英语教案：Unit1 Tales of the unexplained-grammar（2）（牛津译林版2）

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Unit1Talesoftheunexplained-grammar教案PresentperfecttenseTeachingaim:TogiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfecttenseTeachingprocedures：1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfecttense。Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences。2Theformofthepresentperfecttense3TalkabouttheusesofthepresentperfecttenseAWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutthingsthathappenedintherecentpast，butareconnectedtothepresent。ThedisappearanceofJustinhasmadeKellyveryunhappy.BWealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthatstartedinthepast,andisstillhappeningnow。IhavenotseenJustinsincelastFridaynight。CWeusethepresentperfecttensewhentheexacttimeofanactionisnotclearorimportant。Weuseitwithtimeexpressionssuchas：alreadyeverforjustlatelyneverrecentlysinceyetWeusealreadyforaffirmativestatementsandyetfornegativestatements.Weusefor+aperiodoftimeandsince+apointintime。DWeusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedonlyashorttimeago.Inthiscase,justisused.Payattentiontothepositionofjust。Hehasjustgoneout.(=Hewentoutafewminutesago。）Weusethepresentperfecttenseheretotellothersthatheisn’therenow.Ihavejustheardthenews。(NowIknowthenews。)EWecanalsousethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,thatis，weusethepresentperfecttensewiththetimeexpressionsonce/twice/threetimes…FActionsoccurringinanincompleteperiodmightbeindicatedbytodayorthismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/year/centuryorallday/night/week,allthetime，alwaysetc.Tomhasrungupthreetimesthismorning。(Nowitisstillinthemorning.)Tomrangupthreetimesthismorning。（Nowitisnotstillinthemorning。）Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense。AWehavestudied(study）Englishforaboutfiveyears。BTheyhavelived(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.CIhaveread(read）yourarticlethreetimes。It’swellwritten。DThestudenthasfinished(finish)herhomeworkalready.EErichasgone(go）backtohishometowntoday.FThepolicehavejustfinished(finish)searchingthearea.4ComparethesimplepasttenseandthepresentperfecttenseLookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.AWehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.BTheymovedtothesouthin1990andhavelivedtheresincethen.CEriclefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.EJustinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays。HedisappearedlastFriday。FTheyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.Gmybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.Completethefollowingsentences:a‘Haveyouseenmypen？’‘Yes,Isawitonyourdeskjustnow.’b‘Haveyouhaddinner？’‘Yes,IhaditwithMary。’CHasthepostmancomeyet/thismorning？DDidthepostmancomethismorning?EIhaveknownhimforalongtime。FHello!Ididn'tknowyouwerehereinNanjing.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere？Notes：1）Thepresentperfecttenseisnormallyusedforanactionwhichlaststhroughoutanincompleteperiod，butwiththepastsimpletense,weusetimeexpressionswhichafixedpointinthepast。c。f.Wehaven’tseenJustinforaweek。（Heisstillmissing.）Justindisappearedlastweek.（ItmaymeanthatthisweekJustinishere.)Hehassmokedsinceheleftschool.(Hestillsmokes。）Hesmokedforsixmonths.（Itmeansthathestoppedsmokingthen.2)Sometimes，however，theactionfinishesatthetimeofspeaking。Ithasbeenverycoldlatelybutit’sjustbeginningtogetwarmer。3)Onmeetingsomeone,youmaysay:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.（ButIseeyounow.)4）Forapastactionwhosetimeisnotdefiniteandoftenhasaresultinthepresent.Tomhashadabadcarcrash。(He’sprobablystillinhospitalnow。）Tomhadabadcarcrash。(Buthe’sprobablyoutofhospitalnow。）Thelifthasbrokendown。(Wehavetousethestairs.）Theliftbrokedown.(Butit’sprobablyworkingagainnow。）5Readthediaryentryandthencompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Answers:（2)saw(3)hasvisited（4)loves(5）hasn’tvisited（6)hasswum（7)hasnevermet（8）hasdived（9)hasfound(10）hasn'tfound(11）Has,been6AssignmentPeriodTwoPresentperfectcontinuoustenseTeachingaim:

Togiveabriefintroductiontothepresentperfectcontinuoustense

Teachingprocedures:

1GooverthenewsstoryonPage2andfindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense。Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.2Theformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustense3TalkabouttheusesofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseWesometimesusethePresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandarestillcontinuing，orhavejustfinishedbutarestillconnectedtothepresentinsomeway.AI'vebeenwaitingforanhourandhestillhasn’tturnedup.BI’msosorryI’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?GooverPoints1and2onpage9.4Exercisesonpage9Answers：(2）havebeentalking(3）havebeentaking(4)havebeenwatching（5）haveseen（6）havebeenwriting5ComparethepresentperfectandthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseLiJiahasreadabookaboutStonehenge。LiJiahasbeenreadingabookaboutStonehenge.Inthefirstsentence,itmeanstheactionreadisn’tstillcontinuing，andLiJiaknowswhatthebookisaboutnow，butinthesecondsentence，itmeanstheactionreadisstillcontinuing。c。f。I’vecleanedthehouse。I’vebeencleaningthehouse。ReadPoint1onpage10。Notes:1)IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth。IhavebeentouringEgyptfortwomonths.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustensecan’tbeusedwithtimeexpressionssuchastwiceorhowmanytimes，becauseinthistensetheactioniscontinuous,notstoppedandstartedagain.Wecanusethepresentperfecttenseforrepeatedactions,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensefornon-stopactions.2)Howmanytimeshaveyouswuminthelake？Howlonghaveyoubeenswimminginthelake?Weusuallyusethepresentperfecttensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowmany/much,andthepresentperfectcontinuoustensetoaskquestionsbeginningwithhowlong.3)I'venevervisitedParis.I'vealreadybeentoParis.always，never,yet，alreadyandevercan'tbeusedinacontinuoustense.4）IhavenotbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome。I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.Wecanuseforandsincewiththethepresentperfectcontinuoustense。5)BothpresentperfecttenseandpresentperfectcontinuoustenseAnactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs，beexpressedbyeitherthepresentperfectorpresentperfectcontinuous.Verbswhichcanbeusedinthiswayincludeexpect,hope，learn，lie，live,sleep,sit,study,wait，want，rain,etc.HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish?OrHowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish？Ithassnowedforalongtime。Ithasbeensnowingforalongtime。6AstateverboranactionverbIhavehadthiscameraforfiveyears。(stateverb）IhavetakenphotosofUFOswiththiscamera。（actionverb)IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOswiththiscamera。（actionverb）Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging。Astatemeanssomethingstayingthe