英语-简单句基本句型练习

英语基本句型复习英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：

S十V主谓结构

S十V十P主系表结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构

说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

一．Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这种句型中的动词基本上都是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等,但可以在其后添加修饰成分，如副词，介词短语，甚至状语从句作状语。如：Timeflies.（主语+谓语）Themoonrose.月亮升起来了。（主语+谓语）Birdssingbeautifully.(副词)Theystayedinahotel.（介词短语）Sheapologizedtome.她再次向我道歉。Ihadleftwhentheycame.(时间状语从句)【练习导航】Ⅰ.根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1.他在听。He__________.2.昨晚你睡得好吗？Didyou__________lastnight?3.这场雨持续了两个小时。Therain__________twohours.4.事物总是变化的。Thingsalways_____.5.他来中国的梦想实现了。HisdreamtoChina_______________.Ⅱ.单项选择()6.AnMP5playerofthistypecoststoomuch.You’dbetter______.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait()7.It_____outside.Ihavetostayathome.A.rainB.israiningC.rainedD.hasrained()8.—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?—Yes,Idid.Myuncle______inthematch.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.hasplayedD.willplay()9.—Whatdidyourfathersayjustnow?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.I______onthephone.A.amtalkingB.talkC.wastalkingD.havetalked()10.You______firstandI______behind.A.go;wasfollowingB.willgo;followC.willgo;followedD.go;willfollow二、S+V+P（主语＋系动词＋表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,turn,become,stay,seem等。如：Allherfriendsarenowoutsidethedoor.她的所有朋友现在都在门外。Themilkturnedsour.牛奶变酸了。【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1.他感到有点累。______________________________2.这听起来是个好主意。______________________________3.海伦在家吗？______________________________4.我的电脑在书房里。______________________________5.他的梦想是成为一名医生。______________________________6.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。______________________________7.问题是你想干什么。______________________________8.他总是乐于助人。______________________________9.这盘菜闻起来不错。______________________________10.那个女孩是我的妹妹。______________________________三、S+V+O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：He’shavinglunch.他正在吃午餐。Ipreferstanding.我宁愿站着。Hepromisedtolendmesomebooks.他答应借给我几本书。【练习导航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子的宾语。1.Hehandedinhishomeworkthismorning.____________2.Helpyourselftosomesoup,Jim.____________3.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.____________4.Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?____________5.I’lldowhatIcan.____________Ⅱ.根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6.你认识这些人吗？Doyou___________________________?7.今天早上他完成了报告。He___________________________thismorning.8.现在我来自我介绍一下。NowI’ll__________________.9.他已经决定搬到北京去了。Hehasdecided___________________________Beijing.10.我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。Idon’tremember_________theaccident_________.四、S+V+IO+DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand,give,throw,lend,sing,read,write,buy,leave,make,pass,tell,get等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1.及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2.及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语【练习导航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1.Shegavemehertelephonenumber._________________2.Bringmesomewater,please._________________3.I’llmakeyousomefreshtea._________________4.Hesangusafolksong._________________5.Sheshowedmeherpaintings._________________Ⅱ.将下列句子改为同义句。6.Tomgavemeanicepen.Tom______anicepen_____me.7.Mymotherboughtmylittlesisterapinkskirt.Mymother______apinkskirt______mylittlesister.8.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.She______adeliciousmeal_____us.9.TimshowedmehisniceT-shirt.Tim______hisniceT-shirt_____me.10.Shemademeacupofcoffee.She______acupofcoffee______me.【温馨提示】◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give,hand,show,send,bring,pass,lend,teach,tell,write,throw,sell,email等。如：Canyoulendusyourcar?你能把车借给我们吗？→Canyoulendyourcartous?◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy,play,get,make,order,choose,sing,pay等。如：Myuncleboughtmeawatch.我叔叔给我买了一块表。→Myuncleboughtawatchforme.五、S+V+O+OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Pleasedon’tcallmeLucy.请不要叫我露西。Ifoundtheboxempty.我发现箱子是空的。Theteachertoldustodosomeexercises.老师要我们做一些练习题。【练习导航】Ⅰ.找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1.TheycalltheirdaughterMary.___________2.Don’tleavemebehind._____________3.Iwishyoutobehappy._____________4.IsawherchattingwithNancy.____________5.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.____________Ⅱ.翻译下面的汉语句子。6.他们请我和他们一道去。______________________________7.我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。______________________________8.你认为这部电影精彩吗？______________________________9.你建议我做什么？______________________________10.你注意到他进来了吗？______________________________六、therebe句型therebe句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如：Thereisadictionary,threebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。【练习导航】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.There______iceontheroadlastweek.A.wasB.wereC.willbeD.are()2.There______afootballmatchontheplaygroundthisafternoon.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.ishaveD.isgoingtobe()3.There_____tobesomethingwrongwithhim.A.isB.wasC.seemsD.are()4.Therewillbeenoughfoodforeverybody,_______?A.won’titB.won’tthereC.isn’titD.aren’tthere()5.There_______morethantwohundredpeoplekilledinroadaccidentssincelastmonth.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.areⅡ.根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6.一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。__________aboy_____withadogintheyard.7.以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_____________________ashoponthecornerofthestreet.8.可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。_______________abetterwaytodothis.9.没有空气就没有声音._______________soundwithoutair.10.没有时间再等你了。___________notime_______________you.强化练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Mumboughtmeanewcellphone.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词(S+V)1.他昨天早上起床很晚。___________________________________________2.那天晚上我们谈了很多。___________________________________________3.会议将持续两个小时。___________________________________________4.1919年，在北京爆发了“五四”运动.(theMayFourthMovement)___________________________________________5.这个盒子重五斤。(kilo)___________________________________________6.五年前我住在北京。___________________________________________7.在过去十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。___________________________________________基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)1.昨晚我写了一封信。___________________________________________2.我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently___________________________________________3.你介意我开窗户吗？___________________________________________4.你们必须在两周之内看完那些书。___________________________________________5.他指出我的作文中的错误。pointout,composition___________________________________________6.我们必须派人去请医生。___________________________________________7.你在工作中可以依靠他。___________________________________________8.写完作文后，我们必须检查一遍。goover___________________________________________基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)1.我的兄弟都是大学生。___________________________________________2.这本书是关于美国历史的书。___________________________________________3.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery___________________________________________4.他失业了。___________________________________________5.树叶已经变黄了。___________________________________________6.这个报告听起来很有意思。___________________________________________7.布朗夫人看起来很健康。___________________________________________8.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。pianist___________________________________________9.孩子们，请保持安静。___________________________________________基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)1.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。___________________________________________2.请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary___________________________________________3.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。___________________________________________4.我替你叫辆出租车好吗？___________________________________________5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。___________________________________________6.他把车票给列车员看。conductor___________________________________________基本句型（五）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)1.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider___________________________________________2.我们把小偷释放了。set…free___________________________________________3.他叫我们参加做游戏。___________________________________________4.我要你把真相告诉我。___________________________________________5.每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。___________________________________________6.那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。make…frightened___________________________________________7.他每个月理一次发。___________________________________________8.我们要使学校变得更美丽。___________________________________________基本句型练习答案三指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。1.（6）2.(1)(3)(8)3.(4)4.(7)5.(5)6.(2)基本句型（一）主语+不及物动词(S+V)1.Hegotupverylateyesterdaymorning.2.Thateveningwetalkedagreatdeal.3.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.6.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.基本句型（二）主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.MyfathercanspeakEnglishfluently.3.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow.4.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.5.Hepointedoutthemistakesinmycomposition.6.Wemustsendforadoctor.7.Youcandependonhiminyourwork.8.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgooverit.基本句型（三）主语+系动词+表语(S+V+C)1Mybrothersareallcollegestudents.2ThisbookisaboutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.3Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.4Heisoutofwork.5.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.6Thereportsoundsinteresting.7.Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy8Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.9.Children,keepquietplease.基本句型（四）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)1.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.2.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary.3.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.4.ShallIcallyouataxi?5.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.6.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.基本句型（五）5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)1.Allofusconsiderhimhonest.2.Thehavesetthethieffree.3.Heaskedustojoininthegame.4.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.5.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.6.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.7.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.8.Wewillmakeourschoolmore