Unit1GrammarTask知识点讲义牛津译林版英语八年级上册

教学目标教学内容预习8AU1GrammarTask重点、难点Task课文大意；掌握重点短语、句式形容词比较级最高级教学过程Grammar重点语法讲解（一）形容词的比较级【解析】1.定义：形容词的比较级用于两者之间的比较。2.常用句式结构：A+动词+比较级+than+B。eg：He'syoungerthanme.A.形容词比较级的其他句式结构：(1)疑问词+is+比较级，…or．．．？例如：Whichisbigger，thisoneorthatone?(2)A+be+比较级+thananyother+单数名词，表示“比任何别的人（事物）都……”。例如：I’mtallerthananyotherstudentinmyclass.=I'mthetalleststudentinmyclass.B.形容词比较级的特殊结构：“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。eg：Theweatherisgettinghotterandhotter.(2)“the+比较级（+主语十谓语十其他），the+比较级（+主语十谓语+其他）”表示“越……（就）越……”。eg：Themorewegettogether，thestrongerwe'llbe.我们越团结就越强大。(3)表示“几倍于”用“…times+as.....as”。eg：Mybedroomistwiceasbigasyours.“the+比较级+ofthetwo”表示“两个中较……的一个”。eg：Iknowthetallerofthetwoyoungmen.【提醒】A形容词比较级前可用much，even，still，far，alittle，alot，no，any等限定词修饰，表示程度“……得多”等意思。eg：Helooksmuchbettertoday.B在用比较级进行比较时要注意两个对象是否一致。eg：Herhairislongerthanmine.[正]Herhairislongerthanme.[误]EX:1.Doyouthinkmathis.thanEnglish?AdifficultB.asdifficultC.moredifficultD.mostdifficult2.Doyouthinkwhichlanguageis,JapaneseorEnglish?AinterestingB.themostinterestingC.moreinterestingD.mostinteresting3.IthinkChineseis_thananyothersubject.AeasyB.easierC.easiestD.theeasiest4.It'ssummernow,theweatherisgetting_..AhigherandhigherB.lowerandlowerC.hotterandhotterD.colderandcolder（二）形容词的最高级【解析】1．定义：三者或三者以上的人或事物比较，其中一个在程度上超过其他几个时，要用最高级。2．常用句式结构：主语+be+the+最高级（+名词）+in/of/among短语，表示“最……”。eg：Tomisthecleverestofalltheboys.【提醒】in短语表示环境范围，后接的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴；of/among短语表示对象范围，后接的名词和主语是同一概念范畴。【注意】形容词最高级的其他句式结构：(1)疑问词+is+the+最高级（+名词），…，…or…？eg：Whichisthetallestboy，Tom，JimorAndy?汤姆，吉姆，安迪中哪一个是最高的男孩？主语+be+oneof+the+最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”。eg：Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.主语+be+序数词+最高级+名词单数，表示“第几……最……”。eg：Asweknow，theYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.【提醒】形容词最高级前面若有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定修饰时，不再加the。eg：John'sgreatestwishistobeeanartist．走进中考(1)Whatanicewatchitis!Yes.It's____oneofall.A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensiveD.mostexpensive(2012苏州)Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmyousawyesterday?Oh!It'soneoffilmsI'veeverseen.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting(3)（2012．常州）Tedisbig.MarkisbiggerthanTed.FredisbiggerthanMark（合并句子）Fredistheallthethree.根据句意及所给首字母或中文提示写出单词1.Thebasketis(几乎)fullofapples.2.Whowouldyouc_asyourbestfriend?Millie,ofcourse,3.Heisl.80metersinh.4.Readerisapopular(杂志)inChina.Manypeoplelikereadingit.5.Iwanttobea(社会的)workerwhenIgrowup.6．Don'tbe（害羞的），speakloudly.7.Youshouldbemore（耐心的）withyourgrandfatherwhenheissick.8.TherewillbeanEnglish(测试)tomorrowmorrung.Weareallgettingreadyforit.9.ManyvisitorsetoTian'anmenSeveryday.10.Peopleliketheboybecausehehasbigand微笑的）eyes.重点词汇巩固eight【解析】1)height名词，“高，高度”。固定短语theheightof.“……的高度”；inheight“在高度上”。eg：Theheightofthemountainisover50，000kilometers.2)high形容词，“高的”，一般指物体位置高，强调高出于地面之上，其反义词为low。eg：Theapplesaretoohigh，soIcan'treachthem.苹果太高了，我够不着它们。【拓展】英语中提到某人或某物的高度的句型：提问人：what’syourheight?提问物：Howhight......?Howtallareyou?What’stheheightof......?EX:1.(2012江苏镇江)What'sthe____（高度）ofYaoming?Idon'tknow.MaybeheisshorterthanYaoMing.2.(2012江苏盐城)Theboyismorethan2metersin(high)andheisgoodatplayingbasketball.eight【解析】1)weight名词，“重量”。固定短语theweightof...“……的重量”；inweight“在重量上”。eg：Theappleis300gramsinweight.Themanisnearlytwicemyweight.weigh动词，“有……重，重达……”。固定句型“sb.weigh.”表示“某人称…的重量”；“sthweigh(s)+具体数字”表示“某物重……”。eg：Doyouoftenweighyourself?Thisboxweighsfivekilograms.【拓展】英语中提问某人的体重固定句型：①What'syourweight?②Howmuchdoyouweigh?③Howheavyareyou?EX：1.她的体重增加到了70公斤。hasincreasedt070kilos.2.用这种方法他称出了大象的重量。Inthiswayhegottheelephant.【解析】1)plan名词，“打算，计划”，复数为plans。eg：What'syourplanforthisweekend?I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparents.plan动词，“计划，打算”，现在分词为planning，过去式为planned。固定结构plansth“计划某事”；plantodosth.“计划去做某事”。eg：Myfatherplanstochangehislifestyle.EX:1.萨拉正在问杨佩关于未来的打算。SaraisaskingYangPeiabout.2.他们打算夏天结婚。They____getmarriedinthesummer.4.makefriends【解析】makefriends交朋友，其中friend要用复数形式，makefriendswithsb.“与某人交朋友”。eg：YoucanmakefriendswithAmericanstoimproveyourEnglish.make常构成的固定短语：makesure确信，明白makemistakes犯错误makeclothes做衣服makesomenoise制造噪音makefaces扮鬼脸makesb.dosth使某人做某事eg：Canyoumakesureyouareright?Youshouldnotmakeanymistakesinyourhomework..EX:She'sfriendly.Everyoneofuslikesto_her.A.makefriendBmakefriendsC.makefriendsofD.makefriendswithandsome【解析】handsome形容词，“英俊的”，主要用来形容男人英俊潇洒，仪表堂堂，眉清目秀，使人产生美好、欢快的感觉，间或也可形容女人清秀端庄，举止文雅。eg：Heisatall，dark，andhandsomeman他是个身材高大、皮肤黝黑、英俊的男子.【辨析】handsome,goodlooking,beautiful与prettyhandsome指男人外貌英俊；女人外貌端庄goodlooking指男孩、女孩相貌好看的，漂亮的beautiful指女性外在没、内在美；也可指物pretty指女人和孩子漂亮、俊俏、可爱eg:LuYiisaveryhandsomefilmstar.陆毅是一位很英俊的电影明星。Tomisagoodlookingboy.汤姆是一位相貌好看的男孩。MissGaoisabeautifulwoman高老师是一位美丽的女性。Annisslimandpretty.安既苗条又漂亮。【小试牛刀】根据句意，用handsome,goodlooking,beautiful,pretty填空1.Herhusbandisaveryyoungman2.Lookatthoseflowers.3.Heisgoingafterthatgirl.4.Ithinkmostpeoplelikepeople.6.patient【解析】1)patient形容词，“耐心的”，反义词为impatient。在句中通常用作表语或定语，固定短语bepatientwithsb.“对某人有耐心”eg：Facingthetroubleheispatient．Youshouldbemorepatientwithyourgrandfatherwhenheissick.patient名词，“病人”。eg：Therearelotsofpatientsinthehospitalinwinter．EX:(2012.江苏淮安)Mum,mylittlesisteriscryingallthetime.Mary,be!ShefeelssickYoushouldtakegoodcareofher.A.重点短语归纳somethingtodrink一些喝的东西somemorefood另外一些食物keepasecret保守秘密careabout关心，关怀makemehappy使我高兴telllies说谎anytime任何时候oneofmybestfriends我最好的朋友之一haveagoodvoice有一副好的嗓子makehimlooksmart使他看起来很聪明feelbored感到无聊sayabadwordaboutsomeone说某人的坏话drawingpetition绘画比赛haveasmileonherface有一张笑脸makefriendswithsb.与某人交朋友travelaroundtheworld周游世界futureplan未来计划knockourbooksandpensontothefloor把我们的书和笔撞到地上both....and....既。。。又。。。haveagoodsenseofhumour有很强的幽默感havearoundface有一张圆脸makeanexcellentteacher成为一名杰出的老师重点句型分析wouldliketobeasocialworkerwhenIgrowup.【解析】1)主句+when引导的时间状语从句。socialworker名词，“社会福利工作者”，social形容词，“社会的”。eg：Asasocialworker,shedoesalotofworkforpoorchildren.固定短语：socialwork社会福利工作；socialquestion社会问题；socialsystem社会制度；socialpractice社会实践EX:1.他兼职做社会义工。Heworksasinhisparttime.2.她打算毕业后从事社会福利工作。Shewantstodowhenshefinishescollege.What’shelike?He'scleverandhumorous.【解析】1)What'ssb.like?表示“某人性格怎么样？”该句型主要是询问对某人的印象，包括外表、个性、为人等。eg：What'syourfatherlike?你爸爸这个人怎么样？He'syeryniceandheisfriendlytopeople.他很不错，待人友好。2)What'ssth.like?用来询问事物的性质，特别是用来谈论天气情况。eg：What'stheweatherlike?今天天气怎么样？Veryfine.很晴朗.【辨析】固定句型What'shelike?与Whatdoeshelooklike?eg：What'sTomlike?汤姆这个人怎么样？He，syeryfriendly.他很友好。WhatdoesTomlooklike?汤姆长得什么样子？He'syerytall.他很高。humorous形容词，“幽默的”，名词为humoureg：UncleWangisahumorousman,heoftentellsusfunnystories.Ex:(1)?Heisquickandbrave.A.WhatisheB.WhatishisnameC.WhatishelikeD.Whatdoeshelooklike(2)?Heistall.A.HowisheB.WhatdoeshelooklikeC.WhatdoeshelikeD.Howdoeshelike(3)Heisaverykindlyandratherhman.3.Kateisbothmyneighbourandmybestfriend【解析】1)both…and…表示“既……又……；……和……都”，用于连接两个并列的成分，可连接名词、代词、动词等。若连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。eg：Bothyouandhelikereading.ShecanspeakbothEnglishandChinese.both作代词时为复数，bothof后接名词、代词的复数形式，而名词前必须与the或形容词性物主代词连用，代词需用宾格代词。eg：Bothofuslikemusic.=Webothlikemusic.both．．and...的否定形式为neither.．．nor…或noteither.．．or...，其用法要遵循就近原则。eg：Neitherhisfathernorhismotherisateacher.EX:(1)GianTaraarestudyingChinesehistoryandculturenow.Theyfindthemrichandamazing.ABoth;andB.Notonly;butalsoC.Either;orD.Neither;nor4.Shealwayshasasmileonherfaceandlookshappy.【解析】1)smile名词，“微笑”，指脸上表示欢喜快乐的表情，有时也可指“苦笑”，为可数名词，常用单数形式。eg:Hersmilemakesherevenmorebeautiful.smile动词，“微笑”，形容词为smiling“微笑的，带着笑意的”。eg：Ineversmileatpeoplewhoarerudetome.EX:1.他笑着看着这个婴儿。Helookedatthebaby.2.我进房时，她微微一笑，我也报以微笑。SheasIenteredtheroom.Ireturnedthe.5.Ithinkshewillmakeanexcellentteacher.【解析】excellent形容词，“杰出的，极好的”，通