江苏省高考英语模拟试卷16k

eee中国易学习测评研究院eee 英语试卷第6页（共14页）infact,trainsareninetimesmorelikelytoderailthantohitanothertrainorcarhead-onortogethitfrombehind,accordingtotheFederalRailroadAdministration(FRA).Theadministrationfoundthattherewereabout13,200derailmentsfrom2005to2014,comparedwithabout1,450collisions.InvestigatorsareworkingtodeterminewhatcausedthederailmentofAmtrak'sNortheastRegionalTrain188,whichwascarrying238passengersandfivecrewmembersenroutefromWashington,D.C.,toNewYorkTuesdaynight(May12).Thetrainhadsevencars,includingtheenginecar,whichseparatedfromtheothersintheaccident.Sixofthecarsoverturned,andsomeweresotwistedthatfirefightershadtousehydraulic(液压的)toolstogetpeopleout,TheNewYorkTimesrStudiessuggestthatbrokenrailsorwelds(焊接点)aretheleadingcauseofderailmentonmaintracks,andtheseproblemsmoreoftencausederailmentsnearthefrontofthetrain.Overall,choosingacarlocatedoneortwobackfromthemiddleofthetrainmaybethesafestbet,RossCapon,presidentof

theNationalAssociationofRailroadPassengers,toldCBSNewYorkin2013.Head-oncollisionsdooccur,however.InFebruary,aMetro-NorthcommutertraininValhalla,NewYork,collidedwithanS.U.V.onthetracks,killingsixpeople,includingthecar'sdriver,andinjuring15others.Thatcrashwassodeadly,inpart,becauselongsectionsoftheelectrifiedthirdrailpierced(Ingeneral,aisleseatsaresaferthanwindowseats,whereapassengerismorelikelytocomeincontactwithbrokenglassorbethrownfromthetrain,CapontoldCBSNewYork.Safetyexpertsalsorecommendchoosingarear-facingseat,becauseapersonsittingthereislesslikelytobethrownforwardduringacollision.Trainsaremorelikelytohitsomethingside-onthanhead-onorfrombehind,accordingtotheFRA.Ifthetrainhasacafécar,it'sagoodideatoavoidspendingtoomuchtimethere,becausetherigidtablescanbecomedangerousifthetrainsuddenlybreaksorhitssomething,Vreported.Trainsarestilloneofthesafestmodesoftransport;in2013,891U.S.fatalitieswerelinkedtorailtravel,comparedwithmorethan32,700deathsfromhighwayaccidents,accordingtotheNationalTransportationSafetyBoard.Andthevastmajorityofrailroaddeathsaretrespassers(违规穿行者)struckbytrains.56．AccordingtoFRA,themostcommoncauseoftrainaccidentsis______.A.DerailmentsB.Head-oncollisionC.Hitfrombehind D.Collisionwithtrespassers57.Ingeneral,thesafestplaceonatrainis______.A.ThecafécaronthetrainB.AcarnearthemiddleofthetrainC.WindowseatsatthebackofthetrainD.Rear-faceseatsatthefrontofthetrain58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fatalities”inthelastparagraphmean?A.accidents B.deaths C.threats D.facilitiesBSaravjeetKaurmeetshundredsofnurseseveryyear－butsheknowssheshouldnotgettooattachedtothem.“Iftheycompleteoneyear,”saysMsKaur,directorofnursingforoneofthebiggestprivate-hospitalsystemsinIndia,“I’mhappywiththem.”TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommends2.5doctors,nursesandmidwivesforevery1,000people.AmericaandBritainhavemorethan12.Indiahasjust1.6.Astheworldgrowsolderandfatter,competitionforhealth-careworkerswillonlyintensify.Intherichworld,shortagesvaryinsizeandnature.Americamaybethebestexampleofdysfunction.Becomingadoctorconsumesaminimumofsevenyears,notcountingfouryearsspentinuniversity.Morethan80%ofgraduatesleavemedicalschoolwithdebt,owinganaverageof$149,103.Thatunderlinesincentivestopracticethemoreprofitable,specializedtypesofmedicine,andleadstoashortageofprimary-caredoctors,whoearnlessandworkharderthan,say,dermatologists(皮肤科医生).TheAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegespredictsashortageof45,000primary-caredoctorsby2010,preciselythetypeofdoctorswhomightmanagechoronic(慢性的)conditions.Thismaydriverichcountriestolookfortalentinpoorones－wheretheshortageofprofessionalsisalreadymuchworse.Governmentsinvesttoolittleinmedicaltraining,andthosedoctorswhoaretrainedoftenleavetoseekhighersalariesorbetterworkingconditions.IndiasuppliesaboutoneintenofBritain’sphysicians.Worriedaboutsuchdrainingofbrains,in2010membersoftheWorldHealthOrganizationsignedaresolutiontopreventtherecruitment(招募)ofdoctorsfromthepoorworldtotherichone.Butlimitingthemovementofworkersisafarpoorersolutionthanexpandingtrainingprogrammes.ThePhilippinesistheworld’leadingexporterofnurses,yetcontinuestohavemorenursesperpersonthanSpainorJapan.Thechanceofmigrationencouragesstudentstobecomenurses.Some,inevitably,stayhome.Inastudyof127developingcountriesin2009,theprospectofmigrationboostedhumancapital,ratherthandrainingit.Troublebeginsonlyifmorethan20%ofcollegegraduatesleave,accordingtoanearlierstudy.AtMaxHealthcare,hercompanyinIndia,MsKaurdoesnotmindwhensomenursesmoveabroad;afterall,manychoosenotto.MaxevenhasaprogrammethatexplicitlyusestheWest’sattractiontoitsadvantage.Toboostitssupplyofemergencydoctors,MaxcreatedatrainingprogrammewithGeorgeWashingtonUniversityinAmerica.“Youcan’tstoppeoplefrommoving,”saysTamorishKole,whorunstheprogramme,“Soyoumightaswelluseitasatoolofrecruitment.”59.AccordingtoSaravjeetKaur,inIndia______.A.Nurses’workingconditionsareprettygoodB.It’snotagoodideatobecloselyrelatedtonursesC.It’squitecommonfornursestoleaveforbettersalariesD.Thenumberofnursesmovingabroadkeepsdecreasing60.Whyisthereashortageofprimary-caredoctorsinAmerica?A.Becauseprimary-caredoctorsarenotwell-paid.B.Becausegovernmentsfailtoinvestenoughmoney.C.Becauseittakesatleast7yearstobecomeadoctor.D.Becausemoreandmorepeoplecomedownwithdiseases.61.Maxcreatedatrainingprogrammeto______.A.improvedoctors’skillsB.attractmoredoctorstostayC.limitthemovementofdoctorsD.exportmoredoctorstotherichworldCI’mgoodunderpressure.Partofthatcomesfrommydad,whotaughtmethebestdefenseagainstfearisfaith.ThentherewerethesixyearsIservedinthemilitary.Ilearnedtohandlemyselfinallkindsofsituations.Thekeywasbeingprepared,soIcouldremainincontrolevenifeverythingaroundmewasgoinghaywire.AfterIfulfilledmytermofenlistment,Ipursuedmydreamofbecomingapilot.Ienrolledatoneofthetopflight-trainingschools.MyflightinstructorwassurprisedathoweasilyItooktoflying.HewasamazedtofindIhadfunpracticingstalls(飞机失速).Stallinganairplanehastodowithairspeed.It’swhenyouloseliftoverthewings.Tome,practicingwasachancetobecomeabetterpilot.Nothing,though,couldhavepreparedmeforwhathappenedonFebruary12,2008.Classhadendedfortheday.Ihoppedintomyred2006FordMustang,gotonthehighwayandheadedtowardmyapartment.Acarpulledinbehindme.Turningontomystreet,Iglancedintherearviewmirrorandnoticedthecarbehindmeturntoo._A_Nah,Iwasjustcautiousfrommymilitarytraining.Myapartmentcomplexwasjustahead.Islowedandsignaled,thenturnedintotheparkinglot.Icheckedtherearviewagain.Thecarwentintothelotacrossthestreet.Nothingtoworryabout.Ipulledintoaparkingspaceandkilledtheengine.IwasabouttoopenthedoorwhenIsawamanapproaching.RightawayIknewhewastrouble.QuicklyIassessedoptions.Ihadtwochoices:Restarttheengine,backupandfloorit,orgetoutofthecarandfleeonfoot.Iruledoutthecar－Ididn’twanttoriskbeingtrappedinside.Idecidedtoseewhathewanted.Grabbingmykeysandcell,Igotout.That’swhenthemanpointedagunatme:“Givemeyourpurse!”Isaid,“Idon’thaveapurse.”Hekeptcoming.“Givemeyourpurse!”Hestucktheguninmystomach.Ididn’twanttoupsethim.Hereachedoverandsnatchedmykeysandphoneandpoppedthetrunk.Heforcedmetothebackofmycar.“Getin.”Ihesitated.“Getin,”hesnarled.“Now!”Idid－butonlybecauseIrememberedthetrunkrelease.I’dreadeverywordoftheMustangowner’smanualassoonasIgothomefrombuyingthecar.Iknewexactlywherethetrunkreleasewas.“Don’tmove,don’tmakeanoise,”hewarned.Heslammedthetrunkshut.Everythingwentdark.Iwastrapped.Fightingtheinstinctivepanic,Ifoundthetrunkreleaseandputmyhandonit.Gently,Ibegantopull.Butsomethingstoppedme:_B_Myeyeswereadjustingtothedarkness.Notthattherewasmuchtosee.Noroomtomovearoundeither._C_Itoldmyself.Iheardthekidnapperstartthecar.Heputitinreverse.Whatwasheplanningtodowithme?Ishuddered.HadIsurvivedsixyearsonactiveduty,onlytohavemylifethreatenedinsomesenselesscrime?_D_Rightthereinthetrunk,myfearreceded.Mymindcleared.Iknewwhateverdirectionheturned,he’dhavetoslowdown.Ifhewentstraight,he’dhavetostopatthestopsign.Iwaitedformychance.HedrovetheMustangforward,thenstopped.Iheardanothercarhonk.Thenheacceleratedagain.Thespeedlimitwas15mph.Icouldn’ttellwhatdirectionweweregoing.Assoonashesloweddown.Ipushedthetrunkopenandjumpedout.Ilandedonmyfeet.Therewasacarstoppedbehindme.Istaredintothedriver’seyes.Somethingtoldmehewasinleaguewithmykidnapper.Thedriverfroze.Itseemedlikehestaredatmeforever.Thenheturnedhiswheel.Ididn’thesitate.Itookoffdownthesideoftheroad.Iracedthroughpeople’syards.Iranbacktomyapartmentcomplexandbeatondoors.Onefinallyopened.Anoldladyletmein.Iquicklyclosedthedoorandlockedit.Iwasonwiththe911operatorwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.Thedoorswungopen.Astrongfigurestoodthere－aDaytonaBeachpoliceofficer.Hehadbeeninthecommunityandrespondedimmediately.Thewriterwassavedbecause______.A.thekidnappersweren’tcautiousB.thepoliceofficerwasverybraveC.hewasalwayspreparedforanythingD.hepracticedhardandwasagoodpilotWhatdoestheunderlinedphrase“goinghaywire”mean?A.inchaos B.beingastonishingC.drivingpeoplecrazy D.verydemanding64.ThefollowingsentencesshouldbeputinblanksA－Dintheorderof______?①Youhavejustonechance.②Payattention!③Ishefollowingme?④Getaholdofyourself.A.①③②④B.③①②④C.③①④②D.③②①④65.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceThedriverfroze.Itseemedlikehestaredatmeforever.suggest?A.Thewriter’ssuddenfallingfrightenedthedriver.B.Ittookthedriveralongtimetodecidetotakeaction.C.Thewriter’slandingwaswhatthedriverdidn’texpect.D.Thedriverhadnothingtodowiththekidnapping.DMotionpicturesaresomuchapartofourlivesthatit’shardtoimagineaworldwithoutthem.Weenjoythemintheatres,athome,inoffices,incarsandbuses,andonairplanes.①Forabout100years,peoplehavebeentryingtounderstandwhythismediumhassoattractedus.Filmscommunicateinformationandideas,andtheyshowusplacesandwaysoflifewemightnototherwiseknow.Importantasthebenefitsare,though,somethingmoreisatstake.Filmsofferuswaysofseeingandfeelingthatwefinddeeplysatisfying.Theytakeusthroughexperiences.Theexperiencesareoftendrivenbystories,withcharacterswecometocareabout,butafilmmightalsodevelopanideaorexplorevisualqualitiesorsoundtextures.Afilmtakesusonajourney,offeringapatternedexperiencethatengagesourmindsandemotions.②Filmsaredesignedtohaveeffectsonviewers.Lateinthe19thcentury,movingpicturesemergedasapublicamusement.Theysucceededbecausetheyspoketotheimaginativeneedsofabroad-basedaudience.Allthetraditionsthatemerged－tellingfictionalstories,recordingactualevents,animatingobjectsorpictures,experimentingwithpureform－aimedtogiveviewersexperiencestheycouldn’tgetfromothermedia.Themenandwomenwhomadefilmsdiscoveredthattheycouldcontrolaspectsofcinematogivetheiraudiencericher,moreengagingexperiences.Learningfromoneanother,expandingandrefiningtheoptionsavailable,filmmakersdevelopedskillsthatbecamethebasisoffilmasanartform.③Thepopularoriginsofcinemasuggestthatsomecommonwaysoftalkingwon’thelpusmuchinunderstandingfilm.Takethedistinctionbetweenartandentertainment.Somepeoplewouldsaythatblockbusters(大片)playingatthemultiplexaremerely“entertainment”,whereasfilmsforanarrowerpublic－perhapsindependentfilmsforfestivalfare,orspecializedexperimentalworks－aretrueart.Usuallytheart/entertainmentsplitcarriesanot-so-hiddenvaluejudgment:artishigh-brow,whereasentertainmentissuperficial.Yetthingsaren’tthatsimple.Aswejustindicated,manyoftheartisticresourcesofcinemawerediscoveredbyfilmmakersworkingforthegeneralpublic.Duringthe1910sand1920s,forinstance,manyfilmsthataimedonlytobeentertainingopenedupnewpossibilitiesforfilmediting.Asforthematterofvalue,it’sclearthatpopulartraditionscanpromoteartofhighquality.Cinemaisanartbecauseitoffersfilmmakerswaystodesignexperiencesforviewers,andthoseexperiencescanbevaluable.④Sometimes,too,peopletreatfilmartasopposedtofilmasabusiness.Thissplitisrelatedtotheissueofentertainment,sinceentertainmentgenerallyissoldtoamassaudience.Again,however,inmostmodernsocieties,noartfloatsfreeofeconomicties.Novelsgood,bad,orindifferentarepublishedbecausepublishersexpecttosellthem.Paintershopethatcollectorsandmuseumswillacquiretheirwork.True,someartworksarefundedthroughtaxesorprivatedonations,butthatprocess,too,involvestheartistinafinancialtransaction(交易).Filmsarenodifferent.Othersarefundedbypatronageorpublicmoneys.Evenifyoudecidetomakeyourowndigitalmovie,youfacetheproblemofpayingforit－andyoumayhopetoearnalittleextraforallyourtimeandeffort.Thecrucialpointisthatconsiderationsofmoneydon’tnecessarilymaketheartistanylesscreativeortheprojectanylessworthwhile.Moneycancorruptanylineofbusiness(considerpolitics),butitdoesn’thaveto.InRenaissanceItaly,painterswerecommissionedbytheCatholicchurchtoillustrateeventsfromtheBible.MichaelangeloandLenonardodaVinciworkedforhire,butitwouldbehardtoarguethatithurttheirartistry.Herewewon’tassumethatfilmartpreventsentertainment.Wewon’ttaketheoppositepositioneither－claimingthatonlyHollywoodmass-marketmoviesareworthattention.Similarly,wedon’tthinkthatfilmartrisesabovecommercialdemand,butwealsowon’tassumethatmoneyruleseverything.Anyartformoffersavastrangeofcreativepossibilities.Ourbasicassumptionisthatasanart,filmoffersexperiencesthatviewersfindworthwhile.WhereshouldItdoesn’thappenbyaccident.beputinthepassage?A.①B.②C.③D.④WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfilmisTRUE?Hollywoodfilmsareusuallyfarmoreappealing.Filmoffersawidevarietyofcreativepossibilities.Filmsaremadeinthehopethatconsumerswillpaytoseethem.Whenwatchingfilms,viewersfeelcontrolledbyfilmdesigners.ThewriterusestheexamplesofMichaelangeloandLenonardodaVincito______.indicatethatmoneyisunlikelytocorruptartistryshowthatmoneydoesn’tnecessarilydestroyartistryprovethatmoneycannotbuyeverythinginthefieldofartsuggestthatmoneyisanimportantconcernevenforfamousartistsAccordingtothewriter,filmshould______.avoidconcentratingonpopulartraditionsfocusonartistryratherthanentertainmentprovidetheaudiencewithsomethingworthwhileearnenoughtopayforthedevelopers’timeandeffortWhichofthefollowingcanbethepropertitleforthepassage?Film:artorbusinessArtorentertainmentFilmoffersusexperiencesMoneydoesn’truleeverything第II卷（非选择题，共35分）第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Today’sdemandsformeasurablechildhoodsuccess—fromtheCommonCoretocollegeplacement—havechasedhouseholdchoresfromtheto-dolistsofmanyyoungpeople.Inasurveyof1,001U.S.adultsreleasedlastfallbyBraunResearch,82%reportedhavingregularchoresgrowingup,butonly28%saidthattheyrequiretheirownchildrentodothem.“Parentstodaywanttheirkidstospendtimeonthingsthatcanbringthemsuccess,butironically,we’vestoppeddoingonethingthat’sactuallybeenaprovenpredictorofsuccess—andthat’shouseholdchores,”saysRichardRende,adevelopmentalpsychologistinParadiseValley,Ariz.,andco-authoroftheforthcomingbookRaisingCan-DoKids.Decadesofstudiesshowthebenefitsofchores—academically,emotionallyandevenprofessionally.Givingchildrenhouseholdchoresatanearlyagehelpstobuildalastingsenseofmastery,responsibilityandself-reliance,accordingtoresearchbyMartyRossmann，retiredprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesota. Choresalsoteachchildrenhowtobeempatheticandresponsivetoothers’needs,notespsychologistRichardWeissbourdoftheHarvardGraduateSchoolofEducation.Inresearch,heandhisteamsurveyed10,000middle-andhigh-schoolstudentsandaskedthemtorankwhattheyvaluedmore:achievement,happinessorcaringforothers.Almost80%choseeitherachievementorhappinessovercaringforothers.Ashepointsout,however,researchsuggeststhatpersonalhappinesscomesmostreliablynotfromhighachievementbutfromstrongrelationships.“We’reoutofbalance,”saysDr.Weissbourd.Agoodwaytostartreadjustingpriorities,hesuggests,isbylearningtobekindandhelpfulathome.Thenexttimethatyourchildaskstoskipchorestodohomework,resisttheurgetolethimorheroffthehook,sayspsychologistMadelineLevine.Herearesomeofthebestwaystogetyourchildrenproperlymotivatedtodochores:★Watchyourlanguage.Inastudyof1493-to-6-year-oldsinthejournalChildDevelopment,researchersfoundthatthankingyoungchildrenfor“beingahelper”,asopposedto“helping”,significantlyincreasedtheirdesiretopitchin.Theyweremotivatedbytheideaofcreatingapositiveidentity－beingknownassomeonewhohelps.★Schedulechoretime.Writechoresintothecalendar,rightnexttothepianolessonandsoccerpractice,tomaintainconsistency.★Keepallowancesandchoresseparate.Researchsuggeststhatexternalrewardscanactuallylowerintrinsic(内在的)motivationandperformance.Withchores,psychologistssaythatmoneycanlessenachild’smotivationtohelp,turninganaltruistic(无私的)actintoabusinesstransaction.★Typesoftasksmatter.Tobuildprosocialbehaviorlikeempathy,choresshouldberoutineandfocusedontakingcareofthefamily(likedustingthelivingroomordoingeveryone’slaundry),notself-care(tidyingone’sbedroomordoingpersonallaundry).Psychologistsaddthatinvolvingchildreninchoosingthetasksmakesthemmorelikelytobuyin.★GivechoresaPRboost.Don’ttiechorestopunishments.Keepanytalkaboutchores,includingyourown,positiveoratleastneutral.Ifyoucomplainaboutdoingthedishes,sowillyourchildren.Children__71__ChoresThe__72__situationAccordingtothesurvey,onlyafewchildrenarerequiredtodoregularchoresastheirparents__73__to.ThereasonNowadayschildhoodsuccessis__74__differentlyfromthepast.Benefitsofdoingchores.Doingchoresatanearlyage,children__75__tohavemoresenseofmastery,responsibilitya