人教版英语选修七新素养讲义Unit4Sharing1SectionⅠWarmingUpReading-ComprehendingWord版含答案

冰冷的钢筋水泥城市阻挡不了现代人的情感传递。在这个社区里，人们互帮互助、抱团取暖，用分享与合作共建和谐社区。ModernSuccessStoriesintheNeighborhoodInthisneighborhood,thereareanumberofpeoplewhoareinneedofalittlehelp.CynthiaMarksisasinglemotherwhofindsitdifficulttoworkalldayandtoputdinneronthetableeverynightforherfourkids.Shetalkedtoherneighbor,AnnCullen,anothersinglemotherwithtwochildren,whoworksfulltime.AnnunderstoodCynthia’sneeds.She,too,oftenfeltangerathavingtocoordinate(协调)thecookingandcleaningafterworkingallday.Sothetwoneighborsthoughtofaplan.Theydecidedthattheywouldtaketurnscookingforeachother’sfamiliesonceaweek.Theywerereadyforachange.Theyhadafeelingthatthiswouldimprovetheirlives.Therearehundredsofneighborhoodsinwhichpeopleneedsomehelptodoordinarychores(杂事).Neighborhoodgroupsexisttohelppeopleinanumberofdifferentways.Therearegroupsthathelpolderpeoplewhocannolongerdriveordotheirshoppingontheirown.Thereareneighborhoodcrime­watchgroupsthatwatchforanysignsofrobberies.Therearechild­safetyprogramsthataskadultstowatchoutforneighborhoodchildrenwhomayneedtoetoasafehomeinanemergency.CynthiaandAnn’splanwasasuccess.Theynowsharemealmakingandsometimeseattogetherwiththreeotherneighbors.AccordingtoAnn,cookingforagrouponceaweekisbetterthancookingfivenightsaweekforthree.Inadditiontosharingdinner,CynthiaandAnngettotalkabouttheirproblemsandresponsibilities.Theyfinditisbeneficialjusttobeabletodiscussaproblemwithanotheradult.Withtheirneighbors,theydiscusstheneighborhoodschooltheiryoungchildrenattendandleteachotherknowaboutspecialsalesinneighborhoodstoresorsocialeventsthatwillbetakingplace.Accordingtothesewomen,theywereabletobuildarelationshipthathasimprovedtheirlives.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading—prehending重点单词写作词汇1.textbookn． 教科书；课本2.weeklyadj.&adv. 每周(的)3.relevantadj. 有关的；切题的4.remoteadj. 遥远的；偏僻的5.platformn． 台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台6.otherwiseconj. 否则；不然adv. 用别的方法；其他方面7.privilegen． 特权；特别优待拓展词汇8.muddyadj.泥泞的；泥土般的→mudn．泥；泥泞9.adjustvi.&vt.调整；(使)适合→adjustmentn．调整；调节；适应10.participatevi.参与；参加→participationn．参与；参加11.arrangementn．安排；排列→arrangev．安排阅读词汇12.airmailn． 航空邮件13.fortnightn． 两星期14.roofn． 屋顶；车顶15.conceptn. 观念；概念16.weedn． 杂草；野草vt.&vi. 除杂草17.hutn． 棚屋；小屋18.broomn. 扫帚19.interpretern. 作口译的人20.sniffvt.&vi. 嗅；闻；用鼻子吸21.grilln. 烤架；大平底锅vt. 烧烤；炙烤重点短语1.dryup (指河流、井等)干涸2.dryout (使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透3.stickout 伸出；坚持到底；显眼4.tobehonest 说实话；坦白地说5eacross 偶然遇到或发现；碰到；被理解6.upto 多达；直到7.(be)dyingto 极想；渴望8.hearfrom 接到……的信9.participatein 参与；参加10.theotherday 不久前的一天11.makeadifferenceto 对……有影响；起作用12.getthrough 通过重点句型1.bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，这时……：TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen(正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，这时),beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere！2.doubtwhether...怀疑是否……：Tobehonest,Idoubtwhether(我怀疑是否)I’mmakinganydifferencetotheseboys’livesatall.3.“助动词do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调：Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillage(真的拜访了一个村庄)whichisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.4.fromwhere引导定语从句：Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviews(在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景)andthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)Fast­readingSkimthetextanddothefollowingexercises.1．What’sthemainideaoftheletter?A．JotoldRosemarywhatshehaddoneandseeninPapuaNewGuinea.B．JoadvisedustoetoPapuaNewGuinea.C．JoencouragedherfriendtoliveinPapuaNewGuinea.D．Jointroducedthelocalpeople’sbattleagainsttheirenemies.答案：A2．Matchthemainideaofeachpart.Part1(Para.1)A．JoandJennyvisitedTombe’shomeinthevillage.Part2(Paras.2－3)B．Endoftheletter.Part3(Paras.4－8)C．Openingoftheletterandintroductiontowhatwillbetalkedaboutinthepassage.Part4(Para.9)D．TheschoolwhereJoworkedandJo’sworkatschool.答案：CDABeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)Careful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Inachemistryexperimenttheboysjumpedoutofthewindowsbecausethey________．A．werefrightenedbythebubblingmixtureB．couldn’tstandtheterriblesmellofthemixtureC．didn’tlikedoingchemistryexperimentsD．knewchemistrywasnotrelevanttothem2．WhydoesJowonderhowrelevantchemistryistothekids?A．Becauseshethinkschemistryistoodifficulttolearn.B．Becauseshethinkschemistrymaymakelittledifferencetothekids’lives.C．Becausethekidstherehardlyeacrossanythingofchemistry.D．Becauseshethinkschemistryisuseless.3．HowdidJofeelafterthevisittoTombe’sfamily?A．Upset. B．Worried.C．Happy. D．Sad.4．Accordingtothepassage,itisNOTtruethat________．A．manyofthestudentshavetowalkalongwaytogotoschoolB．JohadvisitedTombe’sfamilyseveraltimesbeforetheletterC．thereisnoelectricityorwaterandevennotextbooksintheschoolD．Tombelivesinapoorbutpletefamily答案：1－4.ABCBeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)Study­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkabout.eq\a\vs4\al() [翻译]我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，因此我在信中附了几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。2．TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingovereverywhere!eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一个主从复合句。②TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboystheweeklychemistryexperiment是主句，when在此引导时间状语从句。③when从句中又包含before引导的时间状语从句。 [翻译]不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！3．SometimesIwonderhowrelevantchemistryistothesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8anyway.eq\a\vs4\al()①本句是一个主从复合句。②Iwonder是主句，how引导宾语从句。③在how从句中，mostofwhom...anyway是非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词students。[翻译]有时候我真想知道，化学跟这些学生有多大关系。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。4．Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.[翻译]我们走了两个半小时到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。①fortnight['fɔːtnaIt]n.两星期②hearfrom接到……的信hearof/about听说；得知③(be)dyingto极想；渴望同义短语：beeager/anxious/longingto④includev．使成为……的一部分⑤picturevt.想象，设想⑥roof[ruːf]n.屋顶；车顶⑦muddy['mʌdI]adj.泥泞的；泥土般的⑧trackn．小道，路径；车辙，踪迹⑨upto多达；高达It’suptosb.todosth.由某人负责做某事。sb.beuptosth.某人胜任某职务⑩textbook['teksbʊk]n.教科书；课本⑪adaptto适应⑫conditions(复)(生活或工作)条件；境况⑬forsure肯定⑭imaginativeadj.富有想象力的imaginaryadj.虚构的；想象的⑮challengingadj.具有挑战性的⑯concept['kɒnsept]n.观念；概念havenoconceptofdoingsth.对做某事没有想法/概念⑰bucket['bʌkIt]n.水桶；吊桶；提桶⑱theotherday不久前的一天⑲weekly['wiːklI]adj.&adv.每周(的)⑳mixturen．混合(物)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))bubble['bʌbl]vi.起泡；沸腾；汩汩地流动eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))eacross遇见；碰上eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))relevant['reləvənt]adj.有关的；切题的(be)relevantto与……相关；与……切题eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))anyway同anyhow,副词，意为“不管怎样，无论如何”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))tobehonest说实话eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))makeadifferenceto...对……有作用/有影响eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))actuallyadv.的确；事实上；真实地eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))dialectn．方言eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))remote[rI'məʊt]adj.遥远的；偏僻的beremotefrom远离eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))ridge[rIdʒ]n.山脊；屋脊eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))weed[wiːd]n.杂草；野草vt.&vi.除杂草eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))shakehandswith与……握手eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))relativen．亲戚eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))hut[hʌt]n.棚屋；小屋eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))stickout伸出；突出eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))rectangular[rek'tæŋɡjʊlə]adj.长方形的；矩形的rectangle['rektæŋɡl]n.矩形；长方形eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))getthrough穿过；通过；完成eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))adjust[ə'dʒʌst]vi.&vt.调整；(使)适合eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))layvt.(laid；laid)放；搁置；下蛋lie—lay—lain躺；位于lie—lied—lied撒谎eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))platform['plætfɔːm]n.台；平台；讲台；(火车站的)月台eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))would在此表示过去的一种习惯。eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))possessionn．[C]所有物，财物(多用复数)；[U]拥有inpossessionof拥有inone’spossession被某人拥有eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))broom[bruːm]n.扫帚eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))tin[tIn]n.锡eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))jar[dʒɑː]n.罐；广口瓶eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))buildafire生火(＝makeafire)eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))greensn．青菜eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))steamv．蒸n．蒸汽；水汽eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))sniff[snIf]vt.&vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))participate[pɑː'tIsIpeIt]vi.参与；参加participateinsth.参与某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))interpreter[In'tɜːprItə]n.作口译的人eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))grill[ɡrIl]n.烤架；大平底锅vt.烧烤；炙烤eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))puzzledadj.感到迷惑的eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))dryout(使浸水等之物)完全变干；干透eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))leftover['leftˌəʊvə]n.剩余物；残留物；剩饭adj.剩余的eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))evil['iːvl]adj.邪恶的n．邪恶；罪恶eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))dryup(指河流、井等)干涸eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))otherwise['ʌðəwaIz]conj.否则；不然adv.用别的方法；其他方面eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))musclen．肌肉eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))achevi.痛，疼eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))privilege['prIvəlIdʒ]n.特权；特别优待eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))preparelessons备课eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))paperwork['peIpəwɜːk]n.文书工作ALETTERHOMEDearRosemary，Thanksforyourletter，whichtookafortnight①toarrive.Itwaswonderfultohearfrom②you.Iknowyou’redyingto③hearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincluded④somephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicture⑤theplacesItalkabout.◆whichtookafortnighttoarrive是非限制性定语从句，修饰yourletter。◆Iknow...talkabout.中，Iknow...here是省略that的宾语从句，whichwillhelp...是which引导的定语从句，修饰somephotos，Italkabout是省略that的定语从句。Youaskedaboutmyhighschool.Well,it’sabushschool—theclassroomsaremadeofbambooandtheroofs⑥ofgrass．Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownamuddy⑦track⑧.WhenIreachtheschoolgroundstherearelotsof“goodmornings”formefromtheboys.Manyofthemhavewalkedalongway,sometimesupto⑨twohours,togettoschool.◆theroofsofgrass承接and前的分句，roofs后省略了aremade。◆Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人一些时间。There’snoelectricityorwaterandevennotextbooks⑩either!I’mstilltryingtoadaptto⑪theseconditions⑫.However,onethingisforsure⑬，I’vebeemoreimaginative⑭inmyteaching.Scienceismymostchallenging⑮subjectasmystudentshavenoconcept⑯ofdoingexperiments.Infactthereisnoequipment,andifIneedwaterIhavetocarryitfrommyhouseinabucket⑰！Theotherday⑱Iwasshowingtheboystheweekly⑲chemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixture⑳wasbubblingeq\o\ac(○,)overeverywhere!Theboyswhohadnevereacrosseq\o\ac(○,)anythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.SometimesIwonderhowrelevanteq\o\ac(○,)chemistryistothesestudents,mostofwhomwillbegoingbacktotheirvillagesafterYear8anywayeq\o\ac(○,).Tobehonesteq\o\ac(○,),IdoubtwhetherI’mmakinganydifferencetoeq\o\ac(○,)theseboys’livesatall.◆asmystudentshavenoconcept...是as引导的原因状语从句。下一段第二句中的asIdon’tspeak...也是as引导的原因状语从句。◆Iwasshowing...中wasshowing...when是“bedoing...when...”结构，beforeIknew...是before引导的时间状语从句。◆whohadnevereacrossanythinglikethisbefore是who引导的定语从句，修饰Theboys。◆mostofwhom...是“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰thesestudents。从句中willbedoingsth.是将来进行时，表示将来某一具体时间点或时间段正在发生的事情。YouaskedwhetherI’mgettingtoknowanylocalpeople.Well,that’sactuallyeq\o\ac(○,)quitedifficultasIdon’tspeakmuchofthelocalEnglishdialecteq\o\ac(○,)yet.Butlastweekendanotherteacher,Jenny,andIdidvisitavillagewhichisthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.Itwasmyfirstvisittoaremoteeq\o\ac(○,)village.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgeeq\o\ac(○,)fromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.Whenwearrivedatthevillage,Tombe’smother,Kiak,whohadbeenpullingweedseq\o\ac(○,)inhergarden,startedcrying“ieeeieee”.Weshookhandswitheq\o\ac(○,)allthevillagers.Everyoneseemedtobearelativeeq\o\ac(○,)ofTombe’s.◆didvisit中did表示强调，强调谓语动词visit，意为“确实，的确”。强调谓语在其前加do/does/did。强调主语、宾语、状语等成分用强调句型：itis/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。◆whichisthehomeof...是which引导的定语从句，修饰avillage。◆fromwhere引导定语从句，where指代ontheridge或alongtheridge。◆Whenwe...“ieeeieee”．中Whenwearrivedatthevillage是when引导的时间状语从句，Kiak是Tombe’smother的同位语，whohad...是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Tombe’smother。Tombe’sfather,Mukap,ledustohishouse,alowbamboohuteq\o\ac(○,)withgrassstickingouteq\o\ac(○,)oftheroof—thisshowsitisaman’shouse.Thehutswereround,notrectangulareq\o\ac(○,)liketheschoolbuildings.Therewerenowindowsandthedoorwaywasjustbigenoughtogetthrougheq\o\ac(○,).Thehutwasdarkinsidesoittooktimeforoureyestoadjusteq\o\ac(○,).Freshgrasshadbeenlaideq\o\ac(○,)onthefloorandtherewasanewlymadeplatformeq\o\ac(○,)forJennyandmetosleepon.UsuallyKiakwouldeq\o\ac(○,)sleepinherownhut,butthatnightshewasgoingtosharetheplatformwithus.MukapandTombeweretosleeponsmallbedsinanotherpartofthehut.Therewasafireplaceinthecentreofthehutnearthedoorway.Theonlypossessionseq\o\ac(○,)Icouldseewereonebroomeq\o\ac(○,),afewtineq\o\ac(○,)platesandcupsandacoupleofjarseq\o\ac(○,).◆withgrassstickingoutoftheroof是with复合结构，在句中作定语，修饰hut。◆forsb.todo是动词不定式的复合结构，在句中作后置定语。若动词为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。◆Icouldsee是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词possessions。先行词被Theonly修饰，定语从句引导词要用that，不能用which。OutsideMukapwasbuildingafireeq\o\ac(○,).Oncethefirewasgoing,helaidstonesonit.Whenhot,heplacedtheminanemptyoildrumwithkaukau(sweetpotato),cornandgreenseq\o\ac(○,).Hethencoveredthevegetableswithbananaleavesandleftthemtosteameq\o\ac(○,).Isniffedeq\o\ac(○,)thefood;itsmelleddelicious.Weateinsidethehutsittingroundthefire.Ilovedlisteningtothefamilysoftlytalkingtoeachotherintheirlanguage,eventhoughIcouldnotparticipateeq\o\ac(○,)intheconversation.Luckily,Tombecouldbeourinterpretereq\o\ac(○,).◆once引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦”。◆Whenhot是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：whentheywerehot。◆现在分词短语sittingroundthefire在句中作方式状语。◆eventhough(＝evenif)引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。Later,Inoticedatincanstandingupsidedownonthegrilleq\o\ac(○,)overthefire.AfterashorttimeTombethrewitoutofthedoorway.Iwaspuzzledeq\o\ac(○,).Tombetoldmethatthecanwasheatedtodryouteq\o\ac(○,)theleftovereq\o\ac(○,)food.Theybelievethatanyleftoversattractevileq\o\ac(○,)spiritsinthenight,sothefoodisdriedupeq\o\ac(○,)inthecanandthecanisthenthrownoutofthehut.Otherwiseeq\o\ac(○,)theydon’twasteanything.◆notice＋宾语＋doingsth.意为“注意到……在做某事”。句中现在分词standing作宾补。Weleftthevillagethenextmorningaftermanygoodbyesandfirmhandshakes.Mymuscleseq\o\ac(○,)wereachingeq\o\ac(○,)andmykneesshakingasweclimbeddownthemountaintowardshome.ThateveningIfellhappilyintobed.Itwassuchaprivilegeeq\o\ac(○,)tohavespentadaywithTombe’sfamily.◆mykneesshaking承接and前的分句，knees后省略了were。◆Itwasaprivilegetodosth.做某事是一种殊荣。tohavedone是动词不定式的完成式，表明该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。It’sgettinglateandIhavetopreparetomorrow’slessonseq\o\ac(○,)anddosomepaperworkeq\o\ac(○,).Pleasewritesoon.Love，Jo一封家书亲爱的罗斯玛丽：谢谢你的来信，这封信花了两星期才到。收到你的信真是太高兴了。我知道你急于了解我在这里的生活情况，因此我在信中附了几张照片，这将帮助你想象出我所谈到的地方。你问起我的情况。嗯，它是一所丛林——教室是用竹子搭起来的，屋顶是用茅草盖的。我只要沿着一条泥泞的小路步行几分钟就到了。当我走到操场的时候，迎接我的是男孩子们一片“早上好”的声音。他们中许多人要走很长的路，有时候走多达两个小时才到。这儿没有电，也没有水，甚至连课本也没有！我还在努力适应这些情况。但是有一点是肯定的，我在教学中变得更富有想象力了。理科对我来说是最具有挑战性的课，因为我的学生对做实验没有概念。实际上，根本没有设备。如果需要水，我还得从家里用水桶提过来！不久前的一天，我正在给男孩子们做每周一次的化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，这时混合剂就到处冒泡了！男孩子们以前从来没有见过这种情况，吓得都往窗外跳去。有时候我真想知道，化学跟这些学生有多大关系。不管怎样他们中的大多数人上完八年级以后就要回到他们的村庄去了。说实在的，我很怀疑我教的课是否会让这些男孩子的生活有所改变。你问我是否了解当地的老百姓。嗯，那实在是太难了，因为我还说不了几句当地人说的英语方言。不过，上周末我和另外一位叫珍妮的教师真的去访问了一个村庄，那是其中一个男孩汤贝的家。这是我第一次到偏僻的村子里去。我们走了两个半小时到了那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，在那儿我们欣赏了优美的风景，然后下了一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山谷。当我们到达村庄的时候，汤贝的母亲齐亚克本来在园子里拔草，看到我们就“嗳矣，嗳矣”地叫了起来。我们同所有的村民都握了手。每个人看上去都是汤贝家的亲戚。汤贝的父亲叫莫卡普，他把我们带到他的家里。这是一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上伸出一簇茅草——它表示这间竹屋是男人住的。屋子是圆的，不像那样是长方形的。这里没有窗户，房门只够一个人进出。小屋内很黑，因此我们的眼睛过了好一阵才适应过来。地上摆放着一堆新鲜的草，还有一个新搭的平台，是供珍妮和我睡觉用的。通常齐亚克是睡在她自己的小屋里的，而那天晚上她要同我们一起睡在平台上。莫卡普和汤贝则睡在竹屋另一边的小床上。在竹屋中间靠近房门的地方有一个火炉。我所看到的仅有的财产就是一把扫帚、几个锡盘和锡杯，还有几个罐子。莫卡普在屋子外边生火。火着起来后，他往火里放了几块石头。当烧热时，他把石头放在一个空油桶里，加上一些考考(红薯)、玉米和青菜，然后用香蕉叶子把这些蔬菜盖上，等着它们蒸熟。我用鼻子嗅，食物闻起来很香。我们在小屋里围着火炉坐下来吃东西。他们家里人轻声细语地用自己的语言在交谈。我喜欢听他们谈话，尽管我不能参与谈话。幸好，汤贝能给我们当翻译。后来，我发现有一个锡罐子倒放在火炉的烤架上。过了一会儿，汤贝把它从门道里扔了出去。我不懂为什么这样做。汤贝告诉我说，罐子加热是为了把里面的残菜剩饭烧干。他们相信剩饭会在夜晚引来邪灵，所以要把食物放在罐子里烧干，再把罐子扔到屋外去。否则的话，他们是不会浪费任何东西的。第二天早晨，经过一番紧紧握手和道别之后，我们就离开了村庄。我们爬下山回家，往回走的时候，我的腿部肌肉发痛，膝盖发抖。那天晚上我很开心，倒在床上就睡了。能与汤贝一家一起度过一天的时间真是莫大的荣幸。天色很晚了，我还得准备明天的课，做一些文书工作。请早日来信。爱你的，乔 eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)阅读理解ATechnoInstituteofTrainingInformationforStudentsWeletotheTechnoInstituteofTraining.Pleasereadthefollowinginformationcarefully.Alltextsrequiredinourclassesareavailable(可得到的)forsaleintheMainOffice,Room105.Pleaseseethereceptionisttobuyyourreadingmaterials.Youmusthaveallmaterialswhenyouarriveatyourfirstclassmeeting,sopleaseplantogetthemaheadoftime.Ifforanyreasonyouneedtowithdrawfromaclass,pleasenotethefollowingpolicies.Tuition(学费)willbefullyrefundedifyouwithdrawfromtheclassbeforethesecondclassmeeting.Withdrawalsmadeafterthesecondclassmeetingbutbeforethethirdwillreceivearefundof50percentofthetuition.Refundscannotbemadeafterthethirdclassmeeting.Towithdrawfromaclass,pleasevisittheRegistrar’sOfficeinRoom103.TicketstoourFridaynightspeechseriesareavailabletoallstudentsfreeofcharge.Ifyouareinterestedinattendingaspeech,pleasegetyourticketfromtheStudentActivitiesOffice,Room107.Eachstudentisallowedonlyonefreeticketperspeech.Also,visittheStudentActivitiesOfficetoseeascheduleoflocalfieldtrips,studentsocialhours,andotherupingevents.TheCounselingOffice,Room109isopenMondaythroughThursdayfrom3：00to9：00p．m.Assistanceisavailableforchoosingclasses,makingfutureeducationalplans,andsearchingforemployment.Changesinyourclassschedulemaybemadeduringthefirstweekofthesemester(学期)only.ClasschangeformsareavailableintheCounselingOffice.Youmustgettheinstructor’ssignaturetochangeclasses.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章为学生介绍了TechnoInstituteofTraining的一些入学须知。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheTechnoInstituteofTraining?A．Alltextscanbeborrowedfromthereceptionist.B．Tuitionshouldbepaidbythethirdclassmeeting.C．Refundscannotbemadeafterthesecondclassmeeting.D．Allmaterialsshouldbeboughtbeforethefirstclassmeeting.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Youmusthaveallmaterialswhenyouarriveatyourfirstclassmeeting,sopleaseplantogetthemaheadoftime.可知，在第一节课的时候，你就需要准备好所有的材料。2．Whichofficeshouldyouvisitifyouwanttogetaspeechticket?A．Room103. B．Room105.C．Room107. D．Room109.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Ifyouareinterestedinattendingaspeech,pleasegetyourticketfromtheStudentActivitiesOffice,Room107.可知，如果你想去观看演讲就要去107房间拿票。3．Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttochangeyourclass?A．ApplyforitontheInternet.B．Gettheinstructor’ssignature.C．GototheCounselingOfficeonFriday.D．Handinyourformafterthefirstweek.B解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段Changesinyourclassschedulemaybemade...Youmustgettheinstructor’ssignaturetochangeclasses.可知，换课需要得到教师的签字。BKendrickLamar,whowasbornonJune17,1987inpton,California,haswonthe2018PulitzerPrizeforMusic.Heisthefirstwinnerwhoisnotaclassicalorjazzmusician.ColumbiaUniversityawardsthemusicprizeseachyear,whichareagreathonor.Lamaralsogot$15，000.FarahGriffin,ateacherattheschool,wasinthegroupthatpickedLamar’salbum(专辑)forthePulitzerPrize.“It’sbigforhiphop(嘻哈音乐).Ithinkit’salsobigforourcountryandformusic，”shesaid.“Butit’sbigforthePulitzerPrize,too.”Lamar’salbumiscalled“DAMN”，whichincludeswordsthatadultsmaynotwantkidstohear.Heusesrhymestotellstoriesaboutblacklife.Hissongsareaboutrace,socialjustice(正义)andproblemswithpolice.Buttheyarealsoaboutloveandhope.Musicexpertslovethealbum.Musicbuyersdo,too.ThatissomethingnewaspastPulitzerPrizewinnershavebeenlovedbyexperts,buttheyhavenotalwayssoldalotofalbums.Griffinsaidshethoughtsomepeople“wouldn’tliketheidea”ofgivingtheprizetoarapper.Shethoughtsomemightbeangry.Butshewassurprised.“Ihaven’theardalotofthat，”shesaid.ReginaCarterwasalsointhegroupthatpickedthealbum.“Ifaworkisgreatenough,youcan’tdenyit，”shesaid.ThefirstPulitzerPrizesweregivenin1917,andmusicstartedtobehonoredin1943.AwardsusedtogoonlytowritersofclassicalmusicbecauseitismoreformalanditcamefromEurope.ThePulitzerPrizeshavenotalwayshonoredAfrican­Americanmusicians.Somewantedtogiveaspecialprizein1965toDukeEllington,whowasagreatjazzartist,buthedidnotgetaPulitzer.Aprizedidnotgotoajazzworkuntil1997.Thereisnowmorepopularmusicamongtheprizes.Lin­ManuelMirandawrotethehiphopmusical“Hamilton”andhewonthePulitzerPrizeforDrama(戏剧)in2016.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在2018年获得普利策音乐奖的说唱歌手——肯德里克·拉马尔。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutLamarfromthetext?A．Heputouthisfirstalbumin2018.B．HelearnedhiphopfromFarahGriffin.C．HeisagraduateofColumbiaUniversity.D．HehasmadehistorybywinningaPulitzerPrize.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Heisthefirstwinnerwhoisnotaclassicalorjazzmusician.可知，肯德里克·拉马尔是第一个荣获普利策音乐奖的说唱歌手，所以他创造了历史。5．WhatisspecialaboutLamar’salbum“DAMN”？A．Itisabadseller.B．Itisgivenagreathonor.C．Itisunacceptedbyadults.D．Itaimstotellhisownstories.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，肯德里克·拉马尔的专辑“DAMN”不仅获得了专家的认可，而且在市场上非常畅销，由此可知，人们非常认可他的专辑。6．WhatmadeGriffinsurprised?A．Othermusicexperts’opposition.B．Somepeoplebeingangrywithrappers.C．People’sattitudetowardLamar’swinning.D．ReginaCarternotwantingtopick“DAMN”．C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，Griffin以为让一位说唱歌手获得普利策音乐奖会使有些人生气，但是事实并非如此，大家对他获奖一事持支持态度，这让Griffin很惊讶。7．WhydidtheauthormentionLin­ManuelMiranda?A．Tospeakhighlyofhiphopmusicians.B．Tointroduceaworld­famouspopularstar.C．ToshowthePulitzerPrizehaschangedovertime.D．TopresentthewinnerofthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.C解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Awardsusedtogoonlytowritersofclassicalmusic及Thereisnowmorepopularmusicamongtheprizes...wonthePulitzerPrizeforDrama(戏剧)in2016.可知，以前的普利策音乐奖都是颁给古典乐的，而随着时代的进步，越来越多的流行音乐也获此殊荣，作者提到创作嘻哈音乐的Lin­ManuelMiranda获得普利策戏剧奖是为了说明普利策奖在随着时代的进步而变化。CEarlychildhoodisthebestpossibletimetolearnasecondlanguage.Childrenwhoexperiencetwolanguagesfrombirthtypicallybeenativespeakersofboth.Butthequestionremains:Isitconfusingforbabiestolearntwolanguagesatthesametime?MypartnersandIrecentlystudiedthebrainprocessingoflanguagesoundsin11­month­oldbabiesfrommonolingual(Englishonly)andbilingual(Spanish­English)homes.Wefoundsomekeydifferencesbetweenbabiesraisedinmonolingualversusbilingualhomes.At11monthsofage,justbeforemostbabiesbegintosaytheirfirstwords,thebrainrecordingsshowedthat:BabiesfrommonolingualEnglishhouseholdsarespecializedtoprocess(处理)thesoundsofEnglish,andnotthesoundsofSpanish,anunfamiliarlanguage.BabiesfrombilingualSpanish­Englishhouseholdsarespecializedtoprocessthesoundsofbothlanguages,SpanishandEnglish.Ourfindingsshowthatbabies’brainsbeesensitivetowhateverlanguageorlanguagestheyhearfromtheircaregivers.Amonolingualbrainbeessensitivetothesoundsofonelanguage,andabilingualbrainbeessensitivetothesoundsoftwolanguages.By11monthsofage,theactivityinthebabybrainreflectsthelanguageorlanguagesthattheyhavebeenexposedto.Itisnowunderstoodthattheconstantneedtoshift(转移)attentionbetweenlanguagesleadstoseveralcognitive(认知的)advantages.Researchhasfoundthatbilingualadultsandchildrenshowanimprovedexecutivefunctioningofthebrain—thatis,theyareabletoshiftattention,switchbetweentasksandsolveproblemsmoreeasily.Thereisevidencethatbeingbilingualmakesthelearningofathirdlanguageeasier.Further,theeffectsoftwo­languageexperiencearethoughttotranslateintoprotectiveeffectsagainstcognitivedeclinewithagingandtheattackofAlzheimer’sdisease.So,ifyouwantyourchildtoknowmorethanonelanguage,it’sbesttostartatanearlyage,beforetheyevenstartspeakingtheirfirstlanguage.Itwon’tconfuseyourchild,anditcouldevenhelphim/herimproveotherformsofcognition.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。儿童时期是语言学习的最佳时期，但是同时学习两种语言会产生混淆吗？8．Whatdoesthestudyonthe11­month­oldbabiesmainlyshowus?A．Babiescanlearnlanguagesasearlyaselevenmonthsold.B．Babiesareabletoreacttothesoundsofdifferentlanguages.C．Babiesrefusetoprocessanunfamiliarlanguage.D．Babiesaregiftedinlanguagelearning.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的BabiesfrommonolingualEnglishhouseholds...anunfamiliarlanguage.及BabiesfrombilingualSpanish­Englishhouseholds...SpanishandEnglish.可知，研究表明，孩子能够处理他们平时经常接触到的不同语言，而对不常接触到的语言则不能够做出反应。9．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A．Bilingualchildrenmayhavebetterlearningabilitythanbilingualadults.B．Learninganewlanguagecanhelpcurecognitivedecline.C．Bilingualchildrencanfocusononetaskforlong.D