药理学英文版教学课件：Chapter 29 Drugs for respiratory system disorders

DrugsactonRespiratorysystemMainsymptomsofrespiratorysystemdisordersCough(咳)Phlegm（痰）Asthma（喘）支气管结构图ClassificationofdrugsforrespiratorysystemAntiasthmaticdrugs(平喘药)Antitussives(CoughSuppressants，镇咳药)Expectorants（祛痰药）AsthmaAirwaysnarrow,causedby:tighteningofthemusclesthatsurroundtheairwaysswellingoftheinnerlining,and/orincreaseinmucusproduction正常支气管哮喘患者的支气管CoughingWheezing(哮鸣)ChesttightnessShortnessofbreath（气短）SYMPTOMSofasthma§1AntiasthmaticDrugsAnti-inflammatory（抗炎）antiasthmaticsBronchodilator（支气管扩张药）Antianaphylax（抗过敏）antiasthmaticsI.anti-inflammatoryantiasthmaticsGlycocorticoidsbeclomethasonedipropionate（丙酸倍氯米松）budesonide（布地奈德）fluticasonepropionate（丙酸氟替卡松）Inhibitbronchialinflammatoryandallergicresponse,improvelungfunction,decreasethebronchialhigh-responsiveness,attackfrequencyUsedforchronicasthmaptsII.Bronchodilator1.adrnoceptoragonist，beta2receptoractivationleadtobronchialsmoothmusclerelaxationdrugsadrenalineIsoprenalinehydrochloride，Salbutamol（沙丁胺醇）sulfateTerbutaline（特布他林）sulfateClenbuterol（克伦特罗）hydrochloride2.theophylline(茶碱)Inhibitphosphodiesterase(PDE),increasecAMPinsmoothmuscleBlockingadenosinereceptor,decreasethereleaseofhistamineIncreasethereleaseofcatecholamineAminophylline(氨茶碱)Cholinophylline(胆茶碱)3.McholinoceptorblockersM1,M2,M3cholinoceptorsexistinbronchialActiveM1,M3receptorscaninduceasthmaSelectivelyblockM1,M3receptorscanreduceparasympathetictoneanddilatebronchialsmoothmuscle.MreceptorantagonistsusedinasthmaIpratropiumbromide(异丙托溴铵)Oxitropium(氧托溴铵)、Tiotropium(泰乌托品):selectiveM1,M3blockerIII.Antiallergicantiasthmatics1.disodiumcromoglycate(色甘酸钠)stabilizingmastocytemembrane,decreasethesecretionofinflammatorymediator.InhibittheinflammatoryreactionanddecreasethehyperreactivityofbronchialPreventionandtreatmentofasthma2.H1receptorblockerKetotifen(酮替芬)MastocytemembranestablizingH1blockadeImprovebetareceptordownregulation3.antileukotrienes（抗白三烯药）Zafirlucastsodium:antiCysLT1(半胱氨酰白三烯)§2Antitussives(镇咳药)Theafferentarcofthecoughreflexreceivesinputfromsensorynervesinthebronchialandtrachealairways.Airwayirritationandinflammationstimulatetheafferentnerves,whichinturnactivatethecoughcenterlocatedinthemedullaoblongata（延髓咳嗽中枢）.AntitussiveisgoodfordrycoughI.Centralantitussive1.addictivecentralantitussivesareopiatesoropioidsthatdirectlysuppressthecoughcenterinthemedullaoblongata.Codeinephosphate(磷酸可待因)2.NonaddictivecentralantitussiveDextromethorphanhydrobromide(氢溴酸右美沙芬)II.PeripheralantitussivesPentoxyverinehydrochloride(盐酸那可汀)Inhibitlungstretchreflexinduceddrycough§4Expectorants(祛痰药)1.Nauseous（恶心的）expectorantsAmmoniumchlorideIrritategastricmucosa,causenauseathenreflexlyincreasethesecretionofbronchialglands,dilutephlegm2.stickyphlegmdecomposersAcetylcysteine(乙酰半胱氨酸)BreakdowntheproteininthephelgmpracticesT