Unit4NaturalDisastersLanguagePoints1知识点讲义高中英语人教版

B1U4LanguagePoints1Period1ListeningandSpeakingrescuen./vt.营救；救援tosavesbfromadangerousorharmfulsituationWhataretherescueworkersandsoldiersdoinginthefloodhitarea?救援人员和士兵正在洪灾区做什么？Abigfirebrokeoutatmidnight,andachildtrappedinthehousewaswaitingforrescue.Therescueteamcame/wenttohis/herrescue,rescuingthechildfromtheburninghouse.Thankstotherescuers(n.),thechildwasfinallyrescued.半夜突起大火，被困在房子里的小孩在等着救援。救援队过来救援，把这个小孩从着火的房子里救了出来，幸亏这些救援人员，小孩最终得救了。(来/去救援某人)（把...从...救出来）词义关联：saveone’slife救某人的命damagevt.损害；破坏toharmorspoilsth/sbn.损坏；损失WhichbuildingsweredamagedinSeoul?首尔哪些建筑被摧毁了？Severalcarsweredamagedinthecrash.好几辆车在撞车事故中损坏了。Smokingseriouslydamages(vt.)yourhealth.=Smokingcauses/doesseriousdamage(n.)toourhealth.吸烟严重损害健康。(对...造成损害/损失=causeharmto)payforthedamage赔偿损失adamagedleg一条受伤的腿（damagetheleg）词义关联：harm(v.)sb/sth=do/causeharm(n.)tosb/sth伤害；损害meannoharm没有恶意destroysth/sb(v.)todamagesthsobadlythatitnolongerexists,works,etc摧毁；毁灭；破坏spoil(v.)sth破坏；糟蹋；毁掉=ruinspoilsb溺爱；娇惯；宠坏destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭；todamagesthsobadlythatitnolongerexists,works,etc2,400homesdestroyed2400所房屋被摧毁Theearthquakedestroyedtheroad,destroyedthehousesanddestroyedthebuildings.Inaword,everythinginthiscitywaspletelydestroyed.Thewholecitywas/layinruins.地震摧毁了道路、摧毁了房子、摧毁了大楼。总之，这个城市的一切被彻底地摧毁。整个城市变成了一片废墟。thedestruction(n.摧毁；破坏；毁灭)oftherainforests对雨林的破坏thedestructive(adj.引起破坏/毁灭的；破坏/毁灭性的)effectsofanxiety焦虑的破坏性影响词义关联；devastate(vt.)topletelydestroyaplaceoranarea彻底破坏；摧毁；毁灭ruinsth(vt.)todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc;tospoilsth毁坏；破坏Thebadweatherruined/spoiledourtrip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。affectvt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动82killed,500,000affected82人遇难，50万人受影响Youropinionwillnotaffect/haveaneffecton/haveaninfluenceonmydecision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。Thediseaseaffectsoneinfiveoldpeople.每五个老人中就有一个人患这种病。Theyweredeeplyaffectedbythenewsofhisdeath.他死亡的消息使他们唏嘘不已。sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；遮蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）shelterssetupbythegovernment政府搭建的避难所takeshelterfromtherain躲雨undertheshelterof在...的庇护下seekshelter寻求庇护Thetreeshelteredhimfromtherain.树给他挡住了雨。（使...免于...；保护...免受...）Heshelteredfromtherainunderthetree.他在树下避雨。词义关联：protect/shield(v.)kidsfromdanger保护孩子免遭危险floods(n.)of/afloodofplaints大量投诉sth/sbflood(vi.)in大量涌入；sb/sthfloodinto/outofsth大量涌入；蜂拥而出beflooded(vt.)with挤满；拥满floodedarea被淹没的地区volcaniceruption火山喷发providesthforsb=providesbwithsth提供某人某物AdditionalAccumulationkilltime(等待时)消磨时间；打发时光setupanewschool/website建一所新学校/建一个新网站makeabighit(withsb)给某人留下很好的第一印象；使（某人）一见钟情repeattheexam重复考试dosthrepeatedly反复地做某事drawone’sattentiontosth引起某人对...的注意oncampus在校园里intheeventof/incaseof如果...发生；万一；倘若bekeenonsth热衷于某事in/likeaflash转瞬间；立即Anideaflashedthroughmymind.一个想法闪过我的脑海。inviewof鉴于；考虑到；由于Period2ReadingandThinking(I)ruinn./vt.破坏；毁坏todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc;tospoilsthInlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。（ruins:残垣断壁；废墟inruins:destroyedorseverelydamaged严重受损；破败不堪）Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruin[U.]afterthewar.战争过后，许多教堂都毁了。（衰落；败落）Takingdrugsruined(vt.)theactor’sfuture/fame.吸毒毁了这个艺人的未来/名声。=Theactor’sfuture/famewas/gotruinedbecauseoftakingdrugs.Asisknowntoall,takingdrugsdestroysothersandruinsoneself.众所周知，吸毒损人害己。词义关联：destroy/damage/spoilshockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊Peoplewereinshock...人们惊恐万状...(inshock震惊；吃惊=inastateofshock)lookatsthinshock吃惊地看着某物Itcameasashock/surprise(tome)thattheteamwonthechampionshipinspiteoflosingtwoimportantplayers.这个球队在失去两名重要球员的情况下还是获得了冠军，这着实让我吃了一惊。=Tomyshock(n.),theteamwonthechampionshipinspiteoflosingtwoimportantplayers.（让我吃惊的是）=Itshocked(v.)mealotthattheteamwonthechampionshipinspiteoflosingtwoimportantplayers.(某事让某人很吃惊)=Iwas/feltshocked(adj.)attheshocking(adj.让人吃惊的)newsthattheteamwonthechampionshipinspiteoflosingtwoimportantplayers.(be/feelshockedatsth对...感到吃惊)sufferfromshock[U.]休克词义关联：surprise;amazetrapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱...thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead....部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并埋葬了死者。Hewasfoundtrappedinthelift.Fortunately,thefirefighterssooncametohisrescue.他被发现困在了电梯中。幸运的是，消防员很快过来救他了。（困在...中；陷入...中）Abearwascaughtinthetrap(n.)setbyhunters.一头熊落入了猎人设的陷阱中。(遇到；落入；淋雨)Thekeyhasstuckinthelock.（(在某物中)卡住，陷住，动不了）buryvt.埋葬；安葬Burying(使陷入)herselfinherstudies/Buriedinherstudies,thegirlknewnothingaboutwhathappenedaroundher.这个女孩子埋头学习，对周围发生的事一无所知。（埋头于；专心于）=Havingallherattentionfixed/focusedonherbook,thegirlknewnothingaboutwhathappenedaroundher.Heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandwept.他双手掩面而泣。Soldiers’bodiesweresenthomeforburial(n.).士兵们的遗体已运回家乡安葬。electricity(n.)电；电能Water,foodandelectricitywerehardtoget.没有水和食物，电也停了。Electric(adj.)fansarepoweredbyelectricitymade/producedbypowerstation.电扇是由发电站所发的电驱动的。Electricityisalwayscutoffinthisareabecauseofashortsupplyofelectricity.由于电力供应不足，这个地区的电源总是被切断。electricalengineering电气工程词义关联：apowerfailure停电crackv.破裂；裂开；砸开n.裂纹；裂缝Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。crack(vt.)anegg/anut打一个鸡蛋/把坚果砸开breakacup/window打破杯子/窗户Hisfacecrackedintoasmile.(figurative比喻)他脸上绽开了微笑。Hisvoicecracked（vi.变嘶哑；变沙哑）withgriefwhenhetoldusofhisbestfriend’sdeath.当他告诉我们他最好朋友去世的消息时他的声音因为伤心都沙哑了。词义关联：Thedeathofhisbestfriendbroke(vt.使心碎)himpletely.他最好朋友的死让他悲痛欲绝。asif似乎；好像；仿佛=asthoughItseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临。引导表语从句sound/look/seem/feel...asif+表语从句We’vemissedthebus.Itlooksasifwe’llhavetowalk.我们错过了公交车，看来我们得步行了。引导方式状语从句HelooksatmeasifIweremad.他看着我彷佛我疯了似的。（与现在事实相反：一般过去时，be用were）Hewasingreattrouble,buthebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.他遇到了很大的麻烦，但他表现得若无其事。（与过去事实相反：过去完成时）Sheisinatalkativemoodasifshewouldget1billiontomorrow.她滔滔不绝，话兴正浓，就好像明天能得到10个亿似的。（与将来事实相反：would/could/might/should+动词原形）(sth.)etoanend结束；终结Heputanendtothespeech/broughtthespeechtoanendwithaproverb.他用一句谚语结束了演讲。attheendofthestory在故事的结尾intheend=finally/atlast最后；终于themostdeadly(adj.)earthquake最致命的地震therailwaytracks铁路轨道track(vt.)anearthquake追踪地震trackdownacriminal追踪到罪犯alargenumberof/agoodmanyvictims很多受害者anincreasingnumberof越来越多warningsigns警告标志；警示牌Thenumberofvictimsisrising.受害者的数量在增加。Anearthquakehappened/occurred.地震了。Anearthquakehit/struck(strike侵袭；爆发)/shook(shake)/rocked(剧烈摇摆，猛烈晃动)Japan.日本地震了。AdditionalAccumulationraisepeople’sawarenessofdisasterprevention提高人们的防灾意识stresstheimportanceofearthquakeprevention强调地震预防的重要性besound(adv.)asleep睡得沉haveasound(adj.)sleep一夜酣睡feelsleepy觉得困sleepingbag/car/pill睡袋/卧铺车厢/安眠药takeanap打个盹/dozeoff打瞌睡/打盹儿fall（进入(某状态)；开始变成(某事物)）silent/ill变得静悄悄/病倒了Nightfell（突然出现；突然来到）.夜幕降临。hopeforarise期待涨工资Mypatienceisrunningout.我的耐心告罄。stayhidden保持隐蔽jumpatthechance欣然接受这个机会Period3ReadingandThinking(2)breathev.呼吸Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.慢慢地，这个城市又开始恢复了生机。breathefreely透气；安心breatheairin/out吸气/呼气takeadeepbreath(n.)深吸一口气holdone’sbreath屏息；屏息以待wasteone’sbreath白费唇舌saveone’sbreath不要白费口舌loseone’sbreath（动作）/outofbreath（状态）喘不上气来；上气不接下气词义关联：takeone’sbreathaway(tobeverysurprisingorbeautiful)令人惊叹；令人叹绝abreathtaking(adj.激动人心的；令人赞叹的)viewofthemountains群山的壮丽景色Hearrivedbreathless(adj.)atthetopofthestairs.他爬上楼梯顶时气喘吁吁的。effort(n.)努力；艰难的尝试；尽力Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity’speople...有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力...Youshouldmakeaneffort/makeeveryeffort/makeefforts/sparenoefforttoimproveyourreadingprehension.你应该努力提高你的阅读理解能力。(努力做某事；不遗余力做某事)dostheffortlessly(adv.needinglittleoreffort,sothatitseemseasy不需费力地；容易地)做某事很容易词义关联：tryone’sbesttodo/doallonecando/goallouttodosth全力以赴做某事suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦...thoughtheyweresufferingfromterribleinjuries...尽管他们受了重伤...suffer(vi.)fromaheadache头痛sufferfromaheartattack患有心脏病suffer(vi.)alot吃了很多苦suffer(vt.)pain/greatlosses经历痛苦/遭受巨大损失Thewarhascausedwidespreadhumansuffering[U.痛苦；折磨