元线wordline字线workas充当，担任allover到处，浑身1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryNotes[1]Original:Thememorycontrollerorganizestherequestandsendsthecolumnandrowaddressinanelectricalchargealongtheappropriateaddresslines,whichareverythinelectricallinesetchedintotheRAMchip. Translation:存储器控制器可将这些存储数据的请求组织起来，并通过沿着合适的地址线——蚀刻在RAM芯片上的很细的电线——发送电荷中的列和行的地址。1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryNotes[2]Original:Ateverypointalongtheaddresslinewhereacapacitorisholdingacharge,thecapacitordischargesthroughthecircuitcreatedbytheclosedtransistors,sendingelectricalchargesalongthedatalines. Translation:沿着电容器存放电荷的地址线上的每个点，电容器通过由闭合的晶体管所构成的电路来放电，并沿着数据线发送电荷。1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1.Afteryouswitchoffacomputer,RAMstillkeepsitsdata.2.Acapacitorchargeoveracertainvoltagelevelrepresentsthebinaryvalue0.3.Asinglebyteofdataconsistsofthecombinationof1sand0sfromeightdatalines.4.Aseriesofmemorycelladdressesputtogetherformtheaddressofacharacter.5.Anunchargedcapacitorrepresentsa1bit.1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whichofthefollowingworksaselectronicstoragethatholdsanelectricalcharge?A.Externalstorage B.ControllersforvideodisplayC.Capacitor D.Peripheraldevices2.Whichofthefollowingcomponentscanmakeitaccesstheoperatingsystemfiles,programs,andanydatacurrentlybeingusedbyitwrittentoandstoredinRAM?A.PowerconnectorsB.ProcessorC.ExpansioncardslotsD.Non-volatilememorychips1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemory3.Whichofthefollowingisrightaboutacapacitor?A.Eachchargedcapacitoralongtheaddresslinerepresentsa1bit.B.Acapacitorworksaselectronicstoragethatholdsanelectricalcharge.C.Anunchargedcapacitorrepresentsa0bit.D.Alloftheabove.1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.ASCIIb.bytec.parallelprocessingd.RAM(randomaccessmemory)e.UniversalSerialBus(USB)1.Aprocessingtechniquethatusesmultipleprocessorsorprocessingcoressimultaneously,usuallytoprocessasinglejobasfastaspossible2.Afixed-length,binarycodingsystemusedtorepresenttext-baseddataforcomputerprocessingonmanytypesofcomputers3.Agroupof8bits4.Auniversalbususedtoconnectupto127peripheraldevicestoacomputerwithoutrequiringtheuseofadditionalexpansioncards5.Chipsconnectedtothemotherboardthatprovideatemporarylocationforthecomputertoholddataandprograminstructionswhiletheyareneeded1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemoryV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseWhydoesaSmartphoneNeedaDual-coreProcessor?Dualcoreprocessorsallowsmartphonestodeliverincreasedperformance,whiledeliveringbetterbatterylife.Thereasonforthisisthatthetasksthatrunonasmartphonehavewidelydifferentperformanceneeds;forinstance,comparewritinganSMStextmessagewithplayinga3Dgame.Toprovidethisscalabilityofperformanceandpowerintoday'sadvancedchipmanufacturingprocessessuchas28nm(1nm1billionthofameter),itisbettertohavemultiplesmallercoresversusonelargemonolithiccore.Withdual-coreprocessors,youcanswitchonecoreofffortaskssuchasSMS(tosavepower),andthenyoucanswitchbothcoresonwhenmaximumperformanceisneeded.1.1SectionA:RandomAccessMemory(RAM):TheGeniusofMemory

1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartWordspoint-of-sale销售点的，售货点的capacitive[kə'pæsitiv]adj.电容性的resistive[riˈzistiv]adj.抗[耐、防]…的；电阻的coat[kəut]v.给…涂上（或盖上、裹上）metallic[məˈtælik]adj.金属的，金属性的spacer['speisə]n.垫片，隔圈，隔离物，衬垫affordable[ə'fɔ:dəbl]adj.买得起的，价格实惠的，经济适用的，价格适中的infrared[ˌinfrə'red]adj.红外线的diode['daiəud]n.二极管1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartPhrasesautomatedtellermachine自动出纳机，自动柜员机remotecontrol遥控，远程控制，遥控装置TabletPC平板电脑，平板型计算机zoomin拉近，放大electricalcharge电荷AbbreviationsGPSGlobalPositionSystem全球定位系统，导航系统1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmart1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartNotes[1]Original:Thefirsttouchscreensdevelopedalloweduserstopressonlyoneareaatatimewiththetipoftheirfinger,andtheyweremuchlessaccuratethantoday'stouchscreens. Translation:最初研制的触摸屏仅允许用户用手指一次触摸一个区域，并且它们的准确性和今日的同类产品相比相差甚远。[2]Original:Touchingthescreenabsorbsportionsofthewaves,whichthenallowsthetouchscreencontrollertocalculatethepositionatwhichtheobjecttouchedthescreen. Translation:当触摸屏幕时，部分声波会被吸收，从而使得触摸屏控制器可以计算出对象触摸屏幕的位置1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1.Thefirsttouchscreensdevelopedweremoreaccuratethantoday'stouchscreens.2.Touchscreenshavedecreasedproductivitybyallowingpeopletointeractwithdevicesmorequicklythantheycanwithamouseorkeyboard.3.Additionaltypesoftouchscreentechnologiesareusedaswidelyasthecapacitive,resistive,andsurfacewavetouchscreens.4.Capacitive,resistive,andsurfacewavetouchscreensarethreetypesoftouchscreensmostinusetoday.5.Aresistivetouchscreenhasalayerofmaterialthatstoreselectricalchargescoatingthesurface.1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartII.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whenhastouchscreentechnologyevolvedsinceitscreation?A.inthelate1990sB.inthelate1970s C.inthelate1960s D.inthelate1980s2.Whichofthefollowingiswrongaboutsurfacewavetechnology?A.Itiseasyforoutsideelementstodamagethedevicebecauseultrasonicwavespassoverthetouchscreen.B.Themostadvancedofthethreetypesistouchscreensusingsurfacewavetechnology.C.Surfacewavetechnologypassesultrasonicwavesoverthetouchscreen.D.Touchscreensusingsurfacewavetechnologyarethecheapestofthethreetypes.1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmart3.Whichofthefollowingisrightaboutacapacitivetouchscreen?A.Capacitivetouchscreenstypicallyarelow-quality.B.Althoughcapacitivetouchscreensusuallyaremoreaffordablethanresistivetouchscreens,theyarenotasclearandcanbedamagedmoreeasily.C.Capacitivetouchscreenstypicallyareaffectedbyitemsthatdonotconductelectricalcharges.D.Opticaltouchscreensisnotusedaswidelyascapacitivetouchscreens.Ⅲ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a.cacheb.flashmemoryc.multicored.PlugandPlaye.port1.Agenerictermthatisassociatedwiththeabilitytoattachanydeviceontoacomputerandhaveitplayorworkimmediately.2.AtypeofmultiprocessorchipthatprovidestwoormoreseparateandindependentCPUs.3.Asocketforexternaldevicestoconnecttothesystemunit.4.AtypeofmemorythatprovidesacombinationoffeaturesofRAMandROM.5.Atypeofmemorythatimprovesprocessingbyactingasatemporaryhigh-speedholdingareabetweenthememoryandtheCPU.1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmart1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.CacheMemoryItisinstructivetocomparethememoryfacilitieswithinacomputerinrelationtotheirfunctionality.Registersareusedtoholdthedataimmediatelyapplicabletotheoperationathand;mainmemoryisusedtoholddatathatwillbeneededinthenearfuture;andmassstorageisusedtoholddatathatwilllikelynotbeneededintheimmediatefuture.Manymachinesaredesignedwithanadditionalmemorylevel,calledcachememory.1.2SectionB:TouchScreenTechnology:HowtheScreenIsSoSmartV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.CacheMemoryCachememoryisaportion(perhapsseveralhundredKB)ofhigh-speedmemorylocatedwithintheCPUitself.Inthisspecialmemoryarea,themachineattemptstokeepacopyofthatportionofmainmemorythatisofcurrentinterest.Inthissetting,datatransfersthatnormallywouldbemadebetweenregistersandmainmemoryaremadebetweenregistersandcachememory.Anychangesmadetocachememoryarethentransferredcollectivelytomainmemoryatamoreopportunetime.TheresultisaCPUthatcanexecuteitsmachinecyclemorerapidlybecauseitisnotdelayedbymainmemorycommunication.2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据当需要对比数据时，可以使用图表来说明。使用图形来代表数据可以使信息更加易于理解和记忆。图形可以使数字信息有意义，可揭示其背后的趋势和模式，简化复杂的关系，并且给文档增加视觉吸引力。要熟悉最流行的图表类型，它们的优缺点，以及什么时候使用它们才合适。表里列出了在企业文档中使用图表的注意事项。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)说明数据的注意事项

图表类型适合提到尽量避免条形图和柱状图展示随时间变化的数据比较项目在比较持续时间时选择柱状图比较过多的项目，5个或6个是比较典型的上限当类别有很长的名字时不要使用条形图，而是使用柱状图线形图展示数据的趋势或模式如果数值被均匀分割，使用线形图，例如按月或年划分饼图展示一类数据的大小相对于其他类和整体的比例在饼图中展示多余一个类别的数据过程图展示过程中的步骤使用常见的形状来表示过程中的部分改变常见形状的意义层次图展示一个组织中的汇报关系在图内的每个方框中包含过多的细节2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据（1）条形图和柱状图

条形图和柱状图表示以间距归类的分类数据和数字数据，例如每月的销售额或每个产品的费用。条形图的每一个类别都包含一个横向的条形，并且，每一个条形的高度或长度代表着那一类别的值。柱状图与其相似，只是使用纵向的条形。图2-3展示了柱状图的实例。（2）线形图

线形图揭示了数据的趋势和模式。线形图展示了两个数值是如何彼此关联的。纵轴（y）通常表示数量，例如金额或者百分比。横轴（x）通常表示时间单元。因此，用线形图展示随时间变化的数量最为理想。图2-3同样展示了线形图。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据（3）饼图

饼图可以被分割成若干个楔形块，每块都代表一个类别。有时，为了特别强调，将一个楔形块从饼图中分离出来。饼图可以将整体和其各部分进行对比。图2-3同样展示了带有重点强调的楔形块的饼图。（4）过程图

过程图展示了一个过程中的若干步骤，有时称作流程图。不同的形状代表各种不同类型的活动。例如，圆形或椭圆代表过程的开始和结束，菱形代表必须进行的决策和选择，而矩形代表过程的主要活动或者步骤。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据（5）组织结构图（或层次图）

当人们和物体按照一定层次组织在一起时，可以使用一个组织结构图来代表他们。组织结构图通常画为一个水平的或竖直的树，使用几何图形来代表其不同的元素。线将各种形状连接起来表明元素之间的关系。

组织结构图展示了企业的正式结构。层次图展示了对象间的关系。下图同样展示了一个组织结构图的例子。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)图的例子

2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting4.在文档中添加表格和图片让文档变得更有吸引力和易于阅读的一个方法就是插入图形、照片和插图。这些视觉元素可以吸引眼球，并且有助于将读者的注意力吸引到文字上来。表格也提供视觉上的吸引力，而且被设计用来比较信息的列表。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据（1）在合适的时候使用插图

仅当它们能够提升文档的价值并且支持内容的时候才插入图形。例如，在公司文档上使用公司徽标。插入图形不要仅仅为了装饰页面、分割文本或增加文档长度的视觉资料。下图展示了带有附加图片的InfoSource手册。（2）给图片加上标签

每一个图片和表格通常都包含一个标签和题注来标记它们。使用“图#”来标记图片，比如图表、示意图、照片、地图和绘图。使用“表#”来标记表格。给图片和表格单独按顺序编号。表格的标签通常出现在表格的上方，图片的标签出现在插图的下方。在标签后面加一个简短的说明来描述展示的内容，例如“图1云端的客户服务”。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)添加到InfoSource小册子的图片

2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)ClearWriting3.说明数据（3）引用每一个图片或表格

在文字的附近，插入所包含的每一个引用图片和表格。参考图号理论上应该出现在图片的前面，例如“图1展示了云端的客户服务的照片”。（4）调整插图的大小

当在文档中插入照片、图表和图形时，它们会以原始大小和分辨率显示。如果必要，调整图像的大小来适应页面和平衡内容。确保在调整大小的时候保持纵横比不变。（5）将插图放在适当的位置

将图形放在适当的位置以使页面布局平衡。例如，两张图形都在页面的左边而所有的文字都在右边，这可能看起来不平衡。2.SimulatedWriting:UncoveringtheSecretsofClearWriting(II)添加小册子中的图片和标题

3.1Dialogue:HowRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)ReadersWorkWordslivestock['laivstɔk]n.牲畜，家畜barcode条形码，条码技术cardboard[ˈkɑːdbɔːd]n.硬纸板cost-prohibitive成本高昂的commonplace['kɔmənpleis]adj.普通的，普遍的checkout['tʃekaut]n.(在超级市场)对购物的核算付款，结账3.1Dialogue:HowRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)ReadersWorkWordspalette['pælit]n.调色板，颜料checkstand['tʃek,stænd]n.（超级市场的）点货收款台fraudulent['frɔ:djulənt]adj.欺骗性的，不正的charge[tʃɑ:dʒ]n.费用authorization[,ɔ:θərai'zeiʃən,-ri'z-]n.授权，认可

3.1Dialogue:HowRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)ReadersWorkPhrasescomeacross偶然遇见 lineofsight视线，瞄准线ringup 把(售货金额)记入现金收入记录机，给…打电话AbbreviationsRFID RadioFrequencyIdentification无线射频识别UPCUniversalProductCode商品通用条码(扫描后可结账、盘存货物等)PINPersonalIdentificationNumber个人识别密码

3.1Dialogue:HowRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)ReadersWork3.2ListeningComprehension:Moore'sLawListentothearticleandanswerthefollowing3questionsbasedonit.Afteryouhearaquestion,therewillbeabreakof15seconds.Duringthebreak,youwilldecidewhichoneisthebestansweramongthefourchoicesmarked(A),(B),(C)and(D).Questions1.HowmanyyearsdoesittakeforthenumberoftransistorspersquareinchonchipsGordonMooreobservedtodoublesincetheintegratedcircuitwasinvented?(A)One(B)Two(C)Three(D)