高中英语语法一点通-情态动词

t）中英语语法一直- 精态劭祠知识清单一、表东犍力情态动词can和could常用来表示“能力”，强调能够做某事，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。另外，beableto表示经过一番努力能够做某事，而且成功做了某事。Iamveryhungry.Icaneattwobowlsofrice.Whenhewasyoung,hecouldcarrytheheavybox.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.二、索拳难例情态动词表示推测时，对现在情况的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”，对过去情况的推测用“情态动词+havedone”。情态动词表示推测时，可能大小排序如下：must（一定）,will（很可fb）＞should/oughtto（应该）〉can（可能）〉may（也许）〉might（说不定）Hemustknowmyaddress.Hecan'tknowmyaddress.Hemayknowmyaddress.Hemaynotknowmyaddress.Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony.（表示疑惑、惊讶）Heisnotsure.Hemightgotothecinemainstead.Theroadsshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.特别提示：表示推测时，may常用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中（maynot表示“可能不”），must用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句中，can和could常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或者不相信等意思。三、表示精求、允许、尤稳1、may,might,can,could,will,would用于问句中，表示请求、许可或者提出建议;could/might/would表示请求时，语气更加委婉，肯定回答时，需要用can/may/wilL—Could/MightIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?—Yes,youcan/may(No,youcan't/mustn't).2、shall在疑问句中与第一人称连用时，表示征求对方意见；在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用时，表示说话者的命令、指示、威胁、允诺、警告等。Youshallleavetheroomatonce.Anyonethatdisobeystheruleshallbefined.Tom'sfatherpromisesthatheshallbuyhissonanewbikeonhisbirthday.0、表示弟要、偏要must表示主观上必须做某事，mustnt表示“禁止、一定不可以”，还可以表示“偏偏、偏要”，haveto表示受客观条件的限制，不得不做某事。should表示应该做某事，有义务做某事，止匕外，should还可以表示“竟然、居然”。Childrenmustn'tplaywithfire.Shemustdoanythingagainstherparents'will.Youshouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon.Itisunbelievablethatthepoormanshouldhelpothers.Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?-MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?—No,youneedn'/don'thaveto.五、其它类情态劭祠1>need和dareneed和dare既可以用作情态动词也可以用作行为动词，用作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否定句中；作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，构成否定句和疑问句时，要借助助动词。另外，dare的过去式dared也可以用作情态动词。Heneedn'tdoit.Hedoesn'tneedtodoit.Hedidn'tdaretolookatherintheface.Hedarednotlookatherintheface.2、mayaswell和maywellmayaswell意为“最好、倒不如"，maywell表示“很可能”。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.难点突破“情态劭40/wouldrather/wouldlike(love)+havedone,,用法令musthavedone“过去一定做过某事”，对过去发生动作的肯定推测，否定式为：can,t/couldn,thavedone"过去肯定没有做过某事”。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitewetandmuddy.令can/couldhavedone“过去本能够做某事，实际上并没有做”。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.令may/mighthavedone”过去也许已经做过某事”，否定形式may/mightnothavedone表示“过去可能没做过某事"；mighthavedone还表示“过去本可能做某事，实际没有做”。It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.令should/oughttohavedone表示“本应该做某事，实际上没有做二Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.令shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone表示"本不应该做某事，实际做了某事“。Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.今needn、havedone"本不需要做某事，实际上做了某事”。Youneedn'ttakeataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhome.令wouldratherhavedone"宁愿做过某事，实际上当时并没有做"；否定形式wouldrathernothavedone“宁愿过去没做过某事，实际上已经做了某事”。Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.令wouldlike/lovetohavedone"本过去本想要做某事，实际上并没有做”。Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.解题秘诀认真审题，结合所给的语境，正确把握说话者的语气，情感、态度、观点等。认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。易错题型()21.-MayIsitbesideyou,sir?---No,you.Mygirlfriendiscomingsoon.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't()22.——IspeaktoMary,please?---Sorry,she_cometothephonebecausesheisn'tin.A.Might;wontB.Cant;mustn'tC.May;can'tD.Couldn't;shouldn't()23.---1wanttoknowifIsmokehere.---Nozyou.Couldyouseethesign“NOSMOKING0there?A.can;needn'tB.must;can'tC.shall;won'tD.may;mustn't()24.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealwayslookitup.A.mayB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto()25.---youpassmetheEnglishmagazine,please?---Sure.Hereyouare.A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might()26.---MustIgotoworkwithyou?---Nozyou.Lindagowithme.A.mustn't;canB.can't;hastoC.daren't;shouldb.needn't;may()27.---1tellMarythetestresults?---Nozyou.Shesalreadygotthescore.A.Will;won'tB.shall;needn't。May;mustn'tD.Can;don't()28.Youbecarefulwhencrossinghere.Thetrafficlightsarentworking.A.mightB.oughttoC.couldD.may()29.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourseyou.A.willB.shouldC.canb.need()30.Joancomewithusthisafternoon,butsheisn'tverysureyet.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will()31.1askyouthequestionbecauseIthinkIbewrong.A.daren't;mustB.mustn't;canC.needn't;mayD.cant;should()32.''Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides."declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustb.shall()33—IsawAnnieinthesupermarketyesterday.—Youher;sheisstillstudyingabroad.A.mustntseeB.canthaveseenC.mustn'thaveseenb.couldn'tsee()34.---Whatdoyouthinkofthisanswer?---1don'tthinkitberight.A.shouldB.might C.must b.can()35.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,weoftenhavecoffeetogether.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.oughtto()36.Hedoesn'thavetoworktomorrow,butyouhavegotto,you?A.dontB.haven'tC.haven'tgotb.cant()37.YouwakemeupwhenIfallasleep,you?A.haventbetter;have B.wouldnotrather;wouldC.hadbetternot;should b.hadnotbetter;must()38.---Why!Icouldntgetyouonthephonethismorning.---Wetennisintheyardwhenyouphoneme.A.couldbeplaying B.mustbeplayingC.musthavebeenplaying0.shouldhaveplayed()39.---MayIsmokehere?---Ifyou,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.mustB.mayC.canD.should()40.---1cameherebytaxiandthedriverchargedme50yuan.---Really?Youhavecomebybus.A.couldB.mustC.mayb.should()41.---DoyoustillrememberwhenwewenttotheGreatWall?---1can'trememberitwell,butithavebeensometimelastMay?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would()42.---1wonderwhyMr.Lindidn'tcometowork.——Hehavebeenill.A.needn'tB.shouldC.mightD.can()43.---Noonepassedthemathematicsexaminationtoday.---1guesswetheexerciselastnight.A.couldreviewB.shouldreviewC.mightreviewD.shouldhavereviewed()44.Shethehospitalsosoon,forshehasntyetrecovered.A.wouldnth