“拦截”概念场主导词的历时更替

精品文档-下载后可编辑“拦截”概念场主导词的历时更替［摘要］汉语“拦截”概念场主导词历史上主要经历了三次变化：西汉兴起的“遮”至南北朝时取代了先秦概念场内的主导词“遏”、“邀”；至唐五代,“拦”又与“遮”展开竞争,并在宋代和“截”一起击败“遮”,重新划分了概念场主导词的格局；元明时期,新兴的“挡”发生了突变,在概念场内与“拦”、“截”形成鼎立之势。不同历史阶段主导词的义域、句法组合等的变化反映了汉语新、旧质要素的更迭，概念场主导词的更替往往是汉语词义系统与词汇系统共同作用的结果。

［关键词］汉语；“拦截”概念场；主导词；历时更替

TheDiachronicReplacementoftheMainWordsin

″Lanjie″ConceptualField

YanQiamaoWangHaolei

(ResearchCenterforHistoryofChineseLanguage,ZheJiangUniversity,

Hangzhou310028,China)

Abstract:Thereisa″lanjie″（拦截）conceptualfieldinChinesewhichmeans″forcemobilecontenttostopgoing;donotletgothrough.″Theconceptualfieldwascoveredbysuchwordsas″e″（遏）,″yao″（邀）,″zhe″（遮）,″lie″（迾）and″zu″（阻）inthePreQinDynasty,andthenwordslike″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截）,″duan″（断）andsoonappearedintheWei,JinandtheNorthernandSouthernDynasties.TheSongDynastyturnedup″dang″（挡）,″ba″（把）,″zha″（闸）,butinmodernChinese,peoplebasicallysay″lan″（拦）,″dang″（挡）,″jie″（截）.

Itsfoundthatfortheseencodinglexicalmembers,threedifferentalternationsinthehistoryofChineselanguagearecrucialandworthnoting:

1)AroundtheWesternHanDynasty,theword″zhe″（遮）cametobeusedandfrequentlycomparedwith″e″（遏）and″yao″（邀）,whichusedtobethemainwordsbeforethePreQinPeriodandwerecompelledoutofthissemanticfieldnolaterthantheNorthernsouthernDynasties,whichcanbeusedasthefirstverbconstituteinthemedievalemergingstatements.Buttheuseof″e″（遏）,″yao″（邀）wasonlyusedinalanguagedomain,thelexicalfieldwasgraduallynarrowed.

2)″Lan″（拦）begantoprevailover″zhe″（遮）duringtheTangandtheFiveDynasties,andreplacediteventuallywith″jie″intheSongDynasty.Instrongoralspeakingcorpus,casesoftheuseof″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截）increasedgradually,thelexicalfieldwasexpanded,withtheemerginggrammarcomponentsintheSongDynasty,suchasthedynamicauxiliaryword″zhe″（着）;andtheresultingcomplement″zhu″（住）.Theleadingpositionof″zhe″（遮）initslexicalsystemwasreplacedbythemeaning″coveranobject.″″zhe″（遮）begantobemorefrequentlyusedwithfixedtremolocombinations,butrarelyusedwithemerginggrammaticalcomponents.

3)BytheYuanandMingDynasties,″dang″（挡）turnedtobeusedintherisingtone.Itdevelopedaspecificperformanceandalsobecameadominantmemberinthisfield.Thenewglyphof″dang″（挡）appeared,whichwasdividedfrom″dang″（当）,notonlythesinglefrequencywasmorethan″jie″（截）,butalsothesyntacticcombinationwith″lan″（拦）,″jie″（截）h