宜阳县2023年考研《英语一》考前冲刺预测试卷含解析

宜阳县2023年考研《英语一》考前冲刺预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howoftendoyouletotherpeople'snonsensechangeyourmood?Doyouletabaddriver，impolitewaiter，rudeboss，oraninsensitiveemployee1yourday?OnedayIwasinataxiandweheaded2theairport．Weweredrivinginthe3lanewhensuddenlyablackcardroveoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus．Mytaxidriverslammedonhis4，slidsideways，andattheverylastmomentourcarstoppedand5theothercarbyjustinches!Thedriveroftheothercarlookedaroundandstarted6atus．Mytaxidriverjust7andwavedattheguy．AndImeanhewasreally8．SoIasked，“Whydidyoujustdothat?Thisguyalmostruinedyourcarandsentustothehospital!”ThisiswhenmytaxidrivertaughtmewhatInowcall“TheLawoftheGarbageTruck”．Heexplainedthatmanypeoplearelikegarbagetrucks．Theyrunaroundfullof9，fulloffrustration，fullofanger，andfullofdisappointment．Astheirgarbage10up，theyneedaplacetodumpitandsometimesthey'lldumpiton11．Don'ttakeitpersonally；Justsmile,wave，wishthemwell，andmoveon．Believeme．You'llbe12．Don'ttaketheirgarbageand13ittootherpeopleatwork,athome，oronthestreets．Life'stooshorttowakeupinhemorningwith14Themarkofyoursuccessishowquicklyyoucanrefocusonwhat's15，RoyBaumeister，apsychologyresearcherfromFloridaStateUniversity，foundinhisextensiveresearchthatyou16badthingsmoreofterthangoodthingsinyourlife，youstorethebadmemoriesmoreeasily，andyou17themmorefrequently．Therefore，lovethepeoplewhotreatyourightandignoretheoneswhodon't．Lifeistenpercentwhatyoumakeitandninetypercenthowyou18it!Whenyoufollow“TheLawoftheGarbageTruck”,youtakebackcontrolofyourlife!Youmakeroomforthegoodby19goofthebad．Haveamarvelous，garbage-freeday!Theseedsyouplanttoday20theharvestyouwillreaptomorrow．1、A．enrich B．obtain C．spare D．ruin2、A．through B．to C．in D．for3、A．latter B．right C．opposite D．free4、A．window B．door C．brakes D．seat5、A．knocked B．overtook C．missed D．lost6、A．laughing B．throwing C．glancing D．yelling7、A．wondered B．ignored C．smiled D．guessed8、A．friendly B．angry C．tired D．disappointed9、A．expectation B．passengers C．garbage D．goods10、A．turns B．piles C．holds D．pushes11、A．roads B．children C．you D．dustbin12、A．upset B．happier C．pitiful D．frightened13、A．eontribute B．share C．explain D．spread14、A．surprise B．pleasure C．doubt D．regrets15、A．funny B．important C．strange D．embarrassing16、A．remember B．forget C．value D．appreciate17、A．recalI B．exchange C．enjoy D．imagine18、A．inspire B．take C．mend D．notice19、A．letting B．consisting C．making D．dreaming20、A．distinguish B．deserve C．deliver D．determineSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Adayinthelifeof18-year-oldDavidLansterisfulliftypicalteenagestuff:school,baseballpracticeandhomework.Andthenhestartscooking.“SomenightsI’mupuntil1:00a.m.makingpies,orevenlaterifwe’recookingbeef,”saidthestudentatRansomEvergladesHighSchoolinFlorida,US.Forthepastyear,LansterandKellyMoran,hisclassmate,havebeenhostingfancydinnerpartiesatLanster’sparents’home.Theirmealshave17coursesandareallmadebythem.Theirguestsusedtogivethemgiftstothankthemuntilthepairdecidedtodosomethingniceforcharity（慈善）.“WegotsomereallygreatMiamiHeattickets,anicewatch,andmanykitchengadgets（小器具）,”Lanstersaid.“Butwewantedtomakethissomethingpositiveforpeopleotherthanus.”LansterandMoranfocusedonCommonThreads,acharitythataimstoteachkidsinpoorcommunitiestocookandmakehealthyeatingchoices.Theyoungcooksasktheirgueststogivehowevermuchtheywantaspaymentfortheirmeals.ItallgoestoCommonThreadsbecauseLanster’sparentscovertheirfoodcosts.Aftertheirlast12-personevent,LansterandMorangave$1,600tothecharity.Now,they’retakingtheirshowoutofthekitchenandontheroad.Theyhavestartedtoorganizeprivatedinnerpartieswithasimilarmodel:thehostpaysfortheingredients,andtheguestsmakeadonationtoacharityoftheirchoice.Withoutformaltraining,Lanstersaidhehadbeeninterestedincookingsincehehelpedhismominthekitchenwhenhewasveryyoung.HelearnedhowtocookbyreadingcookbooksandwatchingTVprograms.Outsidethekitchen,thetwoarebusypreparingtheircollegeapplications.Neitherofthemissurewhattheywilldointhefuture,butthey’repromisedtheirparentsthattheywillleaveprofessionalcookingaloneuntiltheyfinishschool.1、HowisLanster’slifedifferentfromotherteenagers’lives?A．Heplanstobecomeaprofessionalchef.B．Heplaysbaseballeverydayafterschool.C．Hegoestoacookingschoolinhissparetime.D．Heholdsdinnerpartiesafteranormalschoolday.2、WhatwillLansterandMoranusuallydoafteraprivatedinnerparty?A．Receivethank-youcardsfromtheguests.B．VisitthepoorchildrenatCommonThreads.C．Askthegueststodonatemoneytothecharity.D．Coverthefoodcostswiththemoneycollected.3、WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLansterandMoran?A．Ambitious.B．Generous.C．Creative.D．Optimistic.Text2Whenyouthinkbacktotheblackboardfromyourschooldays,whatcolorisit?Chancesarethatit'sgreen.Sowhat'supwiththename?Originally,blackboardswerereallyblack.Beforewall-sizedblackboardsexisted,late18th-centurystudentsusedtheirownminiboardsmadeofslate(石板)orpaintedwood,accordingtoConcordiaUniversity,Thosefirstboardswere,infact.black,andtheypavedthewayforthelargerones.In1800whenaScottishheadmasternamedJamesPillanswantedhisstudentstodrawmaps,thestudentscouldn'tdrawthemapstheirteacherwantedontheirtinyboards,soPillansputseveralslatestogethertocreatealargeboard.Problemsolved!Fromthere,theideaspreadquicklyasteacherscouldfinallyshowaconcepttothewholeclassatonetime.By1815,themassivewritingspaceswerecommonenoughtoearntheirownname:blackboard.Thecolorchangecameinthe1960swhencompaniessold,steelplates,coatedwithgreenenamel(漆)insteadofthetraditionaldarkslate.Thenewmaterialwaslighterandlessfragilethanthefirstblackboards,sotheywerecheapertoshipandmorelikelytosurvivethejourney.Teachersweren'tcomplainingeither.Afterall,thenew“greenboards”madethechalkpowdereasiertoerase.Plus,theenamelleftlessofaglareandthecolorwasnicertolookat.Atthatpoint,peoplestartedusingtheword“chalkboard”asamoreaccuratedescriptor,but“blackboard”stillstuckaround.1、Whatdidthelate18th-centurystudentsuseinclass?A．Blackboard. B．ChalkboardC．Greenboard D．Miniboard.2、Whydidtheheadmasteraskthestudentstoputtheirminiboardstogether?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．TomakeenoughspaceC．Todrawstudents’attention D．Toarousestudents’interest3、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthe“greenboard”?A．They'relighterinweight. B．They'remoreconvenienttotransportC．They’reeasiertoerasethepowder. D．They’remoreusefulthanthetraditionalones4、What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Introductionoftheblackboard B．Originoftheblackboard.C．Coloroftheblackboard. D．Functionoftheblackboard.Text3WritingContests,Grants&Awardsin2019TheWritingContests,Grants（补助金）&Awardsdatabaseincludesdetailsaboutthecreativewritingcontests-includingpoetrycontests,shortstorycompetitions,essaycontests,awardsfornovels,andmore-thatwe'vepublishedin"Poets&WritersMagazine"duringthepastyear.Wecarefullyreviewthepracticesandpoliciesofeachcontestbeforeincludingit.Usetheonlinesubmissionsystem.CatherineDoctorowInnovativeFictionPrizeAprizeof﹩15，000isgivenannuallyforanovel,orastorycollection.U.S.writerswhohavepublishedatleastthreebooksoffictionarequalified.Submitamanuscript（手稿）ofanylength,abriefbiography,andalistofthreepreviouslypublishedbooksoffictionwitha﹩25entryfeebyNovember1,2019.UniversityofAlabamaPress,P.O.Box870380,Tuscaloosa,AL35487.（773）702-7000.WaltWhitmanAwardAprizeof﹩5,000isgivenannuallyforapoetrycollectionbyapoetwhohasnotpublishedabookofpoemsinastandardedition.Thewinningbookwillalsobedistributedto5,000membersoftheAcademyofAmericanPoets.Submitamanuscriptof48to100pageswitha﹩35entryfeebyNovember1,2019.AcademyofAmericanPoets,75MaidenLane,Suite901,NewYork,NY10038.（212）274-0343.GabrieleRicoChallengeinCreativeEssayAprizeof﹩1,333isgivenannuallyforanessay.Usingtheonlinesubmissionsystem,submitanessayofupto5,000wordswitha﹩20entryfee,byNovember1,2019.Allentriesareconsideredforpublication.Visitthewebsiteforcompleteguidelines.SanJoseStateUniversity,EnglishDepartment,OneWashingtonSquare,SanJose,CA95192．（408）924-4425.BrooklynNonfictionPrizeAprizeof﹩500isgivenannuallyforaworkofnonfictionthatissetinBrooklyn,NewYork,andexpressestheregion's"richsoulandintangible（无形的）qualitiesthroughthewriter'sactualexperiencesofBrooklyn."Submitanessayofupto2,500wordsbyNovember15,2019.Thereisnoentryfee．BrooklynNonfictionPrize,P.O.Box491,NewYork,NY10156.（207）778-7071.1、Whohasthequalificationtoattendthecontestfortheprizeof﹩15，000______A．Whoeverhaswritten3novelbooks．B．Whoeverhaspublishedatleast3books．C．U.S.authorswho'vepublished3novelbooks．D．U.S.writerswho'vewritten3poetrycollections．2、WhatwillhappentoyourmanuscriptifyouwinWaltWhitmanAward______A．Itwillbepublishedasabookofpoems．B．Itwillbereadbyalltheacademymembers．C．Itwillbedistributedtowhoeverlikespoems．D．Itwillbecomeabookthatwillsellwell．3、BrooklynNonfictionPrizeisdifferentfromtheotherthreewritingcontestsinthat______．A．theworkmustbeawriter'srealexperiences B．itsentryfeeishigherC．ithasadeadlineearlierthanthem D．thewinnershavenoprizemoneyText4Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon’tevennoticethatthey’redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditcomfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonthishappensisbecausethebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheart,crossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Crossingyourlegscanalsoleadtoneckandbackpain.Whenyousitwithyourlegscrossed,yourhipsareinatwistedposition,whichcancauseoneofyourpelvic(骨盆的)bonestorotate.Sinceyourpelvicbonesupportsyourneckandspine,thiscancausepressureonyourlowerandmiddlebackandneck.Youalsomightnoticethatwhenyousitwithyourlegscrossedforlongperiodsoftime,yourfeetandlegsgettinglyorhavethefeelingofbeingasleep.Thisisbecausewhenonelegsitsontopoftheother,itcausespressureontheveins(血管)andnervesinyourlegsandfeet.Itcancausenumbnessand/ortemporaryparalysisinthelegs,ankles,orfeet.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.1、Crossinglegsmayleadtothefollowinghealthproblemsexcept________.A．ItcanincreaseyourbloodpressureB．ItcancausepressureonyourlowerandmiddlebackandneckC．ItwillmakeyourneckandspinetwistedD．Itcancauseparalysisforthetimebeing2、Whycancrossingyourlegsincreaseyourbloodpressure?A．Becausethebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstbeingpumpedbacktoyourheart.B．Becauseitwillpreventthebloodcirculating.C．Becausecrossinglegsresultsinlessresistanceforthebloodtocirculate.D．Becausehigherbloodpressurecontributestopushingthebloodbacktotheheart.3、Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．Topersuadeusnottocrossourlegsanylonger.B．Tomakeusawareofthehealthproblemscausedbycrossinglegs.C．Totellusthebenefitsofsittingwithourfeetonthefloor.D．Toshowthatcrossinglegsisanextremelycommonhabit.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Nowadays,thelifeofmanypeopleintheworldis1．(affect)bygloblewarmingForexample,greenhousegashasabadeffect2．bothpeopleandenvironmentTheearth’ssurfacetemperature3．(go)upbyabout1degreescentigradeinthepast100yearsAsamatteroffact,wemayfeelthatwecanhardlyputupwiththeextremelyhotsummerandwecan’tgetaccustomedtowarmwinterTheriseoftheearth’ssurfacetemperaturehasmademuch4．(different)tohumanhealth,theexistenceofcreatures5．thebalanceofecosystemsThereisnodoubtthatitishumanactivitiesthatresult6．thebadenvironmentAsa7．(consequent),conditionspermitting,allcountriesintheworldshouldtrytheirbest8．(improve)ourenvironmentEvenifoureffectislimited,itwill9．(eventual)makeagreatdifferenceifwekeepon10．(work)togethertodealwithglobalwarmingWithoutallpeople’sjointefforts,whatwouldourfuturebelike?IgotanewjobinCatholicUniversityinWashingtonInadditiontoagoodchance,I1．(offer)anewflattoliveinOnesummervacation,apart2．goingtothepark,Ihadnotbeenoutsidemyflatsoas3．(do)anexperimentaboutadiseaseThe4．(result)oftheexperimentwere5．(value)tomeandtheywouldcontributetothesuccessofmyresearchItisreallydifficulttodraw6．conclusionwithoutenoughevidenceIfeltquitepuzzled,7．evenmademedoubtthattheexperimentwouldmakesense8．(gradual),IwasnotenthusiasticaboutitAfterall,toomuchhardworkandtoolittlerestledtoillnessOnenight,Iwentouttoattendalecturebyafamousphilosopher9．(inspire)byhim,IwentbacktocontinuetheexperimentandeventuallygottheexpectedresultHowhappyIwas!Thenextday,Iproudlyannouncedthatthediseasewas10．controlSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Runningisagreatwaytogetinshapeandjustabouteveryonecandoit.Giventhatit'ssoeasytotakeupthesport,alotofbeginnersjumprightintorunningwithoutactuallyknowingwhatittakestoestablishahealthyroutine.1、.Ifyouarejuststartingout,avoidthefollowingthingstohelpyouincreaseyourchancesofrunningsuccess.DoingtoomuchtoosoonOneofthebiggestmistakesbeginnersmakeisdoingtoomuchtoosoon.Pickingupanewhobbylikerunningisnodoubtexciting.Runnersneedtoeaseintothesportbeforeincreasingthedistance.2、.3、Beginnersmightthinktheyneedtorunnearlyeverydaytomeettheirfitnessorweight-lossgoals,butthiscouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.4、，especiallyforbeginnerswhosemusclesandboneshaven'tyetbeenconditionedforsuchintense(剧烈的)exercise.Soit'simportanttogiveyourbodyamplerestbetweenworkouts.Followatrainingplanthatincludesrestdays.Comparingyourselftoothers5、,You'reexcitedaboutrunning,soyouareprobablyreadingrunningblogs,magazinesandmessageboardswhereyoumightstarttofeelinadequateaboutyourownrunningpace.Insteadofgettingdownonyourself，rememberthateveryrunnerwasonceabeginnerandusetheirsuccessasmotivation!A．NotrunningeverydayB．NottakingrestdaysC．RunningisademandingactivitywhichcanbereallyhardonyourbodyD．Asmentioned,ahealthyroutineiswhattheyattachimportancetoE.Whenstartingoutwithrunning,it'stoughnottocompareyourselftoothersF.Manymakeanumberofcommonmistakes,whichcaninterfere(干扰)withtrainingorleadtoinjuryG.Itwillhelpreducetheriskofinjury,soyoucancontinuewithyournewrunningroutineManystudentshavetolivewithroommateswhilegoingtoschooloruniversity.Havi