英语倒装句概念及复习

英语倒装句【知识简介】一般陈述句结构为“主语+谓语”，如果将句子某一部分移到句子前面而引起主语和谓语的顺序颠倒就成了倒装。疑问句一般均为倒装，但我们这里将不予讨论。倒装有两种情况：部分倒装（助动词放在主语之前）和全部倒装（整个谓语部分放在主语的前面）。【要点难点】1）部分倒装含有否定意义的副词（有时是词组）置于句首以表示强调时，句子用部分倒装形式。这类词有：not,never,neverbefore,nowhere,nolonger,innotime,nota+名词,notasingle+名词，notoften,atnotime（决不，注意和innotime［立刻，不用倒装］不同）,bynomeans（决不）,in/undernocircumstances（决不）,innoway决不），onnoaccount决不），innocase决不），seldom,little,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely（仅仅、很少、几乎不），stillless（更不用说）NeverbeforehaveIshownittoanyone.我从来没有拿给任何人看过。NeverbeforeinmylifehaveIenjoyedsuchbeautifulscenery.我一生中从未欣赏过如此之美景。LittledidIrealizewhatwasupsettinghim.我完全没意识到什么让他不高兴。NowherecouldIseehim.哪儿都见不到他。BynomeansisittruethatallEnglishpeopleknowtheirownlanguagewell.并非所有的英国人都通晓本国语。Hedoesn'tevenlikeher;stilllessisithisintentiontomarryher.他甚至不喜欢她，更不用说打算娶她。Notasingleworddidhesayforawholehour.他整整一小时一句话也没说。Undernocircumstancesmustyourelaxyoureffortsforamoment.在任何情况下，你一刻也不能放松自己的努力。NeitherdoIknowheraddress,nordoeshe.我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。Notcouldthepatienteat,norcouldhedrink.那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。SeldominmylifehaveImetsodeterminedaperson.一生中我很少见到如此果断的人。AtnotimewillIgiveupmybelief.我决不会放弃我的信念。（注意和这一句不同：Innotime,hegaveuphisefforttosurvive.他立刻就放弃了求生的努力。这里没有用倒装句）两个重要倒装句型：Hardly/ScarcelyhadAhappenedwhenBhappened.（A刚发生B就发生了。）NosoonerhadAhappenedthanBhappened.（A刚发生B就发生了。）Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhiswifestoppedhim.他刚开口说话就被他妻子制止了。HardlyhadshecomeintotheroomwhenhesawsomeonedisappearingthroughtheFrenchwindow.她一走进房间就看见有个人穿过落地窗不见了。NosoonerhadIleftmyhousethanitbegantorain.我刚刚离开家就下雨了。Scarcelyhadhegoneoutwhenitbegantorain.他刚一出门就下起雨来。Nosoonerhadhegonetosleepthanthetelephonerangonceagain.他刚睡着，电话铃又响了。Notuntil倒装句型。完全形式为：Notuntil/till+某一时间（用名词词组、介词词组或从句表达）+助动词+主语+谓语其他部分.NotuntilalongtimeafterwardsdidIrealizethathewasmixedupwiththegang.过了很长时间之后我才知道他与那一帮人厮混在一起。NotuntilIlostthatjobdidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.我失去了那份工作之后才意识到学习一门外语的重要性。notonly…butalso结构中的notonly置于句首时，notonly之后的句子要部分倒装。Notonlydidweloseallourmoney,butwealsocameclosetolosingourlives.我们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丢了命。Notonlywillhedothework,buthewillalsobeabletodotheworkwell.他不仅会做这个工作，而且，他也能够把这工作做好。用neither或nor表示“也不"时用部分倒装形式（neither/nor要置于句首）。一Iknowlittleabout3DMax.我对3DMax懂得不多。—NeitherdoI.我也不懂多少。一Thecouplequarreledagainlastnight.那对夫妻昨晚又吵架了。一Idon'tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，我也不关心。Shewon'tgo.Neither/NorwillI.她不走，我也不走。Hehadnofriendsnoracquaintances,nordidhemakeany.他没有朋友也没有熟人，他也不结交任何朋友或熟人。Isaidnomore.Neitherdidshe.我没再说什么，她也没再说什么。ThatdayIdidn'twatchTV,nordidIplayPCgames,nordidIdoanyofmyhomework.那天我没看电视，也没打电脑游戏，也没做任何作业。表示肯定的“也是……”时可用“So+部分倒装结构”。Thecornisripening,andsoaretheapples.玉米成熟了，苹果也成熟了。Maximhastoldmeso,andsohasFrank.马克西姆曾这样告诉我，弗兰克也曾这样告诉我。Peoplelovehavinglotsoffriends,sodothosewithdisabilities.人们喜欢广交朋友，残疾人也一样。—Wastheweathercoldinyourplaceyesterday?昨天你们那里天冷吗？—Soitwasandsoisittoday.是啊，今天也冷。注：当so在简短回答中表示同意对方的意见时，不用倒装。例如：—Youhavespilledcoffeeinyourdress.你把咖啡泼在你的衣服上了。—Oh,dear,soIhave.唉，天哪，可不是吗。“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”结构置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Onlythendidwerealizethatthemanwasblind.直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。Onlyinthiswaycanweexpecttoachievegreatsuccesses.只有这样我们才可能期望取得巨大成功。注意：当only与主语连用时，不用倒装。例如：Onlytwoofushadsomeexperienceinsailing.只有我们两个人有些驾船航行的经验。Onlyteachersofthisschoolcanusetheon-linereading-room.只有本校教师才可以用网络阅览室。so…that结构或such…that结构，so或such在句首时，随后的句子要作部分倒装。Somovedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她激动得一句话也说不出来。Soloudlydidhespeakthateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他的声音那么大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.光速如此之快，我们很难想像。InsuchaplightdidIfindmyselfthatIwasatmywit'sendwhattodo.我发现自己处境如此窘困而不知所措。某些表示频度方式的状语如often,manyatime,well等置于句首时，句子可用部分倒装。ManyatimehaveIseenthatmanbeggingfromdoortodoor.我曾许多次看见那人挨门乞讨。WelldoIremembertheadviceyougavemelastJune.我非常清楚地记得去年六月你给我的建议。OftenhaveIhearditsaidthatsheisgenerousandwarmhearted.我常听人们说她又慷慨又热心。as或though引导的让步状语从句中，名词、形容词、副词或动词置于句首。Youngasheis,heknowssomeofthefamilysecrets.尽管他年纪小，他却知道家里的一些秘密。Difficultastheworkwas,itwasfinishedintime.工作虽然困难，还是及时完成了。TryasImight,Icouldnotliftthestone.尽管我用尽力气，我还是举不起这块石头。Tryashewould,hecouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.尽管他尽力而为，却仍不能让她改变主意。Eloquentthoughshewas,shecouldnotpersuadethem.尽管她能说善辩，但她说服不了他们。⑪在正式文体中，用倒装形式取代if引导的虚拟语气条件从句。此句相当于Ifyoushouldhappentofinishearly,…（亦可参见虚拟语气部分讲解）HadIknownwhatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.假如我知道会发生什么事，我就决不会把她一个人单独留下。Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Wereshethere,shemightsupportthemotion.假如她在那里，她或许会支持这项动议。Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitformehere.万一有人找我，让他在这里等我。⑫May置于句首的感叹句，表示“但愿！”“祝！”（另请参看虚拟语气部分讲解）Mayyouhavealonghappylife!祝你健康长寿，生活幸福！2）全部倒装here,there,now等副词置于句首时用全倒装形式，这种句型常用来强调或提醒一个正在进行的动作，但谓语动词多为一般现在时形式（有时也用一般过去时）。Herearethetools.工具在这儿。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Iturnedthecornerandthereweremyparents.我一拐弯，我父母就在那儿。Thereenteredastrangelittleman.走进来一个奇怪而身村又矮小的人。Oncetherelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.从前，海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。在全倒装形式的句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主谓不能倒装。—Where'smydictionary?我的词典在哪里？一Hereitis.给。（不说Hereisit.）Awayhewent,withoutwaitingforanyreply.他没等回答就离开了。（不说Awaywenthe.）then倒装句常用一般过去时。ThencameMaryandGeorge.然后玛丽和乔治来了。表示位置或时间的副词如away,up,down,in,out,next,soon等（包括前面提到的here,there,now,then）在句首时，句子用全倒装形式。在这种句型中，谓语动词往往是be动词及come,go,fall,fly,lie等趋向动词。Downcametherain.下雨了。Upwentthearrowintotheair.飕地一声，箭射上了天。Awaywenttheboytotheschool!那男孩子到学校里去了！Offgoesthewoman.那个女人走了。Herecomesourteacher!我们的老师来了！IncameourEnglishteacher,withadietionaryinhishand.英语老师走了进来，手里拿着本词典。Thedooropenedandoutcameatall,whiskeredman.门开了，出来一个大个子满脸络腮胡子的人。Followingtheroar,outrushedatigerfromamongthebushes.一声吼叫，呼地从丛林中冲出一只老虎。Sooncameanewdevelopmentthathadfar-reachingeffects.不久有了一个新的发展，产生了深远的影响。Southwestofthereservoirwere2,000muofsandywasteland.水库西南有两千亩沙荒地。表示地点或时间的介词短语在句首时，常用全部倒装形式。Inthecottagelivesafamilyofsix.在这幢小茅屋里住着一家六口。Beforethemlaymilesofundulatingmoorland.他们前面是一片高低起伏的荒原。Nearthebridgewasanoldcottage.在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。InthecastlelivedtheSnowWhitewiththesevendwarfs.白雪公主和七个小矮人住在城堡里。FourorfivemilestotheeastofthemlaythebluewatersofLakeMichigan.位于它们以东四、五英里的地方是蔚蓝色的密歇根湖。Onthetablestoodtwoglasses,anemptybrandybottle,andtheremainsofameal.在桌子上有两只玻璃杯，一个空的白兰地酒瓶以及一些残羹剩饭。Afterthebanquetcameafireworkdisplayinthegarden.在宴会之后，花园里又燃放了烟火。在正式文体中，遇到“主语+动词+表语”结构，如果主语较长，或是要特别强调表语内容，这时可用全部倒装形式，使句子或是产生平衡感，或是产生语势感。Happyishewhohasasoundmindinasoundbody身心健康的人是幸福的。Veryimportantinthefarmers'lifeistheweatherforecast.农民生活中非常重要的事就是天气预报。Worstofallwerethehumiliationhesuffered.最糟糕的是他受的屈辱。Hiddenundergroundisawealthofgold,silver,copper,leadandzinc.地下埋藏了大量金、银、铜、铅和锌。Showntogetherwiththeseproductsweremodelsofsteelworks.和这些产品一道展出的还有钢铁厂的模型。Lyingonthefloorwasaboyagedaboutseventeen.躺在地板上的是一个年约十七岁的男孩。Standingbesidethetablewasaninterpreter.站在桌旁的是一位口译员。thus在句首时，句子可用全部倒装形式。Thusbegantheirwork.他们的工作就这样开始了。【专项练习】单句改错：Neverbeforeourcountryhasbeenasunitedasitistoday.Onlyonveryrareoccasionshegivesyouawordofpraise.Littlehethoughtthathewouldonedayseehisnameinalltheheadlines.Nowhereelseintheworldthatcanhappentoyou.Awaycoachandhorseswentatfullspeed.ItoldBobtoeatuphisdinner,andsodidhe.Tonoonetheywilladmittheirguilt.Girlalthoughsheis,shecandomostofthehousework.VeryseldomonecancomeacrosssnakesinEngland.Nosoonerhehadsaiditthanhewishedhehadn't.Wellyoumaysaythatitistoolatetodoanythingaboutitnow.Atnotimeinthehistoryofmankindwomenhavehadgreateropportunitiesforfollowingcareersthantheyhavenow.Soeasythetaskwasthattheyfulfilleditinashorttime.Theyneverforgavehimfortheinsult,norhecouldridhimselfoffeelingsofguiltforhavingspokenthatway.Onnoaccountvisitorsareallowedtofeedtheanimals.Sherefusedtoapologise,norshewouldmakeanyexplanation.Onahillinfrontofthemdidagreatcastlestand.NeverbeforeinmylifeIhavebeenfacedwithsodifficultachoice.Notuntilweknowallthedetailswecandosomethingaboutit.Hesearchedforthemissinggoldcoinforhours,butnowherehecouldfindit.单项填空：—Youlikesinginganddancing.—.SodoIB.SoIdoC.IdosoD.doIsoHermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady..SomymotherisB.SoismymotherC.IsmymothersoD.mymothersois

Thefairystory"SnowWhite"isveryinteresing..SoitisB.SoisitC.itissoD.isitsoYoudidn'tgoforanoutingattheseashore..NeitherdoIB.NeitherdidIC.Ididn'tneitherD.DidneitherIMarxwasborninGermany,andGermanwashisnativelanguage.SoitwaswithEngelsB.SowasEngelsC.SoEngelswasD.WasEngelsso—Look.There.—Oh,esthebus;comesitB.thebuscomes;itcomesC.comesthebus;itcomesD.thebuscomes;comesit7.Notuntilsixteen7.Notuntilsixteentoschool.hewas;didhegoB.hewas;hewentC.washe;hedidgoD.washe;wenthe8.Notuntilthenextmorning.9.A.C.HardlyhadhegothomehadgothomehedidMarycomebackB.MarycamebackC.cameMarybackD.camebackMary9.A.C.HardlyhadhegothomehadgothomehehehadgothomeD.hehomehadgotNosoonerthanhefellasleep.A.hisheadhadtouchedthepillowB.hadhisheadtouchedthepillowtouchedthepillowhisheadhadD.touchedthepillowhadhisheadLittle.A.didIthinkofitB.IthoughtofitC.didthinkIofitD.thoughtofitISeldom.A.LiLiherfeelingsshowedB.didshowLiLiherfeelingsC.LiLishowedherfeelingsD.didLiLishowherfeelingsNeverbeforeinherlifesuchbeautifulandpreciousjewelry.A.hesawB.didheseeC.hassheseenD.shehasseenManyatimethechesscompetition.A.hadtakenhepartinB.hetakenpartinhadC.hadhetakenpartinD.hehadtakenpartinSobusythathehasnotimetospare.hewasB.washeC.heisD.ishewithabunchofflowersinherhand.AgirlincameB.CameinagirlC.IncameagirlD.AgirlcameinOut.frombehindatalltreeranalittleboyB.frombehindatalltreealittleboyranC.ranalittleboyfrombehindatalltreeD.alittleboyranfrombehindatalltreeTOC\o"1-5"\h\zIntheclearbluesky.A.doesshinethebrightmoon.B.thebrightmoondoesshineC.shinesthebrightmoonD.thebrightmoonshinesOnlyinthisway.A.wecanwelldoitB.canwewelldoitC.wecandoitwellD.canwedoitwellOnlywhenhehasfinishedhishomework.A.isabletoheplaywithhisfriendsforawhileheabletoplaywithishisfriendsforawhileisheabletoplaywithhisfriendsforawhileheisabletoplaywithhisfriendsforawhile,hecontinuedhisstudy.A.LateasitwasB.AsitwaslateC.LatealthoughitwasD.AlthoughwasitlateNextdoortous.A.livesanoldman,whoisanoverseasChinesedoesanoldmanlive,whoisanoverseasChineseanoldmanliveswhoisanoverseasChineseanoldmanwhoisanoverseasChinesedoesliveasyoungasyou,Iwouldstudyhard.A.WasIB.WereIC.IfIamD.IfIwassohard,theywouldn'thavewonsuchgreatsuccess.A.Hasn'ttheytrainedB.Iftheyhasn'ttrainC.HadtheynottrainedD.Iftheydidn'ttrainNotasinglewordwhenheleft.A.didspeakheB.spokeheC.didhespeakD.hespoke

26.A.27.A.C.28.A.29.A.C.30.A.31.A.B.C.D.32.A.C.33.A.C.34.A.C.35.A.36.A.37.——Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.Let'sstophereforarest.NeitheramIB.NeithercanIC.IthinksoD.Idon'tthinksoBequick!.ThebuscomeshereB.ThebusherecomesHerethebuscomesD.HerecomesthebusJohn'snotbeentoLondon..Benisn'teitherB.NeitherisBenC.NorBenhasD.NeitherhasBen,hedoesnotknowtheanswer.AsMrSmithisateacherB.AsMrSmithisteacherAteacherasMrSmithisD.TeacherasMrSmithissobusy,Ishouldgowithyou.WereInotB.WasInotC.IfIamnotD.IwerenotInthefrontoftheclassroom.isthedeskfortheteacherhasthedeskoftheteactheritisadeskfortheteacherhasitadeskoftheteacherOnthetopofthehilldoesatemplestandB.standsatempleD.NotonlydoesatemplestandB.standsatempleD.NotonlybutshelikespaintinglikespaintingsheNesyourturnB.yourturncomesD.atemplestandsthereatemplestandsalsoshelikessinging.doesshelikepaintingshedoeslikepaintingdoesyourturncomeyourturndoescomehappy.YoumaybeB.MayyoubeC.BeyoumayD.Maybeyou—Iwouldneverevertrusthimagain.Heletmedown.NorwasIB.SodidIC.NeitherwouldID.SowouldIAfterthewhistlerang,thecoachappearedinthefield.Behindhimtheteamwearing

blackandwhitesuits.A.hadB.walkedC.wasfollowedD.ledNotonlygivepeoplerelaxationandpleasure,butincreasetheirknowledgeofanykind.A.cantravel;itcantravelcan;canitcantravel;canittravelcan;itcanHetreasuredanotebookinwhichhisbankaccountpasswordandhisfriends'addresses.A.wroteB.recordedC.writtenD.wererecordedNotonly,butalsomostoftheirboringordifficultworkisunnoticed.A.mothersarenotpaidB.aremothersnotpaidmothersarepaidD.aremotherspaidMothertoldmetoplaywithourlittleguest.,thoughunwillingly.A.SodidIB.Ididn'tC.SoIdidD.NeitherIdidthetemperatureis,waterturnsintosteam.A.Thehigh;thefastB.Higher;fasterC.Themorehigher;thefasterD.Thehigher;thefastercanyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughworkhardC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.HoweverlateheisIfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylifesohappy!A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltNotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverhowseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didn'tthevillagersrealizeSodifficultittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeelgotintotheroomthetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad,thenB.Hardlyhadhe,whenC.Hehadnot,thenD.Nothadhe,when,heisnotyetreadytoturnprofessional.A.GiftedthoughisheB.GiftedasisheC.GiftedasheisD.ThoughishegiftedHisfatherbecameveryexcitedwhenheheardthegoodnews.A.SobecamehismotherSohadhismotherSodidhismotherSohismotherwasOnlywhentotakeoffthatshehadleftherhandbagatheroffice.A.theairbusbegan;didsherealizedidtheairbusbegin;sherealizedtheairbusbegan;sherealizeddidtheairbusbegin;didsherealize—IlikelisteningtomusicwhenIhavefreetime.—.Ienjoylisteningtolightmusicverymuch.A.SodoIB.NoramIC.NeitherdoID.SoamI,Ihaveneverseenanyonewho'sascapableasJohn.A.AslongasIhavetravelledB.NowthatIhavetravelledsomuchC.MuchasIhavetravelledD.AsIhavetravelledsomuchInrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,.A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybeNotonlyinterestedinfootballbutbeginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis;allisstudentsaretheteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsistheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare—Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.—Goodheavens,.A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.IsodidTheoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor40yearsandneveroncewitheachother.A.theyhadquarreledtheyhavequarreledhavetheyquarreledhadtheyquarreledOnlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,.A.youareallowedinyouwillbeallowedinwillyouallowinwillyoubeallowedinItwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide.A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedthatthemountainclimberwasrescuedwhenthemountainclimberwasrescuedthenthemountainclimberwasrescuedsnacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.NotonlytheydidbringMaybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelsesuchabeautifulpalace.A.canyoufindB.youcouldfindC.youcanfindD.couldyoufindOfthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neitheranyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethereMaryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,.A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn'ttooD.nordoesJohnTheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittletheyknowaboutGerman.A.haveB.didC.hadD.do,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.QuietashemaybeastudentInthedarkforests,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.A.standmanylakesB.liemanylake